解酒药剂及保健食品的研究进展

简要回顾了解酒药剂及解酒保健食品的研究进展     

SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSUMER LIKING FOR CEREAL BAR SNACK FOODS

This study examined sensory aspects of cereal bar snacks for their relative importance to consumer perception and degree of like (DOL). Principal components analysis of conventional profiling data showed a distinct location of each bar type in multivariate space, separation being based on textural aspects for the hard crunchy bar and flavor dimensions (cereal, nutty versus chocolate. sweet, fruit) for others. A consumer panel ( n =56) examined a subset of the bars according to a balanced incomplete block design. Analysis of variance showed that the chewy, nutty and chocolate bars were liked most ( p <0.01) and this was linked to ideal levels of filling flavor and quantity, chewy and crunchy textures and sweetness. The majority of consumers ranked 'taste' as the most important characteristic influencing their purchase intent, followed by textural features, 'price' and 'appearance' . The 'healthy image' aspect was relatively less important. Analysis of the relationship between the sensory measures and DOL, using partial least squares regression, confirmed the above segregation of preference, with sensory aromas and flavors having most influence on consumer liking.     

CHLOROPLAST-DNA PHYLOGENETICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY IN A RETICULATING GROUP: STUDY IN POA (POACEAE)

Cladistic analysis of Poa chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction sites tested previously hypothesized relationships within the genus. Forty-six taxa representing 19 sections or groups and three subgenera of Poa and two out-group genera, Puccinellia and Bellardiochloa, are analyzed. Five major and several minor cpDNA groups are identified. The cpDNA cladogram is generally congruent with the subgeneric taxonomy of Poa. Exceptions are reclassified or are discussed in terms of character incompatibilities and possible reticulation events. The cpDNA tree detected relationships among sections that were unresolved using traditional character sets and provides a basis for polarization of morphological character states. An assessment of biogeographic events based on the cpDNA tree suggests: 1) Poa originated in Eurasia; 2) at least six groups of species independently colonized North America; and 3) two of the latter groups colonized South America, and one closely related group colonized New Zealand and Australia. The cpDNA tree provided a conservative estimate of the number of amphi-neotropical disjunctions when compared to the known number of species disjunctions.     

ATTITUDES TOWARDS EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PSYCHIATRISTS AND OTHER PHYSICIANS

Euthanasia and physician assisted‐suicide are terms used to describe the process in which a doctor of a sick or disabled individual engages in an activity which directly or indirectly leads to their death. This behavior is engaged by the healthcare provider based on their humanistic desire to end suffering and pain. The psychiatrist's involvement may be requested in several distinct situations including evaluation of patient capacity when an appeal for euthanasia is requested on grounds of terminal somatic illness or when the patient is requesting euthanasia due to mental suffering. We compare attitudes of 49 psychiatrists towards euthanasia and assisted suicide with a group of 54 other physicians by means of a questionnaire describing different patients, who either requested physician‐assisted suicide or in whom euthanasia as a treatment option was considered, followed by a set of questions relating to euthanasia implementation. When controlled for religious practice, psychiatrists expressed more conservative views regarding euthanasia than did physicians from other medical specialties. Similarly female physicians and orthodox physicians indicated more conservative views. Differences may be due to factors inherent in subspecialty education. We suggest that in light of the unique complexity and context of patient euthanasia requests, based on their training and professional expertise psychiatrists are well suited to take a prominent role in evaluating such requests to die and making a decision as to the relative importance of competing variables.