新疆蓝刺头化学成分研究

以新疆蓝刺头(Echinops ritro L.)全草为研究材料,通过硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,重结晶等技术对新疆蓝刺头化学成分进行分离纯化,通过理化性质分析及1H-NMR,13C-NMR等技术对化合物结构进行鉴定.结果表明,共分离出5个化合物,分别是三萜类化合物蒲公英甾醇乙酰酯(化合物1)、蒲公英甾醇(化合物2)、黄酮苷类化合物金丝桃苷(化合物3)、胡萝卜苷(化合物4)与β-豆甾醇葡萄糖苷(化合物5).其中化合物1,2,5首次从该种植物中分离,化合物3为首次从该属植物中分离.     

昆明山海棠茎中化合物的分离及其抗炎活性

从昆明山海棠茎的氯仿提取物中分离得到6个化合物,经鉴定为雷公藤内酯甲(Ⅰ)、昆明山海棠二萜内酯(Ⅱ)、雷公藤内酯乙(Ⅲ)、雷酚二萜酸(Ⅳ)、雷公藤碱(Ⅴ)及3-epikatonic acid(Ⅵ)。其中,化合物Ⅲ及Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅴ为首次从该植物茎中分离得到。药理实验显示化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ对大鼠足跖部角叉菜胶炎症模型具有明显的抑制作用。     

云木香化学成分研究Ⅰ

从云南丽江产云木香（ＳａｕｓｕｒｅａｌａｐｐａＣ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）的根中分离得到了１４个倍半萜化合物,它们的结构通过波谱和化学的方法得到鉴定。其中化合物２被鉴定为是一新化合物,化合物４,１２和１４为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

黄檗落叶化学成分的研究

从黄檗落叶的95％乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为phellodenol-A(1),茵芋苷(skimmin,2),phellodenol E(3),黄檗苷(amurensin,4),黄柏苷(phellamurin,5),(2R) -phellodensin-F(6)和clerosterol 3-Oβ-D-galactopyranoside (7).其中,化合物7为首次从黄柏属植物中分离得到,化合物3和6为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

川赤芍的化学成分研究

从川赤芍Paeonia anomala subsp·veitchii根皮的70%丙酮提取物中,分离鉴定了22个化合物,其中包括一个新的24,30位降常春藤皂苷三萜衍生物,命名为paeonenolide H(1)。化合物2,4,9,10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

加拿大红豆杉扦插苗中的化学成分研究

从加拿大红豆杉(Taxus canadensis)的扦插苗中分离出三个紫杉烷二萜化合物1~3,用一维和二维核磁共振技术鉴定它们的化合物结构,并根据HMBC实验结果修订了化合物3中H-9,H-10和C-9,C-10的化学位移的归属。这三个化合物均为首次从加拿大红豆杉中分离得到。     

广西北部湾放线菌的分离筛选及活性产物的鉴定

为从广西北部湾的泥样和植物中分离海洋放线菌,筛选具有抑菌活性的菌株,分离活性化合物。研究采用普通稀释法分离菌株,对发酵产物进行抑菌活性测试,利用活性追踪分离活性化合物,并通过波谱方法确定化合物结构。结果表明从6个海泥样品和3个植物样品中共分离73株放线菌,筛选得到具有抑香蕉枯萎病和金黄色葡萄球菌活性的菌株7株,并从其中的1株链霉菌 Streptomyces sp.MDCW-126的次级代谢产物中分离鉴定了星形孢菌素。从广西北部湾分离的药用活性菌株资源具有开发和深入研究价值。     

川东獐牙菜的化学成分研究

从川东獐牙菜 (SwertiadavidiFranch .)中分离得到 3个化合物 ,经理化和光谱分析鉴定为 1,3,8 三羟基 5 甲氧基酮 (1)、齐墩果酸 (Ⅱ )和乌苏酸 (Ⅲ )。化合物Ⅰ为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

云木香化学成分研究I

从云南丽江产云木香（ＳａｕｓｓｕｒｅａｌａｐｐａＣ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）的根中分离得到了１４个倍半萜化合物,它们的结构通过波谱和化学的方法得到鉴定,其中化合物２被鉴定为是一新化合物,化合物４,１２和１４为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

蕨菜中的一个新高黄烷醇(英文)

运用柱层析等分离纯化方法,从蕨菜乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到4个黄酮类化合物:3,4,6,2’,4’-五羟基高黄烷醇(1)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、芦丁(3)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),其中化合物1为新化合物,也是从蕨类植物中分离出的第一个高黄烷酮,化合物2为首次从该植物中分离得到。采用MTT法对获得的黄酮类化合物的细胞毒活性测定结果表明化合物1具有明显的细胞毒活性。     

Genetic Diversity of Algal Viruses Which Lyse the Photosynthetic Picoflagellate Micromonas pusilla (Prasinophyceae)

The genetic similarity among eight clones of Micromonas pusilla virus (MpV) isolated from five geographic locations was measured by DNA hybridization. Our objective was to explore the existence of genetically distinct populations of MpV by comparing the similarity among MpVs isolated from a single water sample to the similarity among viruses isolated from geographically distant locations. The highest and lowest similarities we observed were 70% (plusmn) 1.1% (mean (plusmn) standard error [SE], n = 3) for virus strains SP1 and SP2 isolated from a California coastal water sample and 13% (plusmn) 1.9% for strains SP2 and PB6; the latter was isolated from New York estuarine water. However, the similarity between MpV isolated from a single water sample was not always greater than the similarity between viruses isolated from different locations. Viruses PB7 and PB8 were isolated from a single New York estuarine sample but were only 16% (plusmn) 0.5% similar, whereas PB7 was quite similar (43% (plusmn) 2.9%) to PL1, a virus from Texas coastal water. Overall, the similarity among MpVs isolated from a single geographic location, 34% (plusmn) 12.6% (mean (plusmn) SE, n = 4), was not significantly different from the similarity among MpVs isolated from geographically distant locations, 26.6% (plusmn) 2.7% (mean (plusmn) SE, n = 24) (P = 0.92, Mann-Whitney U test). Clones of MpV were more similar to each other than they were to the related algal virus PBCV-1, and three groups of MpVs consisting of (i) PL1, SG1, PB6, and PB7, (ii) PB8, and (iii) GM1, SP1, and SP2 were resolved. The genetic variation among MpVs isolated from a single water sample was as large as the variation between viruses isolated from different oceans. If MpVs within a geographic location share genetic characteristics not shared with MpVs from geographically distant locations, this was not reflected in the overall similarity of their genomes.     

The polysaccharides of the brown seaweed Turbinaria murrayana

Polysaccharides of the brown seaweed Turbinaria murrayana were isolated. Laminaran (3.2%) was isolated from the hot-water extract of the algae by using ion-exchange chromatography. Fucans (2.1%) were isolated from the hot-water extract, as well (4.7%) as from the extract of the algae with dilute acid. Acid hydrolsysis of the isolated fucans revealed glucose, amnnose, fucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, and galactose. Alginic acid (22.6%) was separated, and reduced to a neutral polysaccharide. The polysaccharides isolated were analyzed by methylation and Smith degradation.     

Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from man, poultry and some other animals

Of 281 strains of staphylococci isolated from man and animals 36 (12.8%) were coagulase-positive and 245 (87.2%) were coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius were the commonest coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from the hosts examined. Of the 20 strains that remained unclassifiable, 14 were isolated from sheep and goats.     

Diptera as vectors of mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs

Mycobacteria were isolated from 14 (4.5%) of 314 samples, containing 7791 adult Diptera, which were collected in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1997-2000. These flies were collected from three cattle herds with paratuberculosis, two pig herds with mycobacterial infections and one farm that kept both cattle and pigs and that did not have problems of mycobacterial infections. Mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from Eristalis tenax Linnaeus (Diptera: Syrphidae) captured from a pig herd. Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (serotype 8) was isolated from flies of the genera Drosophila Fallen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Musca Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) originating from a pig herd. Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from Musca spp. and Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from dung flies of the genus Scatophaga Meigen (Diptera: Scatophagidae), Musca spp. and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) captured in the same herd. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was isolated from S. calcitrans from the farm with both cattle and pigs. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis was isolated from Scatophaga spp. collected from pastures grazed by one of the cattle herds and from Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Lucilia caesar Linnaeus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) captured in a slaughterhouse, where cattle infected with paratuberculosis were slaughtered. Mycobacterium phlei was isolated from flies of the genus Lucilia captured at a waste bin. These data indicate that mycobacteria may be spread by adult flies that have been in contact with material contaminated with these pathogens.     

Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from man, poultry and some other animals

Of 281 strains of staphylococci isolated from man and animals 36 (12–8%) were coagulase-positive and 245 (87–2%) were coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius were the commonest coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from the hosts examined. Of the 20 strains that remained unclassifiable, 14 were isolated from sheep and goats.     

Occurrence of yersiniosis and listeriosis in wild boars in Japan

From December 1994 to February 1995, 131 wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomysta) living in a mountainous area in Japan were examined for yersiniosis and listeriosis. Of 131 wild boars, 76 (58%) were males and 55 (42%) were females. Four Yersinia spp. including Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, and Y. aldovei, were isolated from 49 (37%) of 131 wild boars. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from five (4%) of 131 wild boars. All Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were serotype 4b and harbored virulence plasmids. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated only from boars under 2-yr-old. No human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was isolated. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from two (1%) of the wild boars and both isolates were serotype 4b. These findings indicated that wild boar could be a reservoir of Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes in Japan.     

Immunolocalization of secretory protein-I or chromogranin A in amphibian urinary bladder granular cell granules

The presence of secretory protein-I (SP-I) or chromogranin A (CGA) in granules isolated from the granular cells of the amphibian urinary bladder epithelium was investigated using ultraimmunohistochemistry. Granules were isolated by cell fractionation using Percoll density gradients. SP-I was isolated and purified from bovine parathyroid glands. Antibodies were raised in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography. Ultraimmunocytochemistry, employing the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC-complex) procedure, was used to localize SP-I on thin sections of isolated granules. About 27% of the granules from control (-ADH) cells were SP-I+, while 51% of the granules fractionated from hormone treated (+ADH) cells were positive for this protein (p less than 0.0001). Accordingly, granules from ADH-treated cells also showed a significant (p less than 0.0001) increase in total protein.     

Differences in the population structure of invasive Streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs and from humans in The Netherlands

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is the main cause of zoonotic S. suis infection despite the fact that other serotypes are frequently isolated from diseased pigs. Studies comparing concurrent invasive human and pig isolates from a single geographical location are lacking. We compared the population structures of invasive S. suis strains isolated between 1986 and 2008 from human patients (N?=?24) and from pigs with invasive disease (N?=?124) in The Netherlands by serotyping and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Fifty-six percent of pig isolates were of serotype 9 belonging to 15 clonal complexes (CCs) or singleton sequence types (ST). In contrast, all human isolates were of serotype 2 and belonged to two non-overlapping clonal complexes CC1 (58%) and CC20 (42%). The proportion of serotype 2 isolates among S. suis strains isolated from humans was significantly higher than among strains isolated from pigs (24/24 vs. 29/124; P<0.0001). This difference remained significant when only strains within CC1 and CC20 were considered (24/24 vs. 27/37,P?=?0.004). The Simpson diversity index of the S. suis population isolated from humans (0.598) was smaller than of the population isolated from pigs (0.765, P?=?0.05) indicating that the S. suis population isolated from infected pigs was more diverse than the S. suis population isolated from human patients. S. suis serotype 2 strains of CC20 were all negative in a PCR for detection of genes encoding extracellular protein factor (EF) variants. These data indicate that the polysaccharide capsule is an important correlate of human S. suis infection, irrespective of the ST and EF encoding gene type of S. suis strains.     

Kaempferol glycosides from Siparuna apiosyce

The kaempferol derivative 3,7-di-O-methyl-4'-O-beta-[alpha rhamnosyl (1 --> 6)]-glucopyranoside (siparunoside) was isolated from the leaves of Sparuna apiosyce. Its structure was established by extensive NMR studies. The alkaloids reticuline and liriodenine were also isolated from the leaves along with the kaempferol derivative tiliroside. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from the wood (liriodenine) and wood bark (liriodenine, laurotetanine, N-methyl-laurotetanine, reticuline), together with a mixture of cis and trans-N-feruloyltyramines. 3,7,4'-tri-O-methylkaempferol was isolated from all organs.     

Isolation and identification of yeast messenger ribonucleic acids coding for enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate kinase.

Yeast poly(adenylic acid)-containing messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was fractionated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of formamide. Three messenger ribonucleic acids, present at high intracellular concentration, were electrophoretically eluted from the polyacrylamide gels and translated in a wheat germ cell-free extract. The in vitro synthesized polypeptides were identified by tryptic peptide analysis. Messenger ribonucleic acids coding for enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were isolated from commercially grown baker's yeast (strain F1), and messenger ribonucleic acid coding for phosphoglycerate kinase was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24657). Significant differences in the spectrum of abundant messenger ribonucleic acids isolated from commercially grown baker's yeast (strain F1) and strain 24657 were observed. When both strains were grown under identical conditions, however, the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from the cells is indistinguishable.