毛细管气相色谱内标法测定核桃油中的脂肪酸

测定了核桃油的脂肪酸组成,建立了以十七烷酸甲酯为内标物,用毛细管气相色谱同时测定核桃油五种脂肪酸（棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸）的方法。样品经氢氧化钾．甲醇皂化、三氟化硼．甲醇酯化后使生成相应的脂肪酸甲酯,以DM-FFAP毛细管柱分离,火焰离子化检测器测定。用保留时间定性,内标法定量。结果表明,在所选择的条件下,核桃油脂肪酸在10min内能获得较好的分离;五种脂肪酸的峰面积与其质量浓度有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0．998;样品加标回收率（n=6）为92．5％-100．3％,相对标准偏差为2．41％-4．31％。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,适合批量样品的测定。     

不同溶剂对海边月见草种子油脂肪酸萃取的比较

分别用乙醚、石油醚及氯仿－甲醇等三种溶剂萃取海边月见草种子油，经ＫＯＨ－ＭｅＯＨ室温酯化法或ＢＦ３－ＭｅＯＨ酯化法将其脂肪酸转化成甲酯，而后采用毛细管气相色谱外标法进行定量测定，结果表明：三种溶剂萃取所获得的种子油脂肪酸中亚油酸、γ－亚麻酸的含量无显著差异。     

不同溶剂对海边月见草种子油脂肪酸萃取的比较

分别用乙醚、石油醚及氯仿一甲醇等三种溶剂萃取海边月见草种子油,经KOH-Me0H室温酯化法或BF₃-Me0H酯化法将其脂肪酸转化成甲酯,而后采用毛细管气相色谱外标法进行定量测定,结果表明:三种溶剂萃取所获得的种子油脂肪酸中亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸的含量无显著差异。但若考虑到溶剂的残留,选择石油醚为溶剂更合适。此外,采用上述两种酯化法,γ-亚麻酸均能与其它脂肪酸,尤其是亚油酸较好分离。     

大鼠再生肝抗CCl4损伤与其线粒体呼吸活性变化的关系

本工作观察了肝部分切除(68%)后96h 大鼠再生肝的抗 CCl_4损伤作用,并用氧电极法测定了再生肝线粒体的呼吸活性。结果如下: (1)CCl_4(50%,10ml/kg)引起的动物死亡率,肝切除组大鼠较假手术组明显降低;(2)CCl_4(50%,5 ml/kg)损伤后,肝切除组大鼠血清胆红素、血清谷丙转氨酶(sGPT)均明显低于假手术组,组织学检查损伤程度也明显减轻;(3)无论是否伴有 CCI_1损伤,肝切除组大鼠肝线粒体的呼吸活性均强于假手术组,且肝线粒体呼吸活性的变化与血清胆红素、sGPT 及肝组织损伤程度的改善是一致的。上述结果提示:再生肝线粒体呼吸活性增高,同时不易受 CCl_4损伤,可能在再生肝抗 CCl_4损伤机制中起一定作用。     

nHAP对大鼠肝线粒体的生物活性作用

为了探讨羟基磷灰石纳米粒子(nHAP)对大鼠肝线粒体生物活性的影响,将nHAP直接作用于线粒体,在不同浓度和时间下测定线粒体标志酶琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)比活性,并与对照组进行比较。结果显示,当nHAP中水含量在10%以下时,线粒体生物活性未发现改变;当nHAP浓度递增时,在等时间段内,对线粒体SDH比活性呈逐步抑制作用;在不等时间段内,nHAP对线粒体SDH比活性的抑制作用与对照组相比较差异有显著性(p<0.05)。因此,nHAP对线粒体SDH比活性的抑制有浓度和时间的依赖性。     

肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白研究进展

肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白（liver fatty acid binding protein,L-FABP）是脂肪酸结合蛋白（fatty acid binding proteins,FABPs）家族重要的成员,在肝脏、小肠、肾脏等组织中均有表达。L-FABP在不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、胆固醇、胆汁酸等转运过程中扮演重要角色。目前研究显示L-FABP在脂肪肝、肝硬化以及肝癌发生发展中起到重要作用,并有望作为肝损伤的早期检测指标。此外,新近研究发现尿中L-FABP水平还可以用于预测1型糖尿病患者的临床结局。在2型糖尿病中,尿中L-FABP与糖尿病性肾病的病程有密切关系。主要就L-FABP的特性、结构及其与疾病的关系做一综述。     

毛细管气相色谱分析昆虫病毒包涵体中的脂肪酸

病毒脂肪酸的定性和定量,可作为病毒分类鉴定的辅助证据。有关细胞脂肪酸的研究已有报道［１～２］,但对病毒多角体（ｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｎｓ）和颗粒体（ｇｒａｎｕｌｅｓ）中脂肪酸成份的研究尚未见报道。本研究在病毒单糖分析的基础上［３］,用毛细管气相色谱法,对...     

早熟禾细胞膜脂肪酸衍生化方法比较

脂肪酸是生物膜的重要组成部分,由于植物细胞不同生物膜特性也不同,同一种酯化方法对不同生物膜脂肪酸酯化后测定分析的结果很难获得满意效果。为了寻找一种比较简单、可靠的衍生化方法,该研究以早熟禾叶片为材料,采用三种衍生化方法分别对其叶绿体、线粒体、液泡及细胞质膜这4种膜脂肪酸衍生化,随后进行 GC 定量测定分析。结果表明：相对于 BF3-甲醇和 HCl-甲醇两种酯化法对部分膜脂肪酸衍生化程度较低,氯乙酰酯化法对这4种膜脂肪酸的衍生化效率高、程度完全,GC 测定结果重复性好、准确率高。该研究结果为其他相关植物细胞的不同膜脂肪酸测定分析提供了一定的理论借鉴。     

The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy

Gas chromatography (GC) is a highly sensitive method used to identify and quantify the fatty acid content of lipids from tissues, cells, and plasma/serum, yielding results with high accuracy and high reproducibility. In metabolic and nutrition studies GC allows assessment of changes in fatty acid concentrations following interventions or during changes in physiological state such as pregnancy. Solid phase extraction (SPE) using aminopropyl silica cartridges allows separation of the major lipid classes including triacylglycerols, different phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters (CE). GC combined with SPE was used to analyze the changes in fatty acid composition of the CE fraction in the livers of virgin and pregnant rats that had been fed various high and low fat diets. There are significant diet/pregnancy interaction effects upon the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content of liver CE, indicating that pregnant females have a different response to dietary manipulation than is seen among virgin females.     

Fatty Acids Induce Chloride Permeation in Rat Liver Mitochondria by Activation of the Inner Membrane Anion Channel (IMAC)

The inner membrane of freshly isolated mammalian mitochondria is poorly permeable to Cl(-). Low, nonlytic concentrations (< or =30 microM) of long-chain fatty acids or their branched-chain derivatives increase permeation of Cl(-) as indicated from rapid large-scale swelling of mitochondria suspended in slightly alkaline KCl medium (supplemented with valinomycin). Myristic, palmitic, or 5-doxylstearic acid are powerful inducers of Cl(-) permeation, whereas lauric, phytanic, stearic, or 16-doxylstearic acid stimulate Cl(-) permeation in a lesser extent. Fatty acid-induced Cl(-) permeation across the inner membrane correlates well with the property of nonesterified fatty acids to release endogenous Mg(2+) from mitochondria. Myristic acid stimulates anion permeation in a selective manner, similar as was described for A23187, an activator of the inner membrane anion channel (IMAC). Myristic acid-induced Cl(-) permeation is blocked by low concentrations of tributyltin chloride (IC(50) approximately 1.5 nmol/mg protein). Moreover, myristic acid activates a transmembrane ion current in patch-clamped mitoplasts (mitochondria with the outer membrane removed) exposed to alkaline KCl medium. This current is best ascribed to the opening of an ion channel with a single-channel conductance of 108 pS. We propose that long-chain fatty acids can activate IMAC by withdrawal of Mg(2+) from intrinsic binding sites.     

Features of the Uncoupling Effect of Fatty Acids in Liver Mitochondria of Mammals with Different Body Weight

In the presence of oligomycin, EGTA, and magnesium ions, the protonophore uncoupling activity of palmitate (V(Pal)) is determined as the ratio of the acceleration of respiration with palmitate to its concentration. Under these conditions, V(Pal) in liver mitochondria of one-month-old rats with the body weight of 50 g is 1.46-fold higher than in liver mitochondria of adult rats with the body weight of 250 g, whereas the uncoupling activity of FCCP does not depend on the age of the animals. The difference in V(Pal) is mainly due to its component insensitive to carboxyatractylate and glutamate (V(Ins)). This value is 2.9-fold higher in mitochondria of one-month-old rats than in those of adult rats. The protonophore activity of palmitate is similar in liver mitochondria of four-day-old and adult rats. In liver mitochondria of adult mammals (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit), V(Pal) decreases with increase in the body weight of the animals. In double logarithmic coordinates, the dependence of the V(Pal) value on the body weight is linear with slope angle tangent of -0.18. The V(Pal) value is mainly contributed by its component V(Ins). In the presence of calcium ions, palmitate induces the nonspecific permeability of the inner membrane of liver mitochondria (pore opening). This Ca2+-dependent uncoupling effect of palmitate is less pronounced in mitochondria of one-month-old rats than in those of adult rats. In mitochondria of adult animals (mice, rats, and guinea pigs), the Ca2+-dependent uncoupling activity of palmitate is virtually the same. It is concluded that the protonophore uncoupling effect of palmitate in liver mitochondria of mammals, unlike its Ca2+-dependent effect, is associated with thermogenesis at rest and also with production of additional heat on cooling of the animals.     

糖茶藨种子脂肪酸含量分析

用超临界萃取技术对产于青藏高原上的糖茶蔗种子中脂肪酸进行萃取,其萃取率为12％。用毛细管气相色谱对萃取的脂肪酸进行了分离和分析。结果表明不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数在90％以上。其中α-亚麻酸（α-linolenic acid）为27.4％,У-亚麻酸（У-linolenic acia）为2．70％。亚油酸（1inoleic acid）40．0%,油酸（oleic acid）21．0％。     

Composition of Phospholipids and Fatty Acids cf Mitochondria of Chilling-Sensitive and Chilling-Tolerant Corns

The phospholipids of the mitochondria of chiUing-sensitive (Zhang Dang No. 9) and chilling-tolerant (HD103×Ferumac) corn shoots are composed of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethaaolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl inositol, diphosphatidyl glycerol, lysophosphatidyl choline and so on. The weight per cent composition of various phospholipid components in there two varieties of corn are not apparently different. The fatty acid composition of the mitochondria of both corn shoots arc similar except the palmitic acid and linoleic acid.     

饱和脂肪酸诱导肝细胞系建立代谢相关脂肪性肝病细胞损伤模型

摘要 目的：探讨不同脂肪酸对肝细胞系脂质积累、细胞损伤的影响,选择合适诱导试剂及肝细胞系建立一种具有严重细胞损伤及炎症反应的晚期代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）体外细胞模型。方法：以油酸（OA）或棕榈酸（PA）或其混合物分别处理HepG2和LO2细胞,以CCK8检测细胞存活率;以油红O染色及甘油三酯酶法检测细胞脂质积累程度;以qRT-PCR检测凋亡相关蛋白、纤维化相关蛋白、自噬相关蛋白、炎症因子的mRNA表达水平。结果：0.25 mmol/LPA作用HepG2细胞24 h可显著诱导甘油三酯（TG）和脂质积累,但对LO2细胞无明显影响;0.25 mmol/L PA处理两种细胞系可诱导显著的细胞损伤及炎症,OA可缓解PA对细胞的损伤作用。结论：利用PA处理HepG2细胞可引起一定程度的脂质积累,诱导显著的细胞损伤及炎症,是合适的MAFLD体外细胞模型。     

SD大鼠酒精性脂肪肝模型的监测分析

目的：通过血清生化指标和病理学的监测分析来建立标准的SD大鼠酒精性脂肪肝动物模型。方法：选取40只SD大鼠,随机分为两组,模型组采用直接饮酒法,于第8、12和20周时检测大鼠血清生化指标：丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）,并于第8、12周时随机采集5只大鼠肝组织,20周时采集剩余所有大鼠肝组织并进行病理学分析。结果：模型组于第8、12和20周时体重增长量均低于对照组（P〈0．01）,血清ALT、AST均高于对照组（P〈0．01）,第8周和12周时TG高于对照组（P〈0．01）。病理学结果显示肝组织从8周至20周呈现出酒精性脂肪肝、重度酒精性脂肪肝伴肝炎和酒精性肝纤维化等演变过程。结论：直接饮酒法可成功地复制出酒精性脂肪肝动物模型,通过监测分析可了解酒精性脂肪肝病变的整个过程,为今后建立酒精性脂肪肝和肝纤维化动物模型提供了理论参考。     

Nicardipine and Nifedipine Inhibit Fatty Acid Desaturases in Rat Liver Microsomes

Nicardipine and nifedipine, Ca channel blockers, inhibited rat liver microsomal desaturases, though verapamil, methoxyverapamil, cinnarizine, flunarizine, and diltiazem did not. However, nicardipine and nifedipine apparently did not inhibit the fungal desaturation in Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Nicardipine inhibited rat liver microsomal Δ5 desaturase specifically (50% inhibitory concentration, 170 μm), and nifedipine inhibited Δ6 desaturase specifically (78 μm). The inhibition by nicardipine and nifedipine is uncompetitive, the K_i values for Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases being 62 and 44 μm, respectively.     

芝麻蜂花粉脂肪酸的GC—MS分析

以石油醚为溶剂,索氏提取法提取芝麻蜂花粉粗脂肪,甲酯化处理后,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离鉴定,共鉴定出8种脂肪酸,并测定相对含量。结果表明,芝麻蜂花粉多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,其中亚麻酸相对含量为66．71％。