Gregory, R .P . Experiments withPrimula sinensis

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Gregory, R .P . Experiments withPrimula sinensis

     

Cynoglossopsis somaliensis,sp. nov., und die GattungCynoglossopsis (Boraginaceae)

Cynoglossopsis somaliensis H. Riedl, sp. nov., is described as a new species of the hitherto monotypic genusCynoglossopsis Brand which is closest related toCynoglossum L. but has to be included inBoraginoideae-Eritrichieae from the way the nutlets are attached to the gynobasis.

     

A proposito del riferimento di Emericella variecolor Berk,et Br. ad Aspergillus effettuato da Thom e Raper

Riassunto Si critica la combinazione Aspergillus variecolor creata da Thom e Raper per l'Emericella variecolor sulla base dell'identità della forma conidica (Aspergillus), senza tenere in nessun conto la notevole diversità di morfologia delle ascospore di E. variecolor rispetto a quelle di Aspergillus nidulans, nel quale gruppo Thom e Raper vorrebbero porre E. variecolor.

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Summary The new combination Aspergillus variecolor for Emericella variecolor, made by Thom and Raper, on the base of identity of the conidic form, and without taking in consideration the different morphology of the ascospores of E. variecolor in comparison with those of Aspergillus nidulans (a group including also E. variecolor, according the above quoted students) is criticized.

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Zusammenfassung Man kritisiert die Kombination des Aspergillus variecolor, die von Thom und Raper durch Emericella variecolor auf Basis der Identität der konidischen Form (Aspergillus) geschaffen wurde, ohne jegliche Berücksichtigung der bemerkenswerten Verschiedenheit der Morphologie zwischen den Askosporen des E. variecolor und denen des Aspergillus nidulans (in die letzte Gruppe wollen Thom und Raper den E. variecolor einreihen).

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Sumario La combinaoión Aspergillus variecolor, creada por Thom y Raper por Emericella variecolor en base a la identidad de la forma conidica (Aspergillus), sin tener en cuenta la notable diferencia entre la morfologia de las ascosporas de E. variecolor frente aquellas de Aspergillus nidulans (en el cual grupo los cienciados americanos quieren situar E. variecolor) está considerata como criticable.

     

Phyllopsora leprosa,eine neue Flechten-Species aus Surinam

Zusammenfassung Phyllopsora leprosa H.Riedl, sp. n., unterscheidet sich von allen anderen bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung durch den staubig-sorediös aufgelösten vegetativen Flechtenthallus und extrem kleine Apothezien, Asci und Sporen.

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Phyllopsora leprosa, a new lichen species from surinam

Summary Phyllopsora leprosa H.Riedl, sp. n., is distinct from all the other species of the genus hitherto known by its powdery vegetative lichen-thallus, and extremely small apothecia, asci and spores.

     

Key to palaearctic species of the genusPsyllaephagus [Hym.:Encyrtidae]

The article contains a key to 42 species of the genusPsyllaephagus Ashmead, 1900—parasites ofPsylloidea, mainly from southern regions of Palaearctics.Psyllaephagus tobiasi Trjapitzin, 1967 is synonymized withP. belanensis (Hoffer, 1963).

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Résumé Il est fourni la clé de 42 espèces du genrePsyllaephagus Ashmead, 1990, parasites de psylles, principalement des régions méridionales de la zone paléarctique.Psyllaephagus tobiasi Trjapitzin, 1967 est mis en synonymie avecP. belanensis (Hoffer, 1963).

     

Asperula visianii,nova spec., undA. staliana (Rubiaceae), Endemiten der Inseln Mitteldalmatiens

Asperula visianii Korica is described as a new stenoendemic species from the small Central Dalmatian island of Svetac (near Vis). It differs in several morphological features (which remain constant in cultivation) and in its ecology from the closely relatedA. staliana Vis., endemic on the nearby island of Bievo.

     

Heteromerikarpie und Fruchtpolymorphismus beiMicroparacaryum,gen. nov., (Boraginaceae)

Microparacaryum (M. Pop. exH. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech is described as a new genus of theBoraginaceae-Cynoglosseae. It comprises the annual species hitherto included inParacaryum (DC.)Boiss. andMattiastrum (Boiss.)Brand. Distribution maps are given for all 3 genera.Microparacaryum consists of two species,M. salsum (Boiss.)Hilger & Podlech (M. s.) andM. intermedium (Fresen.)Hilger & Podlech (M. i.). ParticularlyM. i. is a very variable species, and most of the species formerly recognized belong here. Scattered all over the range of the genus, plants occur with nutlets exhibiting flat or incurved marginal wings, often in mixed populations. This fruit polymorphism is taxonomically treated by recognizing formae. In addition, the following new infraspecific taxa and combinations are described:M. i. var.intermedium formaparacaryoides Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum (H. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech,M. s. formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech.

     

A new variety of Nitzschia sinuata (W. Sm.) Grun. from North Wales,Great Britain

Summary A new taxon, Nitzschia sinuata, var. denticuloides, var. n. was found to occur sparingly in two freshwater springs of Newborough Warren, Anglesey, North Wales, Great Britain. These two springs were characterized by shallow waters, moderate temperature and high pH. Dysharmonious or idiotrophic nature of the water was evident from high calcium, sodium and chloride contents, as well as low phosphate and potassium contents. The algal community was found to be dominated by Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz. bearing a vast population of epiphytic diatoms such as Epithemia and Achnanthes species.

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Zusammenfassung Eine neue Kieselalge, Nitzschia sinuata, var. denticuloides, var. n., ist in zwei Süsswasserquellen in Newborough Warren, Anglesey, Nord Wales, Grossbritannien spärlich verbreitet entdeckt worden. Diese beiden Quellen sind durch seichtes Wasser, milde Temperaturen und hohen pH Wert gekennzeichnet. Hohe Kalcium, Sodium und Chlorid Werte und niedrige Phosphat und Kalium Werte beweisen den dysharmonischen oder idiotrophen Charakter des Wassers. Die Algengesellschaft bestand hauptsächlich aus Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz., dicht besetzt von epiphytischen Diatomeen wie Epithemia and Achnanthes Arten.

     

Technique d'élevage deChelonus contractus Nees. parasite dePhthorimea ocellatella Boyd.

Summary The Braconid,Chelonus contractus Nees, egg endoparasite ofPhthorimea ocellatella Boyd, in S.E. of France, presents only females in his progeny. Its breeding is easy with the help of the small wax moth:Gnorimoschema operculella Zell. The mass breeding is inspired from method that we established for the production ofMacrocentrus ancylivorus Roh.      

Release ofTelenomus remus [Hym. scelionidae] againstSpodoptera frugiperda [Lep.: Noctuidae] in Florida,U.S.A.

Telenomus remus Nixon, a scelionid egg parasite of Lepidoptera, was released against fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), near Homestead, Florida U.S.A. from May 1975 — May 1977. A small percentage (4.5) of the egg masses collected were parasitized byT. remus, however no recoveries were made in the months following the final release. An egglarval parasite,Chelonus insularis (=texanus) (Cresson), was reared from 50% of the larvae from eggs collected.T. remus apparently was not established in Florida.

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Résumé Telenomus remus Nixon, scelionide parasite des œufs de lépidoptères, a été laché contreSpodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) près de Homestead en Floride, de mai 1975 à mai 1977. Un faible pourcentage des pontes récoltées (4,5%) se révélèrent parasitée parT. remus, cependant aucun parasite ne fut retrouvé dans les mois qui suivirent le dernier lacher. Un parasite ovo-larvaire,Chelonus insularis (=texanus) (Cresson) a été obtenu à partir de 50% des larves issues des œufs récoltés. ApparemmentT. remus n'a pas été établi en Floride.

     

A new dermatophyte,Thallomicrosporon kuehnii Benedek, 1963

Summary A new species of a dermatophyte,Thallomicrosporon kuehnii Benedek, 1963, is described. In contradistinction to all other known dermatophytes, it reproduces exclusively by thallospores: 1) large, fusiform, macroconidia-like structures, 2) arthrospores and, 3) chlamydospores. Microconidia are present, rodlike or pyriform. The elicitation of a perfect form of fructification in hair-on-soil cultures was unsuccessful.

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Zusammenfassung Eine neue Art der Dermatophyten,Thallomicrosporon kuehnii Benedek, 1963, wird beschrieben. Sie unterscheidet sich von allen anderen Hauptilzen durch den Umstand, dass sie sich ausschliesslich durch Thallosporen reproduziert: 1) Formen, ähnlich fusiformen Makrokonidien; 2) Arthrosporen und 3) Chlamydosporen. Mikrokonidien werden gebildet. Das Hervorbringen der perfekten Phase der Fruktifikation in Kulturen von Haar an Humus ist nicht gelungen.

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Résumé Une espèce nouvelle des dermatophytes,Thallomicrosporon kuehnii Benedek, 1963, est présentée. Elle est distincte de tous les autres dermatophytes par le fait de sa reproduction exclusive par des thallospores: 1) des structures imitant des macroconidies fusiformes; 2) des arthrospores et 3) des chlamydospores. Des microconidies sont présentes. L'élicitation de la phase perfecte de fructification en culture des poils en sol n'a pas réussi.

     

Zur cytotaxonomie vonVeronica chamaedrys L. agg., II.: subsp.micans M.Fischer,subsp. nova,eine weitere diploide Sippe

Zusammenfassung Veronica chamaedrys L. subsp.micans M.Fischer, unterscheidet sich vonV. chamaedrys L. subsp.chamaedrys hauptsächlich durch die meist hellgrün gefärbten und im Leben oberseits stets schwach glänzenden Laubblätter, deren Blattrand durchschnittlich mehr (9–11) Zähne aufweist, durch die stets drüsenlose Infloreszenzbehaarung, die kleineren Blüten mit schmäleren Sepalen und hellblau (nicht leuchtend-sattblau) gefärbten Corollen sowie durch die diploide Chromosomenzahl (2 n=16). Sie tritt in der mittleren Bergstufe zusammen mit subsp.chamaedrys auf, ersetzt sie jedoch in der oberen Bergstufe und in der Krummholzstufe an±gleichen Standorten fast vollständig (mit Ausnahme der stark eutrophierten Standorte, die ausschließlich von subsp.chamaedrys besiedelt sind). Die neue Sippe ist bisher nur aus den nordöstlichen Alpen bekannt geworden (vgl. S. 77).

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Cytotaxonomy ofveronica chamaedrys L. agg., II.: subsp.micans M.Fischer, a new diploid race

Summary Veronica chamaedrys L. subsp.micans M.Fischer differs fromV. chamaedrys L. subsp.chamaedrys mainly by: leaves bright green, in the living state always slightly but distinctly shining on the upper surface; margins on the average with more (9–11) teeth at each side; indumentum of the inflorescence without any glands; flowers relatively small with bright blue corollas and narrow sepals; chromosome number diploid: 2 n=16. In the upper mountain and subalpine region, where it replaces the common tetraploid subsp.chamaedrys L.; it is known up to now only from the Northeastern Alps (see p. 77).

     

Nématodes associés et parasites deBlastophagus destruens Woll. [Col. Scolytidae]

Résumé Le parasitisme par Nématodes a été étudié chez le ScolyteBlastophagus destruens, ravageur des Pins dans le Sud-Est de la France. Des espèces déjà connues de Nématodes associés à cet Insecte ont été trouvées:Panagrolaimus tigrodon Fuchs, 1930;Macrolaimus canadensis Sanwal, 1960;Mikoletzkya sp etBursaphelenchus sp. Une espèce nouvelle est décrite:Ruidosaphelenchus janasii. Les stades larvaires deParasitaphelencus papillatus Fuchs, 1937 etParasitorhabditis piniperdae (Fuchs, 1937)Rühm, 1954, vivent dans la cavité générale de l'h?te. La variation des taux d'infection et l'action sur l'insecte h?te de ces deux Nématodes parasites sont discutées.

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Summary The nematodesRuidosaphelenchus janasii n.g., n. sp.,Panagrolaimus tigrodon Fuchs, 1930,Macrolaimus canadensis Sanwal, 1960,Mikolezkya sp. andBursaphelenchus sp., were found associated withBlastophagus destruens (Col. Scolytidae), a pest of Pine in the South-East of France.Ruidosaphelenchus janasii n.g., n.sp. is described and illustrated. Larval stages ofParasitaphelenchus papillatus Fuchs, 1937 andParasitorhabditis piniperdae (Fuchs, 1937)Rühm, 1954, occur in the body cavity of the insect host. Variation of infection rates and parasitic effect of the nematodes on the host are discussed.

     

Fragmenta mycologica VI. Has keratinomyces ajelloi vanbreuseghem, 1952 microconidiums?

Summary It is demonstrated and the primary observation ofVanbreuseghem is again confirmed thatKeratinomyces ajelloi does not produce microconidiums.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt und die Beobachtung vonVanbreuseghem wird wiederum bestätigt, dassKeratinomyces ajelloi keine Mikrokonidien entwickelt.

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Résumé On a démontré et confirmé de nouveau l'observation primaire deVanbreuseghem queKeratinomyces ajelloi ne produit pas de microconidies.

     

Elicitation of perfect organ of fructification in Sabouraud's form-genus Microsporon (pro parte) by means of symbiosis with B. weidmaniensis Benedek, 1938

Summary The elicitation of perfect organs of fructification in the formgenusMicrosporon (pro parte) by means of an incidentally found bacterial symbiont, theB. weidmaniensis Benedek, 1938 is described.Furthermore, it is reported on two strains ofMicrosporon which spontaneously yielded identical perfect organs of fructification in the primary culture without any stimulation.A new genus is established:Veronaia Benedek (Ascomycetes, Perisporiaceae, Aspergillales) which encompasses at present, 1) the type species:Veronaia Castellanii,Benedek, 1960; 2)Veronaia (Microsporon)Audouinii Gruby and 3)Veronaia (Microsporon)felinea Fox &Blax.The genusVeronaia is cleistocarp and homothallic.The Latin and English diagnoses of the type species (genus) are given.The historical importance of this discovery and its impact on future search for the perfect organs of fructification in dermatophytes is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Die Auslösung einer typischen Schlauchfruktifikation in der Form-GattungMicrosporon (pro parte) mittels eines zufällig gefundenen bakteriellen SymbiontenB. weidmaniensis Benedek, 1938 wird beschrieben.Ferner wird über zwei Stämme vonMicrosporon berichtet, die in der Primärkultur gleiche Schlauchfruktifikation spontan, ohne irgendeinen Reiz, geliefert haben.Eine neue Gattung im natürlichen System wird aufgestellt:Veronaia Benedek (Ascomycetes, Perisporiaceae, Aspergillales). Sie umfasst zur Zeit 1) die Typen-species:Veronaia Castellanii Benedek, 1960; 2)Veronaia (Microsporon)Audouinii Gruby; 3)Veronaia (Microsporon)felinea Fox &Blax.Die GattungVeronaia ist cleistocarp und homothallisch.Die lateinische und englische Diagnose der Typen-species (Gattung) ist gegeben.Die geschichtliche Bedeutung dieser Entdeckung und ihr Einfluss auf zukünftige Untersuchungen betreffs der Schlauchfruktifikation in den Dermatophyten wird erörtert.

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Résumé L'auteur reporte sur la découverte de la vraie forme de réproduction dans le forme-genreMicrosporon (pro parte) deSabouraud par le moyen d'un symbionte bactérien, leB. weidmaniensis Benedek, 1938, découvert incidemment.En outre, il reporte sur deux souches deMicrosporon lesquelles ont produit la même forme parfaite de réproduction, spontanément dans la culture primaire sans aucune stimulation.Un genre nouveau est établi:Veronaia Benedek, gen. nov. (Ascomycetes, Perisporiaceae, Aspergillales) en renfermant à présent (1) l'espèce-type:Veronaia Castellanii,Benedek, 1960; (2)Veronaia (Microsporon)Audouinii Gruby et (3)Veronaia (Microsporon)felinea Fox etBlax.Le genreVeronaia est cleistocarpe et homothallique.Le diagnostic latin et anglais est assigné à l'espèce-type (genre).L'importance historique de cette découverte et son influence sur les recherches futures ont été discutées.

     

F. C. Napp undJ. G. Mendel Ein Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte derMendelschen Versuche

Zusammenfassung Im Hinblick auf den 100. TodestagF. C. Napps (22. 7. 1867), der als Abt des St. Thomas-Stiftes in AltbrünnJ. G. Mendel in das Stift aufnahm, ihm ein naturwissenschaftliches Studium sowie die Durchführung seiner Versuche ermöglichte, und im Hinblick auf den 100. Jahrestag der WahlMendels zum Abt des gleichen Stiftes (31. 3. 1868) wird der Beziehung dieser beiden Männer zueinander im Hinblick auf die EntdeckertatMendels gedacht. Im Anschluß an eine kurze BiographieNapps wird dessen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Dienst der praktischen Landwirtschaft und der für die Landwirtschaft wichtigen Grundlagenforschung gewürdigt. Eine besonders enge BeziehungNapps zu der wissenschaftlichen TätigkeitMendels ergibt sich auf Grund seiner Tätigkeit zugunsten der Meteorologie und der Bienenzucht.

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F. C. Napp andJ. G. Mendel a contribution to the prehistory ofMendel's experiments

Summary On the centenary of the death ofF. C. Napp (22. 7. 1867), abbot of the St. Thomas-monastery of Old-Brünn, who admittedJ. G. Mendel in his convent, enabled him to study natural science and to carry out his experiments, and on the centenary of the election ofMendel to succeedNapp as abbot (31. 3. 1868), we take note of the relationship between these two men as it concerns the discoveries ofMendel. Following a short biography ofNapp we appreciate his service to agriculture and its basic sciences. We find a close connection between the scientific work ofMendel andNapp in meteorology and bee keeping.

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Dem Leiter dere Genetischem Abteilung GregorMendel, des Mährischen Museums in Brünn (Brno/SSR), HerrnDr. V. Orel, sei für einen wiederholten Studienaufenthalt im Mendeleanum auch an dieser Stelle verbindlichst gedankt.     

Coremiella cuboidea (Sacc. et Ell.) Cif. et Car. n. comb. isolata da feci umane

Riassunto Sono studiati nelle loro caratteristiche morfo-culturali e biologiche quattro ceppi omogenei diCoremiella isolati da feci umane. Questo genera è simile aGeotrichum ma oltre a cellule miceliche clamidosporo-simili presenta formazione apicali miceliche di tipo coremioide reptante.L'artrosporulazione è un processo endogeno come inGeotrichum, e come inGeorichum si hanno artrospore clamidosporioidi fertili opache e artrospore usuali non fertili e jaline, ma meno differenziate.I ceppi vengono riferiti aC. ulmariae e le caratteristiche vengono paragonate anche con le culture su legno diSpirea ulmaria.Il primo esemplare diCoremiella è stato pubblicato comeOospora cuboidea Sacc. etEll. come è stato accertato studiando l'esemplare autentico diEllis.In conclusione il genereCoremiella Bub. etKrieg. è stato emendato ed è stata creata la combinazioneC. cuboidea (Sacc. etEll.).

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Summary Four homogeneous strains ofCoremiella from human feces were studied from morpho-cultural and biological standpoint. This genus is likeGeotrichum, but in addition to some mycelial, chlamydospore-like cells, coremioid mycelial, reptant strands are formed.The arthrosporulation is an endogeneous process, and, likeGeotrichum, there are usual hyaline and duller chlamydosporioid, fertile arthrospores, but less differentiated.The strains are referred toC. ulmariae, and the characteristics were compared also on timber and woody European Meadowsweet cultures. But the first binomial ofCoremiella has been published asOospora cuboidea Ell. etSacc., as ascertained by the study of the authenticEllis specimen.In conclusion, the genusCoremiella Bub. etKrieg. has been emended, and the combinationC. cuboidea (Sacc. etEll.) established.

     

Favositidae (Tabulata) from Emsian to Middle Devonian limestones of the Tamworth Group (N.S.W., Australia)

Several different species and species groups of the familiy Favositidae from the Emsian and Middle Devonian limestones of the Tamworth Group (N.S.W., Australia) are described. The Emsian Sulcor Limestone Member yieldedFavosites sp. aff.F. basalticus (Goldfuss, 1826),Favosites sp. aff.F. salebrosus Etheridge, 1899,Favosites stellaris Chernyshev, 1937,Squameofavosites nitidus (Chapman, 1914),Sq. bryani (Jones, 1937),Pachyfavosites rariporosus Dubatolov, 1963, andP. tumulosus Yanet, 1965. The Middle Devonian Moore Creek Limestone Member yieldedFavosites ex gr.goldfussi D’Orbigny, 1850, exclusively. In the Emsian limestones occur favositids in a wide array of different facies, with most being found in stratified biostromes and in bedded nodular limestones. In the Middle Devonian most favositids are found in nodular and lumpy limestones which occur at the base and at the top of some successions      

The genusAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae) in western North America: Morphometric analysis ofAntennaria alborosea,A. corymbosa,A. marginata,A. microphylla,A. parvifolia,A. rosea,andA. umbrinella

Multivariate analysis of vegetative and reproductive characters was used to examine morphological relatedness amongAntennaria alborosea A. E. Porsild,A. corymbosa E. Nels.,A. marginata Greene,A. microphylla Rydb.,A. parvifolia Nutt.,A. rosea Greene, andA. umbrinella Rydb. Both pistillate and staminate plants were examined. Some of the characters examined were variable in one species, but stable in another (i.e., presence or absence of papillae on the achenes). Our analyses indicate that the seven species are morphologically distinct. It is hypothesized that theA. rosea agamic complex arose through hybridization amongA. corymbosa, A. microphylla, A. umbrinella, and possiblyA. dioica (L.)Gaertn. However, hybridization between the three former species and others, as well as their subsequent morphological responses to different environmental conditions causes confusion in recognizing the taxa.Antennaria angustifolia Rydb.,A. arida E. Nels.,A. confinis Greene,A. scariosa E. Nels.,A. foliacea humilis Rydb.,A. concinna E. Nels., andA. viscidula E. Nels. are considered to represent F 1 hybrids.     

A note on the occurrence ofPelagonema obtusicauda,a free-living nematode inside bryozoans

Summary 1. This is the first record of occurrence of a free-living nematode,Pelagonema obtusicauda Filipjev, inside the colonies of the bryozoanElectra pilosa (L.).2. As many as 26 nematodes were recovered from a singleE. pilosa colony.3. The nematodes attained sexual maturity and many females harboured well-developed eggs.

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Eine Notiz über das Vorkommen vonPelagonema obtusicauda, eines freilebenden Nematoden in Bryozoen

Kurzfassung In Zooiden der marinen BryozoaElectra pilosa (L.) wurden zahlreiche Exemplare des freilebenden NematodenPelagonema obtusicauda Filipjev gefunden. Die Nematoden besiedeln offensichtlich die noch jungen Kolonien, in denen sie auch zur Fortpflanzung gelangen. Die Art der Beziehung zwischen den beiden Organismen bedarf noch weiterer Klärung.