臭灵丹水提取物的急性毒性及镇痛作用的实验研究

采用上下移动法,醋酸扭体法、热板法、福尔马林致痛试验对臭灵丹水提取物的急性毒性及镇痛作用进行了研究。结果显示：臭灵丹水提取物LD50（腹腔注射）为1．19g／kg;臭灵丹水提取物明显抑制醋酸所致的小鼠扭体数,显著减少福尔马林致痛试验后期小鼠舔足行为;而对热板法所致疼痛无明显作用。表明臭灵丹水提取物具有一定的外周镇痛作用。     

小檗碱的消炎镇痛作用

皮下注射小檗碱明显减少醋酸性小鼠扭体反应次数,半数有效量为3.5mg/kg,仅在皮下注射8mg/kg的大剂量时,对热板法实验表现出镇痛作用。口服60mg/kg 小檗碱明显抑制醋酸提高小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性;皮下注射20和50mg/kg都显著抑制组胺提高大鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性。给小鼠皮下注射4和8mg/kg小檗碱显著抑制二甲苯引起耳壳肿胀;给大鼠皮下注射20和40mg/kg时显著抑制角叉菜胶引起的足跖肿胀,作用持续7小时以上。小檗碱的消炎镇痛作用随剂量增大而增加。     

藏药赛北紫堇总生物碱镇痛药效学研究

本文采用小鼠热板法和醋酸扭体法观察藏药赛北紫堇总生物碱的镇痛作用;藏药赛北紫堇总生物碱灌胃给药,在小鼠热板法和扭体法实验中能提高小鼠热刺激引起的痛阈值(P＜0.05),显著减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体反应(P＜0.05).结果表明藏药赛北紫堇总生物碱具有明显的镇痛作用.     

藏药西藏棱子芹抗炎镇痛药效学研究

本文采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、棉球致小鼠肉芽肿法观察藏药西藏棱子芹的抗炎作用,采用热板法、醋酸扭体法观察藏药西藏棱子芹的镇痛作用。结果表明藏药西藏棱子芹能明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和棉球所致小鼠肉芽肿;能提高小鼠对热板疼痛的阈值,减少小鼠扭体反应的次数,延长醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的潜伏时间。藏药西藏棱子芹具有显著的抗炎镇痛作用,值得开发研究。     

瑶药串连珠在瑶族民间医药中的应用及实验研究

目的为进一步明确串连珠的治病作用,为临床运用提供科学依据。方法采用最大耐受量(MTD)方法测试;用热板法、扭体法,观察串连珠的镇痛作用;用二甲苯致耳廓肿胀及腹腔染料渗出法,观察串连珠的抗炎作用;用载玻片法和毛细玻管片,观察串连珠对小鼠凝血时间的影响;用动物离体肠观察串连珠对肠管平滑肌的影响。结果串连珠水煎剂的MTD为408g生药/kg。串连珠高、中剂量组对小鼠热板致痛药后30min痛阀反应时间明显延长,对小鼠扭体次数各剂量均明显减少,但潜伏期无明显影响;抗炎结果显示,串连珠对醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性有明显的抑制作用,但对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀无抑制作用;无缩短凝血时间的作用;对家兔、小鼠离体肠平滑肌有明显的抑制作用。结论MTD大于408g生药/kg动物体重,表明其毒性低。串连珠具有一定的镇痛、抗炎、解痉作用,但无明显的止血作用。     

两面针提取物(S0)对小鼠镇痛、抗炎和止血作用的研究(英文)

本研究对两面针根的提取物S0进行了镇痛、止血和抗炎药理实验,每种作用选用两种实验方法来评价。镇痛作用采用热板法和扭体法。热板法实验显示,S0在150mg/kg剂量时,小鼠痛阈值明显提高(P<0.01);扭体法实验显示,S0在150mg/kg剂量为时,对冰醋酸致痛的小鼠扭体反应次数减少了70.96%(P<0.01)。抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法及腹腔染料渗出法。二甲苯致炎剂实验表明,S0在150mg/kg剂量时,对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显抑制作用,抑制率为63.45%(P<0.01);冰醋酸所致的腹腔毛细血管通透性实验中,S0在150mg/kg和75mg/kg两个剂量组时,对小鼠的抗炎效果分别为52.94%(P<0.01)和52.00%(P<0.01)。止血实验采用毛细玻璃管法和载玻片法。毛细玻璃管实验表明S0在150mg/kg和75mg/kg两个剂量时,凝血时间明显缩短(P<0.01);载玻片实验表明S0在150mg/kg剂量时,凝血时间明显缩短(P<0.01)。总之,两面针中提取物S0对小鼠具有显著的镇痛、止血和抗炎作用。     

两面针提取物(S-O)对小鼠镇痛、抗炎和止血作用的研究

本研究对两面针根的提取物S-O进行了镇痛、止血和抗炎药理实验,每种作用选用两种实验方法来评价。镇痛作用采用热板法和扭体法。热板法实验显示,S-O在150mg/kg剂量时,小鼠痛阈值明显提高（P〈0．01）;扭体法实验显示,S-O在150mg/kg剂量为时,对冰醋酸致痛的小鼠扭体反应次数减少了70．96％（P〈0．01）。抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法及腹腔染料渗出法。二甲苯致炎剂实验表明,S-O在150mg/kg剂量时,对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显抑制作用,抑制率为63．45％（P〈0．01）;冰醋酸所致的腹腔毛细血管通透性实验中,S-O在150mg/kg和75mg/kg两个剂量组时,对小鼠的抗炎效果分别为52．94％（P〈0．01）和52．00％（P〈0．01）。止血实验采用毛细玻璃管法和载玻片法。毛细玻璃管实验表明S-O在150mg/kg和75mg/kg两个剂量时,凝血时间明显缩短（P〈0．01）;载玻片实验表明S-O在150mg/kg剂量时,凝血时间明显缩短（P〈0．01）。总之,两面针中提取物S-O对小鼠具有显著的镇痛、止血和抗炎作用。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的：研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法：应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果：小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论：小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法:应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果:小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论:小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

克班宁的镇痛作用部位及作用机制探讨

以探究克班宁的镇痛作用部位并初步明确其镇痛机制为目的。采用小鼠足趾注射甲醛法、热板法及腹腔注射醋酸(扭体法)所致疼痛模型,探讨克班宁的镇痛作用;以小鼠输精管经壁电刺激法,了解克班宁对吗啡受体的影响。结果发现克班宁在3.2 mg/kg时对三种疼痛模型均显示明显的抑制作用,并能明显抑制小鼠输精管经壁电刺激所引起的收缩,且该收缩不能被纳络酮所拮抗。因此,克班宁可能具有中枢样镇痛作用,但作用机制与吗啡受体无关。     

Chemical traits and antimicrobial activity of endemic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Teucrium arduini</Emphasis> L. from Mt Biokovo (Croatia)

Chemical composition of the essential oil (analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS), the content of macroelements and trace elements (analysed by ICP-AES), and antimicrobial activities were investigated in Teucrium arduini L. from Mt Biokovo (Croatia). Additionally, a study on the types and distribution of glandular trichomes which produce essential oils was investigated. The oil was characterized by a high concentration of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (68.5%) of which β-caryophyllene (32.9%) and germacrene D (16.4%) being the major compounds. Among the macroelements, the content of calcium was the highest (9772 mg/kg), while the content of sodium was the smallest (117.74 mg/kg). Among the micronutrients, the most represented element was iron (72.07 mg/kg). The content of each investigated toxic metal (As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Cr) was below permissible levels. The essential oils showed antimicrobial activity against bacterial species tested, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 mg/mL to 37.50 mg/mL. Fungal species were susceptible with MIC values from 7.81 mg/mL and 25.00 mg/mL.     

Performance of rabbits and oxidative stability of muscle tissues as affected by dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil

The effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on the performance of rabbits, and the susceptibility of the produced raw and thermally treated muscle tissue to lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage, were investigated. A total of 96 weaned rabbits were separated into four equal groups with three subgroups each. One group was given the basal diet and served as control, two groups were administered diets supplemented with oregano essential oil at levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg diet, whereas the remaining group was given a diet supplemented with alpha-tocopheryl acetate at 200 mg/kg. During the 42-day experimental period, body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. Feeding the experimental diets to rabbits, performance parameters were not affected. Therefore, dietary oregano essential oil exerted no growth-promoting effect on rabbits. With increased supplementation of oregano essential oil, malondialdehyde values decreased in both raw and thermally treated muscles during refrigerated storage. This finding suggests that dietary oregano essential oil exerted a significant antioxidant effect. Dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil at the level of 200 mg/kg was more effective in delaying lipid oxidation compared with the level of 100 mg/kg, but inferior to dietary supplementation of 200 mg alpha-tocopheryl acetate per kg. This study indirectly provides evidence that antioxidant compounds occurring in oregano essential oil were absorbed by the rabbit and increased the antioxidative capacity of tissues.     

Performance of rabbits and oxidative stability of muscle tissues as affected by dietary supplementation with Oregano essential oil

The effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on the performance of rabbits, and the susceptibility of the produced raw and thermally treated muscle tissue to lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage, were investigated. A total of 96 weaned rabbits were separated into four equal groups with three subgroups each. One group was given the basal diet and served as control, two groups were administered diets supplemented with oregano essential oil at levels of 100 and 200?mg/kg diet, whereas the remaining group was given a diet supplemented with α-tocopheryl acetate at 200?mg/kg. During the 42-day experimental period, body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. Feeding the experimental diets to rabbits, performance parameters were not affected. Therefore, dietary oregano essential oil exerted no growth-promoting effect on rabbits. With increased supplementation of oregano essential oil, malondialdehyde values decreased in both raw and thermally treated muscles during refrigerated storage. This finding suggests that dietary oregano essential oil exerted a significant antioxidant effect. Dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil at the level of 200?mg/kg was more effective in delaying lipid oxidation compared with the level of 100?mg/kg, but inferior to dietary supplementation of 200?mg α-tocopheryl acetate per kg. This study indirectly provides evidence that antioxidant compounds occurring in oregano essential oil were absorbed by the rabbit and increased the antioxidative capacity of tissues.     

两种精油熏蒸处理对金针菇贮藏品质的影响

为了开发高效的食用菌绿色保鲜剂,以新鲜的白色金针菇为供试材料,以花椒精油和丁香精油为供试熏蒸剂,分别在常温（25±1）℃和低温（4±1）℃条件下开展了适用于金针菇保鲜的精油种类和浓度的筛选试验,并对金针菇贮藏期内的感官评价、失重率、呼吸强度、褐变度、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性、丙二醛（MDA）以及总酚含量进行了测定。结果显示,常温（25±1）℃条件下用0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油保鲜效果优于其他处理,且有统计学意义（P<0.05）,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油处理组感官评分分别高于对照组23.4%和27.8%,二者均能够抑制金针菇褐变、减轻腐败变质,且有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在低温（4±1）℃贮藏试验中发现,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油均能有效抑制呼吸强度和PPO活性的升高（P<0.05）,其呼吸高峰较对照组分别降低了28.3%和39.6%;贮藏15 d后,精油处理组PPO活性较对照组分别降低了8.2%和16.6%;精油处理有效降低了MDA含量的产生,保持着较高的总酚含量、减轻腐烂褐变的程度。第15天时,对照组MDA含量为1.75 μmol·g-1,而花椒精油和丁香精油处理组MDA含量分别比对照组低0.15、0.40 μmol·g-1,丁香精油处理组显著低于花椒精油处理组和对照组（P<0.05）。研究结果表明,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油均对金针菇采后贮藏保鲜效果显著,其中,0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油的保鲜效果最明显,在15d的贮藏期内,金针菇依然保持着良好的品质,而对照组已经轻微褐变,部分开始腐烂。研究结果为花椒精油和丁香精油应用于金针菇采后贮藏保鲜提供了理论依据。     

Antichemotactic and Antifungal Action of the Essential Oils from Cryptocarya aschersoniana,Schinus terebinthifolia,and Cinnamomum amoenum

The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antichemotactic, antioxidant, and antifungal activities of the essential oil obtained from the species Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez , Cinnamomum amoenum (Ness & Mart .) Kosterm. , and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi , as well as the combination of C. aschersoniana essential oil and terbinafine against isolates of dermatophytes. Allo‐aromadendrene, bicyclogermacrene, and germacrene B were identified as major compounds in essential oils. The essential oil of C. aschersoniana shown 100 % inhibitory effect on leukocyte migration at the concentration of 10 μg/mL while S. terebinthifolia oil presented 80.1 % inhibitory effect at the same concentration. Only S. terebinthifolia oil possessed free‐radical‐scavenging activity which indicates its antioxidant capacity. The essential oils were also tested against fungal isolates of dermatophyte species (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum), resulting in MIC ranging from 125 μg/mL to over 500 μg/mL. C. aschersoniana oil combined with terbinafine resulted in an additive interaction effect. In this case, the essential oil may act as a complement to conventional therapy for the topical treatment of superficial fungal infections, mainly because it is associated with an anti‐inflammatory effect.     

莳萝蒿精油成分分析及抑菌活性机理探究

为了确定莳萝蒿精油的化学成分,并探究其抑菌活性及抑菌机理.该研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取莳萝蒿精油,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用法测定其化学成分.采用抑菌圈法、二倍稀释法和生长曲线法测定精油的抑菌活性,采用电导率法和扫描电镜法探究精油的抑菌机理.结果表明:(1)莳萝蒿精油的主要化学成分包括醇类(47.12％)和萜烯类(19.9...     

Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway in the antidepressant activity of essential oil of Valeriana wallichii Patchouli alcohol chemotype

Valeriana wallichii DC (Valerianaceae), popularly named as Indian valerian has been shown to exist as three chemotypes. The present study evaluated the antidepressant like effect of root essential oil of Valeriana wallichii patchouli alcohol chemotype in both acute and chronic treatment study using forced swim test (FST). Mice (n = 6 per group) received 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg p.o. doses of test drug. Single administration of oil significantly inhibited the immobility period (57.6% and 46.9%) at doses 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively without changing the motor function (p < 0.05). Similarly, daily administration of essential oil (20 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly reduced the immobility period (69.9%) in FST (p < 0.05). The neurotransmitter levels in mouse brain were estimated on day 14 after the behavioral study. Significant increase in the level of norepinephrine (29%) and serotonin (19%) (p < 0.05) was found at 20 mg/kg dose, while no change was observed at 10 and 40 mg/kg doses. The antidepressant-like effect of essential oil (20 mg/kg) was prevented by pretreatment of mice with l-arginine (750 mg/kg i.p.) and sildenafil (5 mg/kg i.p). On the contrary, pretreatment of mice with l-NAME (10 mg/kg i.p.) or methylene blue (10 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the antidepressant action of essential oil (10 mg/kg). Taken together, these findings demonstrated that nitric oxide pathway is involved in mediating antidepressant like effect of essential oil from this chemotype.     

侧柏叶精油的抗细菌和抗氧化活性(英文)

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取侧柏叶精油,通过GC和GC-MS分析精油的组成。从侧柏叶精油中鉴定出29种成分,主要为单萜和倍半萜,含量较高的化合物有:8-丙氧基-柏木烷(15.41%)、松油烯-4-醇(12.98%)、α-蒎烯(9.85%)、桧烯(9.92%)和3-蒈烯(6.77%)。侧柏叶精油具有广谱的抗细菌活性,对供试细菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)在0.1 mg/mL和1.0 mg/mL之间,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)在0.063 mg/mL和0.90 mg/mL之间,半抑制浓度(IC50)在0.044 mg/mL和0.763 mg/mL之间。侧柏叶精油能有效抑制菲啰嗪与Fe2+的螯合(IC50值为0.409mg/mL)和β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸的氧化(IC50值为0.526 mg/mL)。     

香茅精油对桔小实蝇产卵驱避作用及其化学成份分析

研究了香茅Cymbopogon nardus精油对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)的产卵驱避作用及其化学成分。结果表明,香茅精油对桔小实蝇产卵具有一定的驱避作用,不同浓度香茅精油处理芒果上的产卵量均显著低于对照,且随着香茅精油浓度的提高其产卵量逐渐减少,当浓度为10000μg/mL时,产卵驱避率为70.06%。采用气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析了香茅精油的化学成份,结果发现该精油挥发物中含量较高的是3-蒈烯,香茅醛,香叶醇,香茅醇,柠檬烯。     

黔产毛蒟挥发油对油酸致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响及其机制

为研究黔产毛蒟挥发油在油酸诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用及其机制。实验将雄性成年清洁级SD大鼠按照体重随机分为对照组、油酸模型组和毛蒟挥发油组(0.125、0.25、0.5 mL/kg)。油酸模型组大鼠采用右侧颈静脉注射油酸0.2 mL/kg形成急性肺损伤模型;毛蒟挥发油组大鼠在油酸造模前30分钟静脉注射毛蒟挥发油;建模4 h后处死,留取标本。观察各组肺组织病理学形态并进行肺损伤评分,同时测定血气分析值、右下肺湿干重、肺通透指数以及肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β炎症因子的含量,最后采用免疫组化和Western Blot检测p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达量。结果表明大鼠PaO_2和PaO_2/FiO_2在油酸模型组明显低于对照组,同时右下肺湿干重、肺通透指数以及肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β炎症因子的含量在油酸模型组明显高于对照组。油酸模型组肺组织病理学显示肺损伤明显;毛蒟挥发油组上述指标较油酸模型组明显减轻。p-p38MAPK蛋白表达量在油酸模型组中明显高于对照组,而p-p38MAPK蛋白表达量在毛蒟挥发油组中明显低于油酸模型组。实验证明黔产毛蒟挥发油能够通过抑制p38MAPK通路减少急性肺损伤炎症因子的产生,对急性肺损伤具有较好的保护作用。