北衙金矿矿区可培养细菌多样性初步研究

目的 对北衙金矿矿区样品中的可培养细菌进行分离并对其多样性进行研究.方法 采集云南北衙金矿矿区土样和矿石样,采用固体肉汤培养基、卵黄培养基及PYGV培养基分离矿区环境可培养细菌,并利用16S rRNA基因序列分析构建系统发育树,初步评估细菌多样性.结果 北衙金矿矿区环境细菌的主要种群包括厚壁菌门和放线菌门的不同菌属:芽胞杆菌、微杆菌属、考克菌属、葡萄球菌属及节杆菌属的菌株,其中抗逆境较强的优势菌群为放线菌门的细菌.结论 本研究初步证实北衙金矿矿区可培养细菌种类丰富.     

云南省富宁磁铁矿矿区可培养细菌多样性初步研究

目的对云南富宁磁铁矿矿区样品中可培养细菌进行分离并对其多样性进行了初步研究。方法采集云南富宁磁铁矿矿区土样和矿石样,采用固体肉汤培养基、卵黄培养基及PYGV培养基分离该矿区环境中的可培养细菌,利用16SrRNA基因序列分析构建系统发育树,并统计不同种属细菌的数量,初步评估细菌多样性。结果富宁磁铁矿矿区环境细菌的主要种群包括厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门的不同菌属：芽孢杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、节杆菌属和假单胞菌属的菌株,其中抗逆性较强的优势菌群为厚壁菌门的芽孢杆菌。结论本研究初步表明富宁磁铁矿矿区可培养细菌种类具有一定的多样性。     

北衙金矿矿石内部可培养细菌多样性初步研究

目的对北衙金矿矿石样品内部的可培养细菌进行分离并对其多样性进行研究。方法采集云南北衙金矿矿石样品,采用固体肉汤培养基、卵黄培养基及厌氧琼脂培养基分离矿石内部的可培养细菌,并利用16SrRNA基因序列构建系统发育树,初步评估细菌多样性。结果北衙金矿矿石内部细菌的主要种群包括厚壁菌门和放线菌门的不同菌属,包括芽孢杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、考克菌属及节杆菌属的菌株,其中抗逆性较强的优势菌群为放线菌门的细菌。结论本研究证实北衙金矿矿石内部的确存在大量可培羔±田萧．并且右种群名样件．     

云南兰坪铅锌矿区细菌多样性研究

目的研究云南省兰坪铅锌矿区矿石样品中的细菌群落结构。方法构建细菌16S rRNA高变区基因文库。结果矿石内部细菌种类丰富多样,文库测序结果表明矿石样品中细菌分属于4个门,27个属;其中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）类群是优势种群,占所有细菌总克隆数的51.7%,而且大多数属于γ-变形菌纲亚群。各克隆序列分析结果表明,其中部分细菌序列与已报道物种的相似性较低。结论表明云南省兰坪铅锌矿矿石样品中可能存在新的细菌种类。     

广东南岭森林土壤中可培养细菌多样性

广东南岭森林土壤中蕴藏着丰富的生物资源,但对其中的可培养细菌种类仍缺乏系统了解。本研究采用贫营养型的R2A培养基和富营养型的TSA培养基对南岭森林土壤中细菌进行了分离,获得细菌408株,分别从属于厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门的35属。其中的优势类群为厚壁菌门,占分离总数量的71%。在属水平,芽胞杆菌及其近缘属为优势类群。除芽胞杆菌外,假单胞菌、伯克霍尔德氏菌、草酸杆菌科Collimonas属和罗丹诺杆菌科Dyella属是分离获得的主要类群。R2A培养基在分离革兰氏阴性的变形菌门菌株方面表现出一定的偏好性,而TSA培养基分离得到的更多为快速生长的芽胞杆菌及其近缘的革兰氏阳性细菌。发现了15属的菌株具有一定的水解酶活性,大多表现出对淀粉和牛奶的水解活性,对有机磷的水解性能优于对无机磷的水解。降解纤维素的菌株则主要集中于芽胞杆菌及其近缘属中。发现了潜在新物种26株,分布于芽胞杆菌、Dyella、类芽孢杆菌等9属中。本研究仅使用了两种营养类型的培养基,进一步借助培养组学技术有望能更加全面反映南岭森林土壤中的可培养微生物多样性。     

冷箭竹根际土壤中可培养细菌的多样性

为了解冷箭竹(Bashania fangiana)根际土壤中可培养细菌的多样性,2006年5月从四川卧龙自然保护区冷箭竹根际土壤中共分离出50株具不同菌落形态的细菌.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明:50株菌分属于10个属26个种.27株属于变形菌门γ亚群(Gammaproteobaeteria)(42.3%)、9株属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(26.9%)、4株属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(15.4%)、6株属于变形菌门β亚群(Betaproteobacteria)(7.7%)、3株属于变形菌门α亚群(Alphaproteobacteria)(3.9%),1株与土地杆菌属(Pedobacter)关系密切.假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌属.2株菌为可能的新种或属.研究表明冷箭竹根际土壤中含有较为丰富的微生物多样性.     

杭州市西湖景区春季空气细菌多样性特征

选取了杭州市西湖景区4个典型样点,利用高通量测序方法研究了其空气细菌多样性特征。结果表明,在细菌门水平上,各样点优势细菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其总相对含量在断桥残雪(MSBB)、柳浪闻莺(OSW)、宝石流霞(PSHFRC)和三潭印月(TPMM)分别为88.31%、86.03%、85.06%和89.28%,且不同样点优势菌群存在一定的差异,OSW和TPMM厚壁菌门分别占9.65%和11.6%,拟杆菌门分别占6.86%和5.55%,MSBB和PSHFRC拟杆菌门分别占7.31%和7.86%,厚壁菌门分别占7.09%和5.32%。在细菌属水平上,各样点优势菌属及含量差异显著,MSBB、TPMM、OSW和PSHFRC相对含量最高的菌属分别为马赛菌属(Massilia)、两面神菌属(Janibacter)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium),分别占6.22%、6.45%、6.05%和11.5%,各样点相对含量高于2%的细菌属有鞘氨醇单胞菌属、甲基杆菌属、薄层菌属(Hymenobacter)和异常球菌属(Deinococcus),这些菌属是西湖景区各样点共有的优势菌群;通过空气细菌OTU及多样性分析可知,MSBB空气细菌丰富度较高,均匀度较低,而PSHFRC丰富度较低,均匀度较高。杭州西湖景区不同样点空气细菌群落特征差异显著,且其丰富度和均匀度明显不同。     

基于454焦磷酸测序分析虾夷扇贝外套膜菌群多样性

运用454焦磷酸测序技术分析了健康虾夷扇贝和缺刻症状虾夷扇贝外套膜细菌多样性,分别从健康和缺刻虾夷扇贝样品中获得20872和16333条有效序列.结果表明： 缺刻虾夷扇贝样品菌群丰度和多样性分别高于健康虾夷扇贝样品;两个样品中细菌可以分为8个门,即变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门、浮霉菌门、螺旋体门和柔膜菌门,其中前7个门类的细菌在健康和缺刻虾夷扇贝样品中均有分布;在健康虾夷扇贝样品中,变形菌门占绝对优势,占整个菌群的97.7%,次优势类群厚壁菌门占0.8%;缺刻虾夷扇贝样品中,优势类群为厚壁菌门,占整个菌群的52.2%,次优势类群变形菌门占47.7%.     

牛蒡根际可培养细菌多样性和镉耐性初步分析

从牛蒡根际土壤中分离可培养细菌,进行多样性分析,并对镉耐受性菌株进行筛选及其抗性和种群多样性进行了分析。限制性内切酶多态性分析显示,分离的菌株可分为9个操作分类单元(OUT),分别属于变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门,分属于6个科,9个属,其中隶属于肠杆菌属、芽胞杆菌属和假单胞菌属的是优势物种。分离到的耐镉菌株分别属于Bacillus subtilis、Enterobacter aerogenes、Enterobacter ludwigi、Klebsiellasp.、Pectobacterium carotovorum、Pseudomonassp.,而Pectobacterium carotovorumNP22、Enterobacter ludwigii NP23、Pseudomonassp.NP39三菌株可在Cd2+浓度为400 mg/L固体培养基上生长。     

中国南海沉积环境可培养细菌多样性研究

【目的】探索海洋沉积环境中可培养细菌的多样性。【方法】采用纯培养分离及16S rRNA基因序列鉴定的方法,对我国南海海域20个沉积物样品进行细菌多样性分析。【结果】共获得200株细菌,分属于47个属,99个种。经系统进化分析,可培养菌株主要分布于4个类群:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),优势类群为Firmicutes,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)所占比例为55.6%;而Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes两个类群获得菌株较少;在Firmicutes和Actinobacteria两个类群中发现8个潜在新种和3个潜在新属级类群。【结论】初步研究结果表明,南海海洋沉积环境可培养微生物资源丰富,新物种资源多样;其中,芽孢杆菌为海洋沉积环境中的优势类群,随着样品深度的增加,细菌多样性呈现递减的趋势,深度可能是影响细菌多样性的一个重要因素;其次,分离培养基和分离方法直接关系到样品中可培养微生物多样性的发现,有待深入研究。     

云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌多样性的研究

对云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)资源进行了调查,从32种植物的83个根际土壤样本中分离鉴定出5属36种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 5种、内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 1种、球囊霉属Glomus 24种及盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 4种。球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属为金顶铅锌矿区中丛枝菌根真菌的优势属,沃克球囊霉Glomus walkeri是我国的新记录种。近明球囊霉Glomus claroideum、明球囊霉G.clarum、缩球囊霉G.constrictium、地球囊霉G.geosporum、摩西球囊霉G.mossaea、膨胀球囊霉G.pansihalos和疣突球囊霉G.verruculosum是金顶铅锌矿区的优势种;金顶铅锌矿区土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的孢子密度为495-11175个/100g土,平均3368±291(SE,标准误差)个/100g土,每种植物根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的物种丰富度为2-20种,平均11.5种;金顶铅锌矿区植物根际土壤中较高的AMF孢子密度和物种丰富度说明AMF对重金属污染具有较强的抗(耐受)性。     

Identification of culturable bacteria present in haemodialysis water and fluid

Water used to prepare haemodialysis fluid is not sterile, and its microbiological control is important for the prevention of haemodialysis-associated illness. Bacterial populations inhabiting a distribution system for haemodialysis water were studied over an 18-month period. 203 planktonic bacteria isolated on R2A medium were identified by restriction analysis and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. A diverse bacterial community was detected, containing predominantly Gram-negative members of the Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, as well as representatives of the genus Mycobacterium. Ecological and clinical consequences are discussed: bacteria from the genera Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas have been described in the build-up of biofilms, and others like Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium or Brevibacterium may represent a health risk to patients under haemodialysis treatment.     

美洲大蠊成虫肠道可培养细菌多样性研究

【目的】了解美洲大蠊成虫肠道可培养细菌的多样性。【方法】运用纯培养法、数值分类和16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对样品中可培养细菌多样性进行研究。【结果】从NA培养基中分离得到54株细菌,根据形态观察和部分生理生化特性,选取32个代表性菌株进行16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明,数值分类中的代表菌株在82%相似水平上可分为12个表观群;这些分离菌株代表20个物种,属于4个大的系统发育类群(Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria)的10个科、15个属。多数菌株属于Proteobacteria门(15株,占46.9%)和Bacteroidetes门(10株,占31.3%)。【结论】美洲大蠊成虫肠道内存在较为丰富的细菌多样性。     

Phylogenetic and phenotypic diversity of 4-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria isolated from soils

Twenty numerically dominant 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CBA)-degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soils. The isolates were able to utilize 4-CBA as a sole source of carbon and energy. A total of 65% of the isolates was identified to the species level by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, and the isolates were strains of Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Oerskovia, Cellulomonas, and Arthrobacter species. The chromosomal DNA patterns of the isolates obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences were distinct from each other. Most of the isolates grew rapidly in 4-CBA medium, but their substrate utilization capabilities were generally restricted. Plasmid DNAs were detected from 55% of the isolates, and one strain, HR7, was shown to have self-transmissible, 4-CBA degradative plasmids. 4-CBA degradative enzymes were inducible by the presence of 4-CBA and most of the isolates appeared to mineralize it through 4-hydroxybenzoate rather than 4-chlorocatechol.     

Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with ascidians in Eel Pond (Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA)

Recent studies have revealed that many marine invertebrates are closely associated with diverse microorganisms, frequently resulting in the production of compounds of biomedical interest. Thus far, ascidians have not been widely examined for the presence of bacterial associations, although the production of secondary metabolites is well documented. In the present study, we examined the gonad of Molgula manhattensis and the tunic surfaces of Botryllus schlosseri, Didemnum sp., and Botrylloides violaceus for the presence of associated bacteria. These ascidians are common inhabitants of the coastal ocean of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as well as cloning and sequencing of 16S rDNA to analyze the microbial communities. There is a strong evidence that spiroplasma-like bacteria colonize the gonad of the solitary ascidian M. manhattensis. The bacteria might be vertically transmitted and may be involved in the production of secondary metabolites that deter predators of the ascidians. The bacterial communities found on the tunic surfaces of the colonial ascidians were found to be more diverse. However, in all cases the bacterial communities were predominated by alpha-proteobacteria. Alpha-proteobacteria related to the obtained sequences have been identified as symbionts in a variety of hosts, suggesting a specific role for these bacteria. However, based on our data it is difficult to differentiate between persistently and only transiently associated bacteria. Overall, this study demonstrates that ascidian species are associated with diverse bacterial populations. Future studies will aim to elucidate the precise relationships between bacteria and ascidians and to identify bioactive compounds that might be produced as a result of these relationships.