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1.
Jeffery D. Ray James R. Smith Earl Taliercio Felix B. Fritschi 《Journal of Plant Biology》2012,55(1):26-32
The potential for global warming and climate change has increased the focus of research on plant genes that respond to high
temperatures. Previous research identified a temperature-sensitive miniature soybean mutant that was controlled by a single
gene. The objectives of our research were to confirm the single-gene control and to determine the genomic location of this
gene. Segregation of the combined progeny of four BC6F5 plants heterozygous for the miniature trait in a Tracy-M background confirmed that the trait was conditioned by a single
gene (1:2:1, χ
2 = 4.38, P = 0.1120). Molecular marker analysis identified three SSR markers and a SNP marker on molecular linkage group B2 (chromosome
14) associated with segregation for the miniature trait. One of these, marker Satt560, co-segregated perfectly with the miniature
trait. The data from these four polymorphic markers indicated that the gene conditioning this miniature phenotype is at or
near Satt560. Given this newly identified location of the gene and the recently published soybean genomic sequence, it may
be feasible to isolate the gene and determine its mechanism of action in responding to temperature. Such knowledge may be
of use in understanding how plants respond to increased temperature. 相似文献
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3.
Hai Ping Hong Hongyi Zhang Paula Olhoft Steve Hill Hunt Wiley Effie Toren Helke Hillebrand Todd Jones Ming Cheng 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):558-568
A regeneration and transformation system has been developed using organogenic calluses derived from soybean axillary nodes
as the starting explants. Leaf-node or cotyledonary-node explants were prepared from 7 to 8-d-old seedlings. Callus was induced
on medium containing either Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts or modified Finer and Nagasawa (FNL) salts and B5 vitamins with
various concentrations of benzylamino purine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). The combination of BA and TDZ had a synergistic effect
on callus induction. Shoot differentiation from the callus occurred once the callus was transferred to medium containing a
low concentration of BA. Subsequently, shoots were elongated on medium containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside,
and gibberellic acid (GA). Plant regeneration from callus occurred 90 ∼ 120 d after the callus was cultured on shoot induction
medium. Both the primary callus and the proliferated callus were used as explants for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The calluses were inoculated with A. tumefaciens harboring a binary vector with the bar gene as the selectable marker gene and the gusINT gene for GUS expression. Usually 60–100% of the callus showed transient GUS expression 5 d after inoculation. Infected
calluses were then selected on media amended with various concentrations of glufosinate. Transgenic soybean plants have been
regenerated and established in the greenhouse. GUS expression was exhibited in various tissues and plant organs, including
leaf, stem, and roots. Southern and T1 plant segregation analysis of transgenic events showed that transgenes were integrated into the soybean genome with a copy
number ranging from 1–5 copies. 相似文献
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5.
Yasuyuki Yoshimura 《Journal of plant research》2011,124(1):109-114
Although genetically modified (GM) soybean has never been cultivated commercially in Japan, it is essential to set up the
isolation distance required to prevent out-crossing between GM and conventional soybean in preparation for any future possibility
of pollen transfer. The airborne soybean pollen was sampled using some Durham pollen samplers located in the range of 20 m
from the field edge. In addition, the dispersal distance was assessed in a wind tunnel under constant air flow and then it
was compared with the anticipated distances based on the pollen diameter. In the field, the maximum pollen density per day
observed was 1.235 grains cm−2 day−1 at three observation points within 2.5 m from the field and inside the field the mean density did not reach the rate of 1
grain cm−2 day−1 during 19 flowering days. The results of the wind tunnel experiment also showed that the plants had almost no airborne release
of pollen and the dispersal distance was shorter than theoretical value due to clustered dispersal. This study showed little
airborne pollen in and around the soybean field and the dispersal is restricted to a small area. Therefore, wind-mediated
pollination appears to be negligible. 相似文献
6.
Although light is the ultimate substrate in photosynthesis, strong light can also be harmful and lead to photoinhibition. The DEG proteases play important roles in the degradation of misfolded and damaged proteins. In this study, two photoinhibition-related genes from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], GmDeg1 and GmDeg2, were cloned. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these two proteases both contain a PDZ domain and are serine proteases. The expression levels of GmDeg1 and GmDeg2 increased significantly after 12 h of photooxidation treatment, indicating that GmDeg1 and GmDeg2 might play protective roles under strong light conditions. In in vitro proteolytic degradation assays, recombinant GmDeg1 and GmDeg2 demonstrated biological activities at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C and at pH 5.0 to 8.0. By contrast, the proteases showed no proteolytic effect in the presence of a serine protease inhibitor. Taken together, these results provided strong evidence that GmDeg1 and GmDeg2 are serine proteases that could degrade the model substrate in vitro, indicating that they might degrade damaged D1 protein and other mis-folded proteins in vivo. Furthermore, GmDeg1 and GmDeg2 were transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana to obtain transgenic plants. Leaves from the transgenic and wild-type plants were subjected to strong light conditions in vitro, and the PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was measured. The Fv/Fm of the transgenic plants was significantly higher than that of the wild-type plants at most time points. These results imply that GmDeg1 and GmDeg2 would have similar functions to Arabidopsis AtDeg1, thus accelerating the recovery of PSII photochemical efficiency. 相似文献
7.
To investigate the biocontrol effectiveness of the antibiotic producing bacterium, Pseudomonas aureofaciens 63–28 against the phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 on Petri plates and in soybean roots, growth response and induction of PR-proteins were estimated after inoculation
with P. aureofaciens 63–28 (P), with R. solani AG-4 (R), or with P. aureofaciens 63–28 + R. solani AG-4 (P + R). P. aureofaciens 63–28 showed strong antifungal activity against R. solani AG-4 pathogens in Petri plates. Treatment with P. aureofaciens 63–28 alone increased the emergence rate, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight at 7 days after inoculation,
when compared to R. solani AG-4; P + R treatment showed similar effects. Peroxidase (POD) and β-1,3-glucanase activity of P. aureofaciens 63–28 treated roots increased by 41.1 and 49.9%, respectively, compared to control roots. POD was 26% greater in P + R treated
roots than R. solani treated roots. Two POD isozymes (59 and 27 kDa) were strongly induced in P + R treated roots. The apparent molecular weight
of chitinase from treated roots, as determined through SDS-PAGE separation and comparison with standards, was about 29 kDa.
Five β-1,3-glucanase isozymes (80, 70, 50, 46 and 19 kDa) were observed in all treatments. These results suggest that inoculation
of soybean plants with P. aureofaciens 63–28 elevates plant growth inhibition by R. solani AG-4 and activates PR-proteins, potentially through induction of systemic resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
8.
Dirk V. Charlson Sandeep Bhatnagar C. Andy King Jeffery D. Ray Clay H. Sneller Thomas E. CarterJr. Larry C. Purcell 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(4):587-594
As water demand for agriculture exceeds water availability, cropping systems need to become more efficient in water usage,
such as deployment of cultivars that sustain yield under drought conditions. Soybean cultivars differ in how quickly they
wilt during water-deficit stress, and this trait may lead to yield improvement during drought. The objective of this study
was to determine the genetic mechanism of canopy wilting in soybean using a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines
(RILs) derived from a cross between KS4895 and Jackson. Canopy wilting was rated in three environments using a rating scale
of 0 (no wilting) to 100 (severe wilting and plant death). Transgressive segregation was observed for the RIL population with
the parents expressing intermediate wilting scores. Using multiple-loci analysis, four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on molecular
linkage groups (MLGs) A2, B2, D2, and F were detected (P ≤ 0.05), which collectively accounted for 47% of the phenotypic variation of genotypic means over all three environments.
An analysis of the data by state revealed that 44% of the observed phenotypic variation in the Arkansas environments could
be accounted for by these QTLs. Only the QTL on MLG F was detected at North Carolina where it accounted for 16% of the phenotypic
variation. These results demonstrate that the genetic mechanism controlling canopy wilting was polygenic and environmentally
sensitive and provide a foundation for future research to examine the importance of canopy wilting in drought tolerance of
soybean. 相似文献
9.
Min Song Xiangyong Peng Caifu Du Lei Lei Tao Zhang Yang Xiang 《Genes & genomics.》2017,39(10):1095-1106
Prohibitins (PHBs) have one SPFH domain in common and present in species ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Although a number of researches on PHBs were performed in different plant species, a systematic analysis of the PHB family in soybean is still remains uncharacterized. In the present study, 24 putative PHB genes have been first systemically identified in soybean. According to phylogenetic analysis, these GmPHBs could be classified into four groups. Gene structures and motif patterns showed high levels of conservation within the phylogenetic subgroups. Several members of this family have undergone purifying selection based on Ka/Ks analysis on duplicated PHB genes in soybean. We performed microsynteny analysis across four legume species based on the comparisons among the specific regions contained in PHB genes. As a result, numerous microsyntenic gene pairs among soybean, Medicago, Lotus and Phaseolus were identified. Most soybean PHB genes exhibited different expression levels in various tissues and developmental stages through expression analysis using publicly available RNA-seq datasets. The 11 GmPHB genes from III_B subgroup were examined by qPCR for their expression in two soybean cultivar after infection by Phytophthora sojae. Besides three GmPHB genes previous reported by us, here other four genes also were rapidly induced by P. sojae infection in the resistant genotype, while induction was very weak in the susceptible genotype. The comprehensive overview of the PHB gene family in soybean genome will provide useful information for further functional analysis of the PHB gene family in soybean. 相似文献
10.
We investigated the properties of a galactosyltransferase (GalT) that is involved in the synthesis of -(14)-galactan side chains of pectins. A membrane preparation of etiolated 6-day-old soybean (Glycine max Merr.) hypocotyls transferred [14C]Gal from UDP-[14C]Gal into intact and partially hydrolyzed lupin -(14)-galactans of various chain lengths as exogenous acceptors, while activity to endogenous acceptors was negligible. Maximal activity occurred at pH 6.5 and 20–25°C in the presence of 25 mM Mn2+ and 0.75% Triton X-100. The transfer reaction onto the unmodified commercial pectic galactan (M
r>150,000) from lupin we used was very low but increased when the M
r of the galactan was reduced by partial acid hydrolysis. Among the partially hydrolyzed galactans, high-M
r (average M
r 60,000) -(14)-galactan was a more efficient acceptor [specific activity 2,000–3,000 pmol min–1 (mg protein)–1] than low-M
r (average M
r 10,000 and 5,000) polymers. Digestion of the radiolabeled product from high-M
r galactan with endo--(14)-galactanase released mainly radioactive -(14)-galactobiose and Gal, indicating that the transfer of [14C]Gal occurred through -(14)-linkages. HPLC analysis showed that the enzyme also catalyzes incorporation of Gal into pyridylaminated (PA) -(14)-galactooligomers with degree of polymerization at least 5. Gal7-PA chains were elongated by attachment of one, two, or three Gal residues leading to the formation of Gal8–10-PA.Abbreviations
AGP
Arabinogalactan-protein
-
Ara
Arabinose
-
DP
Degree of polymerization
-
GalA
Galacturonic acid
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Gal
n
-PA
Pyridylaminated -(14)-galactooligosaccharides
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GalT
Galactosyltransferase
-
MALDI–TOF–MS
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
-
Rha
Rhamnose
Sugars described in this paper belong to the d-series unless otherwise noted 相似文献
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12.
Yanbo Cheng Qibin Ma Hailong Ren Qiuju Xia Enliang Song Zhiyuan Tan Shuxian Li Gengyun Zhang Hai Nian 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2017,130(5):1041-1051
Key message
Using a combination of phenotypic screening, genetic and statistical analyses, and high-throughput genome-wide sequencing, we have finely mapped a dominant Phytophthora resistance gene in soybean cultivar Wayao.Abstract
Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by Phytophthora sojae is one of the most important soil-borne diseases in many soybean-production regions in the world. Identification of resistant gene(s) and incorporating them into elite varieties are an effective way for breeding to prevent soybean from being harmed by this disease. Two soybean populations of 191 F2 individuals and 196 F7:8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed to map Rps gene by crossing a susceptible cultivar Huachun 2 with the resistant cultivar Wayao. Genetic analysis of the F2 population indicated that PRR resistance in Wayao was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily named RpsWY, which was mapped on chromosome 3. A high-density genetic linkage bin map was constructed using 3469 recombination bins of the RILs to explore the candidate genes by the high-throughput genome-wide sequencing. The results of genotypic analysis showed that the RpsWY gene was located in bin 401 between 4466230 and 4502773 bp on chromosome 3 through line 71 and 100 of the RILs. Four predicted genes (Glyma03g04350, Glyma03g04360, Glyma03g04370, and Glyma03g04380) were found at the narrowed region of 36.5 kb in bin 401. These results suggest that the high-throughput genome-wide resequencing is an effective method to fine map PRR candidate genes.13.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for seed size traits in soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> L. Merr.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xu Y Li HN Li GJ Wang X Cheng LG Zhang YM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,122(3):581-594
Seed size traits in soybean—length, width and thickness—and their corresponding ratios—length-to-width, length-to-thickness
and width-to-thickness—play a crucial role in determining seed appearance, quality and yield. In this study, an attempt was
made to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the aforementioned seed size traits in F2:3, F2:4 and F2:5 populations from the direct and reciprocal crosses of Lishuizhongzihuang with Nannong 493-1, using multi-QTL joint analysis
(MJA) along with composite interval mapping (CIM). A total of 121 main-effect QTL (M-QTL), six environmental effects, eight
environment-by-QTL interactions, five cytoplasmic effects and 92 cytoplasm-by-QTL interactions were detected. Fifty-two common
M-QTL across MJA and CIM, 21 common M-QTL in more than two populations and 5 M-QTL in all three populations showed the stability
of the results. Five M-QTL had higher heritability, greater than 20%. In addition, 28 cytoplasm-by-QTL and 4 environment-by-QTL
interactions were confirmed by CIM. Most M-QTL were clustered in eight chromosomal regions. Our results provide a good foundation
for fine mapping, cloning and designed molecular breeding of favorable genes related to soybean seed size traits. 相似文献
14.
Alkesh Hada Veda Krishnan M. S. Mohamed Jaabir Archana Kumari Monica Jolly Shelly Praveen Archana Sachdev 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2018,54(6):672-688
In the present study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean) cv. DS-9712 using half-seed explants was optimized for eight different parameters, including seed imbibition, medium pH, infection mode (sonication and vacuum infiltration), co-cultivation conditions, concentrations of supplementary compounds, and selection. Using this improved protocol, maximum transformation of 14% and regeneration efficiencies of 45% were achieved by using explants prepared from mature seeds imbibed for 36 h, infected with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 at an optical density (OD600) of 0.8, suspended in pH 5.4 medium containing 0.2 mM acetosyringone and 450 mg L?1 L-cysteine, followed by sonication for 10 s, vacuum infiltration for 2 min, and co-cultivated for 3 d on 35 mg L?1 kanamycin-containing medium. Independent transgenic lines were confirmed to be transgenic after ß-glucuronidase histochemical assays, polymerase chain reaction, and southern hybridization analysis. The protocol developed in the present study showed high regeneration efficiency within a relatively short time of 76 d. This rapid and efficient protocol might overcome some hurdles associated with the genetic manipulation of soybean. 相似文献
15.
AR Torres G Kaschuk GP Saridakis M Hungria 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2012,28(4):1831-1835
Brazil has succeeded in sustaining production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by relying mainly on symbiotic N2 fixation, thanks to the selection and use in inoculants of very effective strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii. It is desirable that rhizobial strains used in inoculants have stable genetic and physiological traits, but experience confirms
that rhizobial strains nodulating soybean often lose competitiveness in the field. In this study, soybean cultivar BR 16 was
single-inoculated with four B. japonicum strains (CIAT 88, CIAT 89, CIAT 104 and CIAT 105) under aseptic conditions. Forty colonies were isolated from nodules produced
by each strain. The progenitor strains, the isolates and four other commercially recommended strains were applied separately
to the same cultivar under controlled greenhouse conditions. We observed significant variability in nodulation, shoot dry
weight, shoot total N, nodule efficiency (total N mass over nodule mass) and BOX-PCR fingerprinting profiles between variant
and progenitor strains. Some variant strains resulted in significantly larger responses in terms of shoot total N, dry weight
and nodule efficiency, when compared to their progenitor strain. These results highlight the need for intermittent evaluation
of stock bacterial cultures to guarantee effective symbiosis after inoculation. Most importantly, it indicates that it is
possible to improve symbiotic effectiveness by screening rhizobial strains for higher N2 fixation capacity within the natural variability that can be found within each progenitor strain. 相似文献
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Generation and characterization of two novel low phytate mutations in soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> L. Merr.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yuan FJ Zhao HJ Ren XL Zhu SL Fu XJ Shu QY 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(7):945-957
Phytic acid (PA, myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hexakisphosphate) is important to the nutritional quality of soybean meal. Organic phosphorus (P) in PA is indigestible in humans
and non-ruminant animals, which affects nutrition and causes P pollution of ground water from animal wastes. Two novel soybean
[(Glycine max L. (Merr.)] low phytic acid (lpa) mutations were isolated and characterized. Gm-lpa-TW-1 had a phytic acid P (PA-P) reduction of 66.6% and a sixfold increase in inorganic P (Pi), and Gm-lpa-ZC-2 had a PA-P reduction of 46.3% and a 1.4-fold increase in Pi, compared with their respective non-mutant progenitor lines.
The reduction of PA-P and increase of Pi in Gm-lpa-TW-1 were molar equivalent; the decrease of PA-P in Gm-lpa-ZC-2, however, was accompanied by the increase of both Pi and lower inositol phosphates. In both mutant lines, the total
P content remained similar to their wild type parents. The two lpa mutations were both inherited in a single recessive gene model but were non-allelic. Sequence data and progeny analysis indicate
that Gm-lpa-TW-1 lpa mutation resulted from a 2 bp deletion in the soybean d-myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (MIPS1 EC 5.5.1.4) gene 1 (MIPS1). The lpa mutation in Gm-lpa-ZC-2 was mapped on LG B2, closely linked with microsatellite loci Satt416 and Satt168, at genetic distances of ∼4.63 and
∼9.25 cM, respectively. Thus this mutation probably represents a novel soybean lpa locus. The seed emergence rate of Gm-lpa-ZC-2 was similar to its progenitor line and was not affected by seed source and its lpa mutation. However, Gm-lpa-TW-1 had a significantly reduced field emergence when seeds were produced in a subtropic environment. Field tests of the
mutants and their progenies further demonstrated that the lpa mutation in Gm-lpa-ZC-2 does not negatively affect plant yield traits. These results will advance understanding of the genetic, biochemical
and molecular control of PA synthesis in soybean. The novel lpa mutation in Gm-lpa-ZC-2, together with linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, will be of value for breeding productive lpa soybeans, with meal high in digestible Pi eventually to improve animal nutrition and lessen environmental pollution. 相似文献