狭基线纹香茶菜中一个新的木脂类素化合物

从狭基线纹香茶菜（Ｉｓｏｄｏｎ ｌｏｐｈａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ ｖａｒ．ｇｅｒａｒｄｉａｎｕｓ「Ｂｅｎｔｈａｍ」Ｈ．Ｈａｒａ）的乙酸乙酯部分分离得到两个木脂类素化合物,经１Ｄ、２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ技术鉴定,分别为１－ａｃｅｔｏｘｙｌ－２ｅ,６ｅ－ｄｉｐｉｐｅｒｏｎｙｌ－３,７－ｄｉｏｘａｂｉｃｙｃｌｏ－「３,３,０」－ｏｃｔａｎｅ（１）和１－ａｃｅｔｏｘｙｌ－２ｅ－ｐｉｐｅｒｏｎｙｌ－６ｅ－「６－ｍｅｔｈｏｘ     

旱生香茶菜中三个新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜

从旱生香茶菜（ｌｓｏｄｏｎ ｘｅｒｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）叶中分离得到３个新的对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜,旱生香茶菜素Ｇ,Ｈ和Ｌ０通过波谱方法鉴定它们的结构。     

7—乙酰基—鲁山冬凌草甲素,紫萼香菜菜甲素及其有关二萜化合物…

从无毛狭叶香茶菜（Ｉｓｏｄｏｎａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｉ）中分离得到４个已知二萜化合物;７－乙酰基－鲁山冬凌草甲素,鲁山冬凌草甲素,乙素和紫萼香茶菜甲素,经二维核磁共振波谱（２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ）解析表明,它们的结构分别由先前报道的５、６、７和８应修订为结构１,２,３和４。     

毛叶香茶菜素的结构订正

我们从安徽省黄山产的大萼香茶菜（Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａｍａｃｒｏｃａｌｙｘ（Ｄｕｎｎ）Ｈａｒａ）中分得一结晶,其元素分析和１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ与毛叶香茶菜素［１］完全一致,故推定为毛叶香茶菜素,根据该结晶的元素分析,ＭＳ、ＮＭＲ、ＣＯＳＹ和ＮＯＥＳＹ等光谱数据,其结构应订正为（２）。表１表明：毛叶香茶菜素（２）的分子式由元素分析和高分辨质谱确定为Ｃ２４Ｈ３６Ｏ９,毛叶香茶菜素（１）的分子式由元素分析也应确定为Ｃ２４Ｈ３６Ｏ９。由于赵治清等误将质谱中Ｍ＋－Ｈ２Ｏ碎片离子峰ｍ／ｚ４５０当作分子离子峰（毛叶香茶菜…     

7－乙酰基－鲁山冬凌草甲素，紫萼香茶菜甲素及其有关二萜化合物的结构修正

从无毛狭叶香茶菜（Ｉｓｏｄｏｎａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｉ）中分离得到４个已知二萜化合物：７－乙酰基－鲁山冬凌草甲素，鲁山冬凌草甲素、乙素和紫萼香茶菜甲素，经二维核磁共振波谱（ＺＤ－ＮＭＲ）解析表明，它们的结构分别由先前报道的５，６，７和８应修订为结构１，２，３和４。     

冬凌草中一新的二萜成分--冬凌草辛素

从河南省鹤壁地区产冬凌〖Ｉｓｏｄｏｎ ｒｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｈａｒａ〗叶中分得一个新地二萜化合物,命名为冬凌草辛素（Ｒｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓｉｎ Ｈ）〈经ＮＭＲ谱等确定其结构为６β,７β,１４β,１５Ｒ－四羟基－１１β－甲酰氧基－７α,２０－环氧－对映－贝壳杉－１６－烯。     

贵州紫云产黄花香茶菜的化学成分研究

采用甲醇回流提取和硅胶柱层析方法,从紫云产黄花香茶菜中分离得到6个化合物,结合1H-NMR、13C-NMR数据及文献资料鉴定为黄花香茶菜乙素(Ⅰ)、黄花香茶菜丁素(Ⅱ)、大萼变型香茶菜甲素(Ⅲ)、3β-Hydroxy-18α,19α-urs-20-en-28-oic acid(Ⅳ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅴ)和熊果酸(Ⅵ)。其中化合物Ⅳ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

细叶香茶菜中两个新的对映-贝壳杉烷二萜化合物

从云南中甸产细叶香茶菜(Isodon tenuifolia (W. W. Smith) Kudo)的地上部分分离得到6个化合物, 它们的结构通过波谱方法得到鉴定。其中化合物1和2为新的对映-贝壳杉烷二萜化合物, 即细叶香茶菜甲素(3β,6α,15β-trihydroxy-1α,7β-diacetoxy-11β,16β-epoxy-ent-kaurane) (1) 和细叶香茶菜乙素(1α,6α,11β-trihydroxy-3β,7β-diacetoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-15-one) (2)。     

近无毛灰岩香茶菜的研究

从云南省会泽县产近无毛灰岩香茶莱〔Rabdosia calcicola (Hand. -Mazz.) Hara var. subculva (Hand. -Mazz.) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li〕叶中分得两个二萜化合物,一个为新化合物,命名为灰岩香茶菜甲素(calcieolin A),另一个为已知化合物维西香茶菜甲素(weisiensin A),经各项光谱数据和化学反应确定,灰岩香茶菜甲素为3β-羟基-1α,6α,7β,11β-四乙酰氧基-对映-贝壳杉-16-烯-15-酮(1);维西香茶菜甲素结构应为3β,6α-二羟基-1α,7β,11β-三乙酰氧基-对映—贝壳杉-16-烯-15酮(2)。     

腺花香茶菜中的对映-贝壳杉烯类二萜化合物

从昆明产腺花香茶菜(Isodon adenanthus (Diels) Kudo)的地上部分分离到8个化合物,通过波谱分析鉴定,化合物1-3为新的对映-贝壳杉烯类二萜化合物,命名为腺花香茶菜素N、0和P;4个已知二萜为白叶香茶菜戊素(4)、无毛狭叶香茶菜素C(5)、腺花香茶菜甲素(6)和白叶香茶菜乙素(7),同时得到一个高度不饱和脂肪酸9,16-二羰基-10,12,14-三烯-十八碳酸(8)。根据ROESY波谱,对化合物4的结构进行了修正。化合物1对K562细胞显示出明显的细胞毒活性(IC50=0．45μg／mL)。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism