临床分离肠球菌与肠道肠球菌的不同特性

目的 :比较临床分离肠球菌与肠道肠球菌的不同特性。方法 :分别检测 4 1株临床分离肠球菌以及 38株健康人群粪便分离肠球菌的属种分布、β溶血素检出率及耐药性情况。 结果 :临床菌株以粪肠球菌为主 (75 6 % ) ,健康人群粪便分离肠球菌以屎肠球菌为主 (73 7% ) ;临床菌株的 β溶血素检出率高于健康人群粪便分离肠球菌 (P <0 0 1) ;临床分离肠球菌的抗生素耐药性明显高于肠道肠球菌 (P <0 0 1)。结论 ;引起医院感染的肠球菌与肠道球菌特性不同。     

雏鸡源致病性粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

【背景】粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)是人和动物肠道正常菌群之一,也是一种条件性致病菌。近年来,粪肠球菌引起人和动物感染的报道越来越多。【目的】探明引起某养鸡场雏鸡发病死亡的病原及其致病性和有效治疗药物。【方法】结合临床症状和病理剖检,开展病原菌分离、生理生化特性检测和16S rRNA基因序列分析、致病性试验、耐药分析和对患病鸡群的药物治疗。【结果】患病鸡有昏睡、瘫痪或共济失调等临床症状;肝、脾肿大,肝脏发黄、少量出血点、质脆易碎,肠道粘膜增厚、出血,脑轻微水肿;从肝脏组织分离得到一株革兰氏阳性球菌,经纯化培养后命名为CJ517;依据该菌株形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为粪肠球菌;致病性试验显示CJ517菌株能致死小鼠,致死率为66.67%;该菌对头孢噻肟、磷霉素、丁胺卡那等药物敏感,对多西环素、卡那霉素、新霉素、氟苯尼考等药物耐药;经用敏感药物和提高免疫力结合治疗后,鸡群病情得到控制。【结论】研究结果可为临床诊断和治疗动物粪肠球菌感染提供参考。     

医院内感染的肠球菌和肠道中的肠球菌耐药性差异的研究

目的 研究临床分离的院内感染的肠球菌对常用抗生系的耐药性及与健康人肠道中的肠球菌的耐药性比较。方法 应用琼脂稀释法检测从临床分离的５２株肠球菌和健康人肠道中分离的肠球菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）。结果 肠球菌对临床常用的１１种抗生素的耐药性以万古霉素最低,ＭＩＣ５０为２,ＭＩＣ９０为４。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的耐药性对万古霉素有明显差异。院内感染分离的肠球菌和健康人肠道中的肠球菌的耐药性亦有显著的差异。     

引起院内感染的肠球菌和肠道中的肠球菌耐药性差异的研究

目的　研究临床分离的院内感染的肠球菌对常用抗生素的耐药性及与健康人肠道中的肠球菌的耐药性比较。方法　应用琼脂稀释法检测从临床分离的５２ 株肠球菌和健康人肠道中分离的肠球菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ） 。结果　肠球菌对临床常用的１１ 种抗生素的耐药性以万古霉素最低,ＭＩＣ５０ 为２ ,ＭＩＣ９０ 为４ 。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的耐药性对万古霉素有明显差异。院内感染分离的肠球菌和健康人肠道中的肠球菌的耐药性亦有显著的差异。结论　肠球菌对抗生素的敏感性以万古霉素最敏感,肠球菌应鉴定到种的水平以便更好地监控抗生素的耐药性。     

血液恶性肿瘤患者肠道菌群分析

目的将血液恶性肿瘤患者肠道菌群与健康个体进行比较,观察血液肿瘤患者肠道菌群结构的变化,探讨肠道菌群与血液恶性肿瘤发生发展的联系。方法收集血液恶性肿瘤患者与健康志愿者粪便样品,提取样品中菌群总DNA,然后通过变性凝胶梯度电泳(DGGE)技术分析肠道菌群多样性和差异性。结果血液恶性肿瘤组与健康组肠道菌群的DGGE指纹图谱有明显差异。与正常组相比,患者组肠道大肠埃希菌呈现过度增长趋势,有益菌柔嫩梭菌减少或缺失,某些患者肠道内一些细菌呈现特异性增长,如粪肠球菌、硫磺肠球菌、约氏不动杆菌等。结论与健康对照组相比,血液恶性肿瘤患者肠道菌群结构与多样性发生改变,这可能为血液恶性肿瘤早期抗感染提供实验依据。     

HIV阳性患者肠道菌群特征对联合抗反转录病毒治疗效果的预测

目的 观察人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性患者肠道菌群特征对联合抗反转录病毒治疗(cART)效果的预测作用,以期为HIV阳性患者的抗病毒治疗获益评估提供辅助手段。方法 前瞻性选取我院2017年1月至2020年1月收治95例HIV阳性患者为研究对象,均于治疗前收集患者资料,分析患者肠道菌群特征,实施cART治疗,治疗6个月后评估疗效,将患者划分为有效组和无效组,采用回归分析检验HIV阳性患者肠道菌群特征与cART疗效的关系,并分析肠道菌群特征对cART疗效的预测效能。结果 95例HIV阳性患者中共有69例cART治疗有效,26例治疗无效。回归分析结果显示,HIV RNA载量、免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgG水平及肠道屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均与HIV阳性患者治疗效果有关(OR=18.964、42 376.484、4.183、8.585、14.358、15.134、9.297、10.223,均P<0.001)。受试者工作曲线(ROC)显示,HIV阳性患者肠道屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量用于预测cART治疗无效风险的曲线下面积(AUC)均&...     

高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群与血清脂质水平相关性研究

目的探讨高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群变化及其与血清脂质水平的相关性。方法高脂血症患者及健康受试者各50例,采集其空腹血清样本和粪便样本,血清样本用于检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油-二酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）的含量。应用实时定量PCR技术检测肠道内优势菌群的含量,并将其与血清脂质水平进行相关性分析。结果高脂血症患者肠道内总细菌量及拟杆菌属细菌较健康受试者组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而双歧杆菌属细菌、乳杆菌属细菌及粪杆菌属细菌较健康受试者明显降低（P〈0．05）,肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌较健康受试者明显升高（P〈0．05）。高脂血症患者血清Tc与双歧杆菌属细菌、乳杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关;血清LDL—C与双歧杆菌属细菌和粪杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关;血清TG与双歧杆菌属细菌和乳杆菌属细菌呈现显著负相关,而与肠杆菌科细菌和肠球菌属细菌呈现显著正相关。结论高脂血症患者肠道优势菌群发生了明显的变化,血清脂质水平与肠道优势菌群变化具有显著相关性,提示肠道优势菌群结构的调整可改善患者血清脂质水平。     

蜜蜂幼虫粪肠球菌的分离与鉴定

在对患有欧洲幼虫腐臭病的蜜蜂幼虫进行细菌分离与培养时,获得1株未知菌株。从分离培养特性、形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学等方面对该菌株进行了鉴定,得知该菌株为欧洲幼虫腐臭病的次生菌——粪肠球菌,属于肠球菌属,并暂定名为Enterococcus faecalis FB102。同时,得知根据该菌的分离培养特性可与欧洲幼虫腐臭病病原区分,并且将其单独接种蜜蜂幼虫后未能使幼虫患病。根据粪肠球菌较欧洲幼虫腐臭病病原易于分离培养的特性,得知通过对粪肠球菌的鉴定可以简化欧洲幼虫腐臭病的诊断过程,而且推测该菌株可能对人体健康有一定的影响。     

新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对 小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

目的 研究新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 C57BL/6小鼠,雄性,8周龄,40只,分为4个组(每组10只):高、中、低三个剂量组和空白对照组,给药14 d,收集给药前后小鼠粪样,16S rDNA实时荧光定量PCR法测定粪样中肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,中剂量组小鼠肠道粪样中乳杆菌显著增多(t=-2.503,P0.05),低剂量组与高剂量组变化不显著;与空白对照组比较,其他组小鼠肠道中肠杆菌属、肠球菌属和产气荚膜梭菌水平均无显著变化。结论 参照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范—2003版》之"调节肠道菌群作用检验方法",新疆昆仑雪菊水提物对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节作用。     

190株肠球菌的鉴定及药敏分析

目的了解黑龙江省医院肠球菌的菌种分布及对常用抗生素耐药性的现状。方法对2004年8月至2006年6月检出的190株肠球菌的菌种鉴定及药敏结果进行回顾性分析。结果粪肠球菌(46.3%)分离率下降;屎肠球菌(33.2%)、鹑鸡肠球菌(13.7%)分离率增加。耐药株检出率屎肠球菌为85.1%,粪肠球菌为75.0%,鹑鸡肠球菌为70.2%。青霉素和呋喃妥因对粪肠球菌引起的感染有一定的疗效,万古霉素,替考拉宁是治疗肠球菌引起感染的最佳选择。结论肠球菌已成为引起临床感染的重要致病菌,它的天然耐药和多重耐药的特性使得临床可选治疗药物范围狭窄。应防止耐万古霉素肠球菌株的产生。     

Composition of the enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of poultry

Identification to species level showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium largely dominated the enterococcal and streptococcal gut flora of 1-d-old chicks. Enterococcus faecalis was rare in 3- to 5-week-old broilers. Two species, Ent. faecium and Streptococcus alactolyticus , were isolated from nearly all broilers examined. Enterococcus hirae and Ent. durans were found in the small intestines of this category of poultry.
In layers and parent stock of over 12 weeks of age, Ent. cecorum dominated with Strep. alactolyticus ranking next. Other species were isolated irregularly. Enterococcus avium and Ent. gallinarum , originally described from chickens, were rarely found. These species did not appear to belong to the normal intestinal flora of poultry.     

Composition of the enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of poultry

Identification to species level showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium largely dominated the enterococcal and streptococcal gut flora of 1-d-old chicks. Enterococcus faecalis was rare in 3- to 5-week-old broilers. Two species, Ent. faecium and Streptococcus alactolyticus, were isolated from nearly all broilers examined. Enterococcus hirae and Ent. durans were found in the small intestines of this category of poultry. In layers and parent stock of over 12 weeks of age, Ent. cecorum dominated with Strep. alactolyticus ranking next. Other species were isolated irregularly. Enterococcus avium and Ent. gallinarum, originally described from chickens, were rarely found. These species did not appear to belong to the normal intestinal flora of poultry.     

Probiotics shown to change bacterial community structure in the avian gastrointestinal tract.

Culturing and molecular techniques were used to monitor changes in the bacterial flora of the avian gastrointestinal (GI) tract following introduction of genetically modified (GM) and unmodified probiotics. Community hybridization of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA demonstrated that the bacterial flora of the GI tract changed significantly in response to the probiotic treatments. The changes were not detected by culturing. Although both GM and non-GM strains of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11508 changed the bacterial flora of the chicken GI tract, they did so differently. Probing the community DNA with an Enterococcus faecalis-specific probe showed that the relative amount of E. faecalis in the total eubacterial population increased in the presence of the non-GM strain and decreased in the presence of the GM probiotic compared with the results obtained with an untreated control group.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage BC-611 Specifically Infecting Enterococcus faecalis Strain NP-10011

Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in humans and animals and is also an important bacterium for dairy and probiotic supplement production. Therefore, bacteriophages infecting E. faecalis may be useful for phage therapy against multidrug-resistant strains or may threaten industrial fermentation. We isolated a virulent Siphoviridae bacteriophage, BC-611, specifically infecting E. faecalis strain NP-10011 but not infecting other E. faecalis strains or other enterococci. Although the genome sequence of BC-611 resembled that of enterococcal bacteriophage SAP6, BC-611 was marked by its narrow host specificity.     

Chromosomal integration of the green fluorescent protein gene in lactic acid bacteria and the survival of marked strains in human gut simulations

An integration vector was constructed to allow introduction of the gfp gene into the chromosomes of Gram-positive bacteria. Integration depends on homologous recombination between a short 458-nt sequence of the tet(M) gene in the vector and a copy of Tn916 in the host chromosome. Strains of Lactococcus lactis IL1403, Enterococcus faecalis JH2-SS, and Streptococcus gordonii DL1 stably marked with single chromosomal copies of the gfp were readily visualised by epifluorescence microscopy. The marked L. lactis strain survived poorly in a continuous culture system inoculated with human faecal flora, while the laboratory E. faecalis strain was lost at approximately the dilution rate of the fermenter.     

Molecular identification and diversity of enterococci isolated from Slovak Bryndza cheese

Three hundred and eight presumed enterococcal isolates were recovered from Bryndza, a soft sheep milk cheese. The cheese samples were obtained from five different commercial distributors in Slovakia and were taken at three different seasonal intervals. All isolates were identified to the species level using genotypic tools. Species-specific PCR using ddl genes highlighted the predominance of Enterococcus faecium (176 isolates) and assigned 50 isolates to the species Enterococcus faecalis. The remaining 82 isolates were classified using repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer (GTG)(5)-(GTG)(5)-PCR, in combination with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase gene (pheS) sequence analysis and by whole-cell protein analysis (SDS-PAGE). These strains were identified as Enterococcus durans (59 strains), Enterococcus italicus (8 strains), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3 strains), Enterococcus gallinarum (3 strains), Enterococcus hirae (1 strain), and 8 strains were members of the species Lactococcus lactis. Of the seven enterococcal species isolated, three of them, E. durans, E. faecalis and E. faecium were present in all samples studied, with E. faecium as the predominant one. The precise identification of enterococci in Bryndza cheese is an essential step in the process of evaluation of their functional properties which will be further studied and assessed.     

Partial characterization of enterocin MR99 from a corn silage isolate of Enterococcus faecalis

AIMS: To assess the inhibitory activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of several species of enterococci recovered from a natural corn silage. METHODS AND RESULTS: The inhibitory activity of strains of Enterococcus faecalis (58), Enterococcus faecium (35), Enterococcus gallinarum (3) and Enterococcus casseliflavus (4) were studied employing indicator strains from various sources (clinical, food and ATCC). Enterococcus faecalis MR99, the only strain with inhibitory activity, inhibited other enterococci, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. The bacterium contained only one conjugative pheromone-responsive plasmid. The partially chromatography-purified MR99 enterocin (PPE) had a molecular weight of approx. 5000 Da and a pI of 6.2, was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and could be extracted in benzene and butanol. It appeared stable to adjustment of pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 and was resistant to heat. Inactivation was at 15 min at 121 degrees C. Enterocin MR99 was bactericidal on strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Staph. aureus, and bovine mastitis agents, it was bacteriostatic on E. coli. Although enterocins MR99 and AS48 have inhibitory activity on Gram-negative bacilli, PCR studies demonstrated a lack of relationship between them. CONCLUSIONS: The active component had a protein nature, was resistant to heat and presented a wide inhibitory spectrum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The biological properties of Ent. faecalis MR99 suggest that this strain merits further investigations so it can be applied in human and veterinary health programmes.     

Complete Genome Sequence of the Porcine Isolate Enterococcus faecalis D32

The complete and annotated genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis D32, a commensal strain isolated from a Danish pig, suggests putative adaptation to the porcine host and absence of distinct virulence-associated traits.     

肠球菌的临床感染与耐药性分析

目的了解温州医学院附属第一医院临床分离主要肠球菌的分布及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药现状,以指导临床合理用药。方法对2008年至2011年临床分离的635株粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的标本来源和药敏结果进行回顾性分析。结果各种临床标本中两种肠球菌的分布比例存在差异,总体以尿液标本所占比例最多,且屎肠球菌的总体分离率高于粪肠球菌。粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺、氨苄西林、万古霉素、呋喃妥因和替考拉宁的耐药率都在5．0％以下,对莫西沙星和青霉素G的耐药率也仅为7．0％和6．7％;屎肠球菌对莫西沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、氨苄西林、青霉素G和红霉素的耐药率都在90．0％以上,对利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替考拉宁和奎奴敏感。粪肠球菌的多重耐药株占总数的26．4％,屎肠球菌的多重耐药株占总数的78．2％。结论粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对15种抗菌药物的耐药情况不同,屎肠球菌具有更高的耐药率和更广的耐药谱。临床应根据药敏试验的结果合理选择抗菌药物,以防止耐药菌株的产生和播散。