新型基因重组α-半乳糖苷酶工程菌菌种稳定性研究

观察脆弱类杆菌来源的新型重组α-半乳糖苷酶工程菌菌株的遗传稳定性.在有选择压力(Kan+)条件下,将重组α-半乳糖苷酶工程菌菌株在LB固体培养基上采用划线法连续传60代,每隔20代取样保存菌种,最后同时进行菌体形态、生长速度和抗生素抗性、平板传代及诱导过程中的质粒稳定性、限制酶切图谱、测序、表达量和酶活力检测.结果表明细菌形态、生长速度和抗生素抗性等与原始种子库无明显差异;LB固体培养基上传60代后质粒稳定性接近100％,但诱导过程中质粒易丢失.第20、40和60代提取质粒进行酶切检查,酶切图谱没有改变.DNA测序未见α-半乳糖苷酶基因变异.原代菌株及第20、40和60代菌株经诱导培养,其α-半乳糖苷酶表达水平、酶活力及菌体蛋白的SDS-PAGE图谱均无明显差异.说明α-半乳糖苷酶工程菌株在平板传代中具有良好的遗传稳定性     

DVS乳酸菌种菌株传代过程中遗传稳定性分析

目的：对从直投式酸奶发酵剂中分离出的乳酸菌菌株传代过程中的遗传稳定性进行分析。方法：观察传代培养过程中各个菌株在转管不同次数时的形态变化,用RAPD方法分析传代过程中转管不同次数的乳酸菌基因组的变化趋势,并用SDSPAGE对比转管不同次数乳酸菌的蛋白质表达的差异。结果：乳球菌在传代过程中转管不同次数时基因组和蛋白质表达均无变化;乳杆菌1^#在传代过程中转管不同次数时基因组基本无变化,蛋白质表达有变化;乳杆菌2^#在传代过程中转管不同次数时基因组和蛋白质表达均有变化。结论：采用RAPD、SDS-PAGE方法可以有效地对直投式酸奶发酵剂菌株传代过程中的遗传稳定性进行分析。     

斑马鱼干扰素基因工程菌发酵条件及稳定性研究

采用液体传代的方法,研究表达斑马鱼干扰素(IFN)工程菌株pRSET-B-zIFN的遗传稳定性,并对其发酵工艺进行了优化.结果表明,构建的工程菌株遗传稳定性良好,在没有选择压力的情况下,传代100次质粒稳定性仍然保持100%,菌落形态及生长情况与原代菌无明显区别,SDS-PAGE结果显示zIFN表达量无明显差异.发酵条件研究表明,工程菌在LB培养基中,接种量为1%,诱导剂终浓度为0.1 mmol/L,zIFN的表达量最高.     

重组别藻蓝蛋白β亚基（His-β~（APC））表达菌株遗传稳定性的研究

工程菌株的遗传稳定性在目的产物的生产应用中至关重要。为了确定工程菌株的遗传稳定性,通过对重组别藻蓝蛋白β亚基（His-βAPC）生产菌株E.coliJM109（DE23）/pET28α-βAPC进行了菌体生长量的测定,平板划线,质粒酶切,产物鉴定等研究,检验了该工程菌质粒的稳定性。通过实验得到如下结果：该工程菌株在没有抗生素选择压力下传代,质粒丢失率为5代6%,10代8%,15代9%,20代15%;该菌株经固体平板连续划线传代20次后,菌落大小和形态基本不变;质粒经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示该菌株携带的重组质粒目的片段在传代前后没有发生变化;经诱导培养后,His-βAPC在原代和第5、10、15和20代宿主菌中都可以表达,表达量没有明显差别,且表达产物在SDS-PAGE中的带型基本一致。以上结果表明,该工程菌质粒具有结构稳定性和分裂不稳定性。     

鸡γ-干扰素基因重组质粒在工程菌株中的稳定性研究

本文通过传代的方法研究了鸡γ-干扰素基因的重组质粒pET-ChIFN-γ在工程菌CH1中的遗传稳定性.结果表明重纽质粒在没有筛选压力下存在质粒不稳定性,100代时质粒稳定性只有69%.适当的筛选压力可以显著降低质粒的遗传不稳定性,100代时稳定性提高到95%.各代重组菌株在生长性能、质粒酶切图谱、蛋白表达等方面均保持一致,未见明显差异.生物活性检测原代和100代均达到1.0×105 IU/mL以上.以上结果表明重组质粒pET-ChIFN-γ在工程菌株CH1中具有良好的遗传稳定性,其质粒遗传不稳定性可由适当的筛选压力来控制.     

双歧杆菌的耐药性与质粒

目的：研究双歧杆菌的耐药性与质粒的关系。方法 对１７株５种来自微生态制剂的双歧杆菌进行抗生素药敏试验和质粒检测,利用溴化乙锭消除其质粒;比较质粒消除前后耐药性的改变。结果１７株双歧杆菌对氨基糖式类和多肽类抗生素呈强抗性;除１株短型双歧杆菌Ｂ１５７存有２．７Ｋｂ和５．６Ｋｂ两种质粒外,其余菌株均未质粒,消除后持粒的Ｂ１５７株菌对抗生素的敏感性并未改变。结论 此１７株双歧杆菌的耐药性与质粒无直接相关性     

表达NM23-H1/NDPK-A工程菌的遗传稳定性研究

目的:研究重组工程菌的遗传稳定性。方法:利用重组表达质粒pBVNM-H1转化宿主菌E.coli DH5α,筛选重组工程菌DH5α-pBVNM-H1。将新构建好的重组工程菌在无选择压力的条件下进行连续传代培养,比较菌落在LB(-)和LB(+)培养基上的生长状况,并对传代菌株目标蛋白的表达情况以及质粒数量和目的基因DNA进行电泳鉴定。结果:重组工程菌连续传代50次中,在LB(-)和LB(+)培养基上的生长状况相同,目标蛋白表达量无显著差异,质粒数量及目的基因DNA结构稳定。结论:重组工程菌DH5α-pBVNM-H1具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

含抑制素重组质粒的减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500遗传稳定性研究

为了分析研究含抑制素重组质粒pVAX-IS-asd(以下简写为pXAIS)的crp(cAMP受体蛋白)和asd(天冬氨酸β-半乳搪脱氢酶)基因双缺失猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500菌株的遗传稳定性.方法:将现有的无抗性抑制素重组表达质粒pXAIS转化入crp和asd基因双缺失猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500菌株(简称"空质粒株")中,得"含质粒株".将"含质粒株"细菌在无选择压力条件下传代培养50代.利用酶切鉴定方法,分析"含质粒株"细菌中抑制素pXA/S质粒的稳定性;利用PCR方法扩增菌株("含质粒株"和"空质粒株")保守序列中invA基因,分析各代细菌的invA基因稳定性;通过比较传代培养后各代细菌的生长图型,分析"含质粒株"细菌传代后的生长规律.结果表明,"含质粒株"细菌连续传代50次后,仍能检出pXAIS质粒和invA基因,而且生长规律与"空质粒株"没有明显差异.说明含pXAIS质粒的猪霍乱沙门氏菌crp和asd基因双缺失株具有良好的遗传稳定性.     

O139型霍乱菌苗生产用菌株93—3稳定性研究

Ｏ１３９型霍乱菌苗生产用菌株９３－３经过３０代连续传代,与原代菌株作比较,结果表明：该菌传代前后表型生物学特征（生长特性,生化反应,特异性血清学反应,耐药性等）,及遗传学特征（Ｇ＋Ｃｍｏｌ％测定）均未发现明显差异,证明该菌株具有较好的稳定性。     

黄芩与止痢灵对大肠杆菌R质粒消除作用的研究

本研究从中药黄芩与止痢灵为质粒消除剂,用携带Ｒ质粒的多重耐药性大肠杆菌Ｅ．Ｏ１０株为靶细菌,进行了体外Ｒ质粒消除作用的实验研究。同时,观察了黄芩与止痢灵联合应用对Ｒ质粒消除的影响。实验结果表明：黄芩和止痢灵对大肠杆菌携带的Ｒ质粒具有消除作用。其消除率为２．４２％和２．１４％。从Ｒ质粒的消除表型来看：单用黄芩或止痢灵,绝大多数消除了表现为单一耐药性的丢失。黄芩和止痢灵联合应用,其消除率可提高至１８．１４％。而且细菌不仅表现为单一耐药性的丢失,还表现对ＳＭ＋ＴＣ,ＡＰ＋ＴＣ多重耐药性的丢失。     

Characterization of Bacillus strains of marine origin.

A total of twenty aerobic endospore-forming bacilli, isolated from marine invertebrates and sea water of different areas of the Pacific Ocean, were taxonomically characterized. Most of the bacilli (11 strains) of marine origin belonged to the species Bacillus subtilis, according to their phenotypic characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and fatty acids patterns. A group of four alkaliphilic strains formed a separate cluster that was tentatively classified as B. horti. One isolate, KMM 1717, associated with a sponge from the Coral Sea was identified as B. pumilus. Two strains, Bacillus KMM 1916 and KMM 1918, showed antibiotic sensitivity profiles similar to B. licheniformis, but they had a distinct fatty acid composition and peculiar phenotypic traits. The taxonomic affiliation of KMM 1810 and KMM 1763 remained unclear since their fatty acid composition and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were not resembled with none of these obtained for Bacillus strains.     

Exogenous isolation of antibiotic resistance plasmids from piggery manure slurries reveals a high prevalence and diversity of IncQ-like plasmids

Antibiotic resistance plasmids were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with piggery manure bacteria as plasmid donors in Escherichia coli CV601 and Pseudomonas putida UWC1 recipients. Surprisingly, IncQ-like plasmids were detected by dot blot hybridization with an IncQ oriV probe in several P. putida UWC1 transconjugants. The capture of IncQ-like plasmids in biparental matings indicates not only their high prevalence in manure slurries but also the presence of efficiently mobilizing plasmids. In order to elucidate unusual hybridization data (weak or no hybridization with IncQ repB or IncQ oriT probes) four IncQ-like plasmids (pIE1107, pIE1115, pIE1120, and pIE1130), each representing a different EcoRV restriction pattern, were selected for a more thorough plasmid characterization after transfer into E. coli K-12 strain DH5alpha by transformation. The characterization of the IncQ-like plasmids revealed an astonishingly high diversity with regard to phenotypic and genotypic properties. Four different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were found to be conferred by the IncQ-like plasmids. The plasmids could be mobilized by the RP4 derivative pTH10 into Acinetobacter sp., Ralstonia eutropha, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and P. putida, but they showed diverse patterns of stability under nonselective growth conditions in different host backgrounds. Incompatibility testing and PCR analysis clearly revealed at least two different types of IncQ-like plasmids. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different manure samples and other environments indicated the prevalence of both types of IncQ plasmids in manure, sewage, and farm soil. These findings suggest that IncQ plasmids play an important role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.     

常见4种微生态制剂菌种产淀粉酶的比较

目的 探索常见4种微生态制剂菌种地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌和纳豆芽胞杆菌产生淀粉酶的能力,以筛选和研制动物微生态制剂和饲料添加剂的使用菌种。方法 将各菌种接于淀粉酶试验培养基,培养后滴加稀碘溶液,观察透明圈,判定产酶能力。结果 地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌和纳豆芽胞杆菌都能产生淀粉酶,以蜡样芽胞杆菌产生的淀粉酶较多。结论 4种常见芽胞杆菌产淀粉酶能力依次为：蜡样芽胞杆菌＞纳豆芽胞杆菌＞枯草芽胞杆菌＞地衣芽胞杆菌。     

Isolation and characterization of four plasmids from Bacillus subtilis.

Nineteen Bacillus subtilis isolates obtained from type culture collections were examined for the presence of covalently closed circular duplex deoxyribonucleic acid molecules by the technique of cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation. Four of the 19 strains tested carried covalently closed circular molecules. Two of these strains (IFO3022, IFO3215) harbored a similar plasmid with a molecular weight of 5.4 X 10(6). The other two strains (IAM1232, IAM1261) carried 4.9 C 10(6)-and 5.3 X 10(6)-dalton plasmids, respectively. These plasmid-harboring strains did not show phenotypic traits such as antibiotic resistance orbacteriocin production. The plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids were digested by three restriction endonucleases, EcoRI, HindIII, and BamNI, and were classified into three different types from their electrophoretic patterns in agarose gels.     

The Acquisition of Indigenous Plasmids by a Genetically Marked Pseudomonad Population Colonizing the Sugar Beet Phytosphere Is Related to Local Environmental Conditions

The transfer of naturally occurring conjugative plasmids from the indigenous microflora to a genetically modified population of bacteria colonizing the phytospheres of plants has been observed. The marked strain (Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25EeZY6KX) was introduced as a seed dressing to sugar beets (Beta vulgaris var. Amethyst) as part of a field experiment to assess the ecology and genetic stability of deliberately released bacterial inocula. The sustained populations of the introduced strain, which colonized the phytosphere, were assessed throughout the growing season for the acquisition of plasmids conferring mercury resistance (Hg(supr)). Transconjugants were isolated only from root and leaf samples collected within a narrow temporal window coincident with the midseason maturation of the crop. Conjugal-transfer events were recorded during this defined period in two separate field release experiments conducted over consecutive years. On one occasion seven of nine individual plants sampled supported transconjugant P. fluorescens SBW25EeZY6KX, demonstrating that conjugative gene transfer between bacterial populations in the phytosphere may be a common event under specific environmental conditions. The plasmids acquired in situ by the colonizing inocula were identified as natural variants of restriction digest pattern group I, III, or IV plasmids from five genetically distinct groups of large, conjugative mercury resistance plasmids known to persist in the phytospheres of sugar beets at the field site. These data demonstrate not only that gene transfer may be a common event but also that the genetic and phenotypic stability of inocula released into the natural environment cannot be predicted.     

Comparative study of the symbiotic plasmid DNA in free living bacteria and bacteroids of Rhizobium leguminosarum

Plasmids pIM13, pT127 and pBC16 delta 1, introduced by transformation into Clostridium acetobutylicum N1-4081, were shown to replicate in, and to confer antibiotic resistance upon this new host. Recombinant plasmids were constructed by inserting erythromycin-resistant plasmid pIM13 into the unique ClaI site of pBR322 or by ligating a tetracycline-resistant determinant of plasmid pT127 to HindIII-linearized pIM13. The hybrid plasmids replicated and expressed erythromycin resistance in C. acetobutylicum strain N1-4081 and in Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis, indicating that they might be useful as shuttle vectors for transferring genes between these strains. The efficiency and stability of different replicons in C. acetobutylicum were compared.     

Enhancement of bacterial competitive fitness by apramycin resistance plasmids from non-pathogenic Escherichia coli

The study of antibiotic resistance has in the past focused on organisms that are pathogenic to humans or animals. However, the development of resistance in commensal organisms is of concern because of possible transfer of resistance genes to zoonotic pathogens. Conjugative plasmids are genetic elements capable of such transfer and are traditionally thought to engender a fitness burden on host bacteria. In this study, conjugative apramycin resistance plasmids isolated from newborn calves were characterized. Calves were raised on a farm that had not used apramycin or related aminoglycoside antibiotics for at least 20 months prior to sampling. Of three apramycin resistance plasmids, one was capable of transfer at very high rates and two were found to confer fitness advantages on new Escherichia coli hosts. This is the first identification of natural plasmids isolated from commensal organisms that are able to confer a fitness advantage on a new host. This work indicates that reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in commensal organisms might not decrease if antibiotic usage is halted.     

Syntheses and Flavors of Four Possible Optical Isomers of Marmelo Lactones

We have isolated a tetracycline-resistant (Tc^r) Bacillus species (named HE-1) which carries multiple plasmids. HE-1 was identified as Bacillus cereus and found to bear four plasmids. Tetracycline resistance could be attributed to one of four plasmids (designated as pTIT β2 (4.7 kb)) indistinguishable from pBC16, a Tc^r plasmid formerly found in B. cereus [K. Bernhard, H. Schrempf, and W. Goebel, J. Bacteriol., 133, 897 (1978)]. All the other three plasmids (named pTITα (4.0 kb), pTIT β1 (4.7 kb) and pTIT γ (12.4 kb)) were cryptic and did not correlate with bacterial phenotypic traits such as antibiotic resistance or antibiotic and bacteriocin production. B. cereus HE-1 also showed resistance to penicillin, but this seemed very likely to be chromosomally determined in B. cereus. Of interest was the fact that pTITα, pTIT β1, and pTITγ had a noticeable DNA homology among them in blot hybridization. pTIT β2 alone did not shared sequence homology with the other three plasmids.     

Exogenous Isolation of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids from Piggery Manure Slurries Reveals a High Prevalence and Diversity of IncQ-Like Plasmids

Antibiotic resistance plasmids were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with piggery manure bacteria as plasmid donors in Escherichia coli CV601 and Pseudomonas putida UWC1 recipients. Surprisingly, IncQ-like plasmids were detected by dot blot hybridization with an IncQ oriV probe in several P. putida UWC1 transconjugants. The capture of IncQ-like plasmids in biparental matings indicates not only their high prevalence in manure slurries but also the presence of efficiently mobilizing plasmids. In order to elucidate unusual hybridization data (weak or no hybridization with IncQ repB or IncQ oriT probes) four IncQ-like plasmids (pIE1107, pIE1115, pIE1120, and pIE1130), each representing a different EcoRV restriction pattern, were selected for a more thorough plasmid characterization after transfer into E. coli K-12 strain DH5α by transformation. The characterization of the IncQ-like plasmids revealed an astonishingly high diversity with regard to phenotypic and genotypic properties. Four different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were found to be conferred by the IncQ-like plasmids. The plasmids could be mobilized by the RP4 derivative pTH10 into Acinetobacter sp., Ralstonia eutropha, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and P. putida, but they showed diverse patterns of stability under nonselective growth conditions in different host backgrounds. Incompatibility testing and PCR analysis clearly revealed at least two different types of IncQ-like plasmids. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different manure samples and other environments indicated the prevalence of both types of IncQ plasmids in manure, sewage, and farm soil. These findings suggest that IncQ plasmids play an important role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.