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1.
Effect of growth substrate,method of fermentation,and nitrogen source on lignocellulose-degrading enzymes production by white-rot basidiomycetes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elisashvili V Kachlishvili E Penninckx M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(11):1531-1538
The exploration of seven physiologically different white rot fungi potential to produce cellulase, xylanase, laccase, and
manganese peroxidase (MnP) showed that the enzyme yield and their ratio in enzyme preparations significantly depends on the
fungus species, lignocellulosic growth substrate, and cultivation method. The fruit residues were appropriate growth substrates
for the production of hydrolytic enzymes and laccase. The highest endoglucanase (111 U ml−1) and xylanase (135 U ml−1) activities were revealed in submerged fermentation (SF) of banana peels by Pycnoporus coccineus. In the same cultivation conditions Cerrena maxima accumulated the highest level of laccase activity (7,620 U l−1). The lignified materials (wheat straw and tree leaves) appeared to be appropriate for the MnP secretion by majority basidiomycetes.
With few exceptions, SF favored to hydrolases and laccase production by fungi tested whereas SSF was appropriate for the MnP
accumulation. Thus, the Coriolopsis polyzona hydrolases activity increased more than threefold, while laccase yield increased 15-fold when tree leaves were undergone
to SF instead SSF. The supplementation of nitrogen to the control medium seemed to have a negative effect on all enzyme production
in SSF of wheat straw and tree leaves by Pleurotus ostreatus. In SF peptone and ammonium containing salts significantly increased C. polyzona and Trametes versicolor hydrolases and laccase yields. However, in most cases the supplementation of media with additional nitrogen lowered the fungi
specific enzyme activities. Especially strong repression of T. versicolor MnP production was revealed. 相似文献
2.
Purification of recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia methanolica and its use for the decolorization of anthraquinone dye 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia methanolica was produced constitutively in a defined medium. The recombinant laccase was purified using ultrafiltration, anion-exchange
chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated as 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The
purified recombinant laccase decolorized more than 90% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) initially at 80 mg l−1 after 16 h at 45°C and pH 5 when 25 U laccase ml−1 was used. The purified recombinant laccase could efficiently decolorize RBBR without additional redox mediators. 相似文献
3.
Hadeer Lazim Houda Mankai Nedra Slama Insaf Barkallah Ferid Limam 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(4):531-537
The purpose of the present research is to study the production of thermophilic alkaline protease by a local isolate, Streptomyces sp. CN902, under solid state fermentation (SSF). Optimum SSF parameters for enzyme production have been determined. Various
locally available agro-industrial residues have been screened individually or as mixtures for alkaline protease production
in SSF. The combination of wheat bran (WB) with chopped date stones (CDS) (5:5) proved to be an efficient mixture for protease
production as it gave the highest enzyme activity (90.50 U g−1) when compared to individual WB (74.50 U g−1) or CDS (69.50 U g−1) substrates. This mixed solid substrate was used for the production of protease from Streptomyces sp. CN902 under SSF. Maximal protease production (220.50 U g−1) was obtained with an initial moisture content of 60%, an inoculum level of 1 × 108 (spore g−1 substrate) when incubated at 45°C for 5 days. Supplementation of WB and CDS mixtures with yeast extract as a nitrogen source
further increased protease production to 245.50 U g−1 under SSF. Our data demonstrated the usefulness of solid-state fermentation in the production of alkaline protease using
WB and CDS mixtures as substrate. Moreover, this approach offered significant benefits due to abundant agro-industrial substrate
availability and cheaper cost. 相似文献
4.
Eva Kachlishvili Michel J. Penninckx Nino Tsiklauri Vladimir Elisashvili 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(4):391-397
Summary The effect of additional nitrogen sources on lignocellulolytic enzyme production by four species of white-rot fungi (Funalia trogii IBB 146, Lentinus edodes IBB 363, Pleurotus dryinus IBB 903, and P. tuberregium IBB 624) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw and beech tree leaves was strain- and substrate-dependent. In general,
the yields of hydrolytic enzymes and laccase increased by supplementation of medium with an additional nitrogen source. This
stimulating effect of additional nitrogen on enzyme accumulation was due to higher biomass production. Only xylanase specific
activity of P. dryinus IBB 903 and laccase specific activity of L. edodes IBB 363 increased significantly (by 66% and 73%, respectively) in SSF of wheat straw by addition of nitrogen source to the
control medium. Additional nitrogen (20 mM) repressed manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by all fungi tested. The study
of the nitrogen concentration effect revealed that 10 mM peptone concentration was optimal for cellulase and xylanase accumulation
by P. dryinus IBB 903. While variation of the peptone concentration did not cause the change in MnP yield, elevated concentrations of this
nutrient (20–40 mM) led to a 2–3-fold increase of P. dryinus IBB 903 laccase activity. About 10–20 mM concentration of NH4NO3 was optimal for cellulase and xylanase production by F. trogii IBB 146. However, neither the laccase nor the MnP yield was significantly changed by the additional nitrogen source. 相似文献
5.
Haijun Wu Qingbiao Li Rui Lu Yuanpeng Wang Xiaoling Zhuang Ning He 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2010,37(11):1203-1209
The constant-rate fed-batch production of the polygalacturonic acid bioflocculant REA-11 was studied. A controlled sucrose-feeding
strategy resulted in a slight improvement in biomass and a 7% reduction in flocculating activity compared with the batch process.
When fed with a 3 g l−1 urea solution, the flocculating activity was enhanced to 720 U ml−1 in 36 h. High cell density (2.12 g l−1) and flocculating activity (820 U ml−1) were obtained in a 10-l fermentor by feeding with a sucrose-urea solution, with values of nearly two times and 50% higher
than those of the batch process, respectively. Moreover, the residual sucrose declined to 2.4 g l−1, and residual urea decreased to 0.03 g l−1. Even higher flocculating activity of 920 U ml−1 and biomass of 3.26 g l−1 were obtained by feeding with a sucrose-urea solution in a pilot scale fermentation process, indicating the potential industrial
utility of this constant-rate feeding strategy in bioflocculant production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. 相似文献
6.
7.
Chang-Su Park Soo-Jin Yeom Yu-Ri Lim Yeong-Su Kim Deok-Kun Oh 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(4):743-750
A putative ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RpiB) from Streptococcus pneumoniae was purified with a specific activity of 26.7 U mg−1 by Hi-Trap Q HP anion exchange and Sephacryl S-300 HR 16/60 gel filtration chromatographies. The native enzyme existed as
a 96-kDa tetramer with activity maxima at pH 7.5 and 35°C. The RpiB exhibited isomerization activity with l-lyxose, l-talose, d-gulose, d-ribose, l-mannose, d-allose, l-xylulose, l-tagatose, d-sorbose, d-ribulose, l-fructose, and d-psicose and exhibited particularly high activity with l-form monosaccharides such as l-lyxose, l-xylulose, l-talose, and l-tagatose. With l-xylulose (500 g l−1) and l-talose (500 g l−1) substrates, the optimum concentrations of RpiB were 300 and 600 U ml−1, respectively. The enzyme converted 500 g l−1
l-xylulose to 350 g l−1
l-lyxose after 3 h, and yielded 450 g l−1
l-tagatose from 500 g l−1
l-talose after 5 h. These results suggest that RpiB from S. pneumoniae can be employed as a potential producer of l-form monosaccharides. 相似文献
8.
A recombinant putative glycoside hydrolase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus was purified with a specific activity of 12 U mg−1 by heat treatment and His-Trap affinity chromatography, and identified as a single 56 kDa band upon SDS-PAGE. The native
enzyme is a dimer with a molecular mass of 112 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The enzyme exhibited its highest activity
when debranched arabinan (1,5-α-l-arabinan) was used as the substrate, demonstrating that the enzyme was an endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase. The K
m, k
cat, and k
cat/K
m values were 18 mg ml−1, 50 s−1, and a 2.8 mg ml−1 s−1, respectively. Maximum enzyme activity was at pH 6.5 and 75°C. The half-lives of the enzyme at 65, 70 and 75°C were 2440,
254 and 93 h, respectively, indicating that it is the most thermostable of the known endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanases. 相似文献
9.
Ha-Young Park Hye-Jung Kim Jung-Kul Lee Doman Kim Deok-Kun Oh 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(8):1553-1558
A recombinant β-galactosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus produced galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose by transgalactosylation. The enzyme activity for GOS production was maximal
at pH 6.0 and 85°C. The half-lives of the recombinant β-galactosidase at 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90°C were 700, 111, 72, 43, and
2.4 h, respectively, and its deactivation energy was 213 kJ mol−1. The optimal amount of enzyme for effective GOS production was 3.6 U of enzyme ml−1. GOS production increased with increasing lactose concentration, whereas the yield of GOS from lactose was almost constant.
The rates of hydrolysis and transgalactosylation reactions increased with increasing temperature but the final concentration
of GOS was maximal at 80°C. Under the conditions of pH 6.0, 80°C, 600 g lactose l−1, and 3.6 U enzyme ml−1, 315 g GOS l−1 were obtained for 56 h with a yield of 52.5% (w/w). The β-galactosidase from S. solfataricus produced GOS with the highest concentration and yield among thermostable β-galactosidases reported to date. 相似文献
10.
Growth and lignocellulolytic enzymes production by two Morchella esculenta strains (BAFC 1728 and BEL 124) growing in solid state fermentation using different lignocellulosic materials along 58 days
was characterized. Both strains were able to grow on the three substrates: wheat bran, wheat bran plus corn starch, and rolled
oat. The growth was characterized by measuring chitin content, reducing sugars, pH, dry weight loss, and extractable proteins,
such parameters varied substantially with substrate and strain used. The maximum rate of growth in both strains was observed
between 5 and 28 days. Regarding enzyme production, as a general trend strain BAFC 1728 produced the highest titres. The most
evident difference was observed in laccase production by this strain on wheat bran, which exceeded that observed in strain
BEL 124 by tenfold (7.45 U g−1). 相似文献
11.
Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans was selected from among 100 strains of fungi for producing ginsenoside F1 from ginsenoside Rg1. The enzyme responsible was purified as a single 85 kDa band with a specific activity of 136 U mg−1. It hydrolysed glucose-linked ginsenosides Rb1, Rd and Rg1 but not for other monosaccharide-linked ginsenosides, Rb2, Rc, R1, and Re. Under the optimum conditions of pH 6.0, 50°C, 30 U l−1 of enzyme, and 5 mg Rg1 ml−1, 4 mg F1 ml−1 was produced after 4 h, with a molar yield of 100% and a productivity of 1 g l−1 h−1. This represents the highest productivity and conversion yield of F1 yet reported. 相似文献
12.
Cui Fengjie Li Yin Liu Zhiqiang Zhao Hui Ping Lifeng Ping Liying Yang Yinan Xue Yaping Yan Lijiao 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(4):721-725
The objective of this study was to maximize production of xylanase by a newly isolated strain Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effects of significant factors such as pH, temperature, xylan
concentration, and cultivation time, on the production of xylanase by Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. The optimal fermentation parameters for enhanced xylanase production were found to be pH 7.72, temperature 24.8°C, xylan
13.2 g l−1 and the fermentation time 125.8 h. The model predicted a xylanase activity of 75.24 U ml−1. Verification of the optimization showed that the maximum xylanase production reached 73.50 U mL−1 in the flask experiments and 80.23 U mL−1 in the scale of 15-L fermenter under the optimal condition. 相似文献
13.
Kemel Jellouli Ali Bougatef Laila Manni Rym Agrebi Rayda Siala Islem Younes Moncef Nasri 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(7):939-948
A protease-producing bacterium was isolated from an alkaline wastewater of the soap industry and identified as Vibrio metschnikovii J1 on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical properties. The strain was found to over-produce proteases
when it was grown at 30°C in media containing casein as carbon source (14,000 U ml−1). J1 enzyme, the major protease produced by V. metschnikovii J1, was purified by a three-step procedure, with a 2.1-fold increase in specific activity and 33.3% recovery. The molecular
weight of the purified protease was estimated to be 30 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The N-terminal amino acid sequence
of the first 20 amino acids of the purified J1 protease was AQQTPYGIRMVQADQLSDVY. The enzyme was highly active over a wide
range of pH from 9.0 to 12.0, with an optimum at pH 11.0. The optimum temperature for the purified enzyme was 60°C. The activity
of the enzyme was totally lost in the presence of PMSF, suggesting that the purified enzyme is a serine protease. The kinetic
constants K
m and K
cat of the purified enzyme using N-succinyl-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Pro-l-Phe-p-nitroanilide were 0.158 mM and 1.14 × 105 min−1, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (K
cat
/K
m) was 7.23 × 108 min−1 M−1. The enzyme showed extreme stability toward non-ionic surfactants and oxidizing agents. In addition, it showed high stability
and compatibility with some commercial liquid and solid detergents. The aprJ1 gene, which encodes the alkaline protease from V. metschnikovii J1, was isolated, and its DNA sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the preproenzyme differs from that
of V. metschnikovii RH530 detergent-stable protease by 12 amino acids, 7 located in the propeptide and 5 in the mature enzyme. 相似文献
14.
Téllez-Téllez M Fernández FJ Montiel-González AM Sánchez C Díaz-Godínez G 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,81(4):675-679
Pleurotus ostreatus showed atypical laccase production in submerged vs. solid-state fermentation. Cultures grown in submerged fermentation produced
laccase at 13,000 U l−1, with a biomass production of 5.6 g l−1 and four laccase isoforms. However, cultures grown in solid-state fermentation had a much lower laccase activity of 2,430 U
l−1, biomass production of 4.5 g l−1, and three laccase isoforms. These results show that P. ostreatus performs much better in submerged fermentation than in solid-state fermentation. This is the first report that shows such
atypical behavior in the production of extracellular laccases by fungi. 相似文献
15.
Rosa María Camacho Juan Carlos Mateos Orfil González-Reynoso Lilia Arely Prado Jesús Córdova 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(7):901-909
The present study was conducted to investigate the capability of Haloarcula marismortui to synthesize esterases and lipases, and the effect of physicochemical conditions on the growth and the production of esterases
and lipases. Finally, the effect of NaCl concentration and temperature on esterase and lipase activities was studied using
intracellular crude extracts. In order to confirm the genomic prediction about the esterase and lipase synthesis, H. marismortui was cultured on a rich medium and the crude extracts (intra- or extracellular) obtained were assayed for both activities
using p-nitrophenyl esters and triacylglycerides as substrates. Studies on the kinetics of growth and production of esterase and
lipase of H. marismortui were performed, reaching a maximum growth rate of 0.053 h−1 and maximal productions of intracellular esterase and lipase of 2.094 and 0.722 U l−1 using p-nitrophenyl valerate and p-nitrophenyl laurate, respectively. Both enzymes were produced as growth-associated metabolites. The effects of temperature,
pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth rate and production of enzymes were studied by using a Box–Behnken response surface
design. The three response variables were significantly influenced by the physicochemical factors and an interaction effect
between temperature and NaCl concentration was also evidenced. The surface response method estimated the following maximal
values for growth rate and productions of esterase and lipase: 0.086 h−1 (at 42.5°C, pH 7.4, and 3.6 mol l−1 NaCl), 2.3 U l−1 (at 50°C, pH 7.5, and 4.3 mol l−1 NaCl), and 0.58 U l−1 (at 50°C, pH 7.6, and 4.5 mol l−1 NaCl), respectively. Esterases were active at different salt concentrations, showing two optimal activities (at 0.5 and 5 mol l−1 NaCl), which suggested the presence of two different esterases. Interestingly, in the absence of salt, esterase retained
50% residual activity. Esterases and lipase activities were maximal at 45°C and inactive at 75°C. This study represents the
first report evidencing the synthesis of esterase and lipase by H. marismortui. 相似文献
16.
Hao J Song F Huang F Yang C Zhang Z Zheng Y Tian X 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2007,34(3):233-240
The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of laccase by newly isolated deuteromycete Pestalotiopsis sp. was tested under liquid-state fermentation. Twenty grams per liter of glucose and 10 g l−1 ammonium tartrate were found to be the optimized concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The influence
of different inducers and inhibitors on the laccase production was also examined. Adding the Cu up to optimum concentration
of 2.0 mM in medium (include 20 g l−1 glucose and 10 g l−1 ammonium tartrate), the highest laccase activity of 32.7 ± 1.7 U ml−l was achieved. Cu had to be supplemented after 2 days of growth for its maximal effect, an addition after 6 days of growth,
during which laccase activity was dominantly formed, resulted in distinctly reduced laccase activity. In addition, Direct
Fast Blue B2RL can be effectively decolorized by crude laccase, the decolorization percentage of which was 88.0 ± 3.2% at
pH 4.0 within 12 h. The results suggest that Pestalotiopsis sp. is a high potential producer of the industrially important enzyme laccase. 相似文献
17.
Phellinus robustus produced both laccase (700–4,000 U l−1) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) (1,000–11,300 U l−1) in fermentation of nine food wastes, whereas Ganoderma adspersum produced only laccase (600–34,000 U l−1). Glucose provided high laccase and MnP activity of P. robustus but repressed enzyme production by G. adspersum. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium tartrate increased the P. robustus laccase yield (3-fold), whereas the accumulation of MnP was not enhanced by additional nitrogen. 相似文献
18.
Mark S. Ou Lonnie O. Ingram K. T. Shanmugam 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(5):599-605
Lactic acid is used as an additive in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, and is also an industrial chemical. Optically
pure lactic acid is increasingly used as a renewable bio-based product to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, current
production of lactic acid depends on carbohydrate feedstocks that have alternate uses as foods. The use of non-food feedstocks
by current commercial biocatalysts is limited by inefficient pathways for pentose utilization. B. coagulans strain 36D1 is a thermotolerant bacterium that can grow and efficiently ferment pentoses using the pentose-phosphate pathway
and all other sugar constituents of lignocellulosic biomass at 50°C and pH 5.0, conditions that also favor simultaneous enzymatic
saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose. Using this bacterial biocatalyst, high levels (150–180 g l−1) of lactic acid were produced from xylose and glucose with minimal by-products in mineral salts medium. In a fed-batch SSF
of crystalline cellulose with fungal enzymes and B. coagulans, lactic acid titer was 80 g l−1 and the yield was close to 80%. These results demonstrate that B. coagulans can effectively ferment non-food carbohydrates from lignocellulose to l(+)-lactic acid at sufficient concentrations for commercial application. The high temperature fermentation of pentoses and
hexoses to lactic acid by B. coagulans has these additional advantages: reduction in cellulase loading in SSF of cellulose with a decrease in enzyme cost in the
process and a reduction in contamination of large-scale fermentations. 相似文献
19.
Bettin F Montanari Q Calloni R Gaio TA Silveira MM Dillon AJ 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(1):1-9
Some conditions in media composition for laccases production, such as different sources of carbon and organic nitrogen, antifoams
and a surfactant, were studied in liquid cultures of Pleurotus sajor-caju strain PS-2001. Cultivation with fructose or glucose as carbon sources produced maximum enzyme activities of 37 and 36 U mL−1, respectively. When sucrose was present in the medium, the best results were obtained using 5 g L−1 of this carbohydrate, on the 11th day of the process, attaining laccase titres of 13 U mL−1. In a medium without casein, practically no enzyme was produced during the experiments; among the sources of nitrogen studied,
pure casein led to the highest titres of laccase activity. Different concentrations of pure casein and sucrose were also tested.
As to the different concentrations of casein, the addition of 1.5 g L−1 resulted in the highest titres of laccase activity. Negligible levels of manganese peroxidase activity were also detected
in the culture medium. In low concentrations, polypropylene glycol or silicon-based antifoams and the surfactant Tween 80
have no significant influence on the formation of laccases by P. sajor-caju. However, enhanced concentration of polypropylene glycol negatively affected the production of laccases but favored the titres
in total peroxidases, lignin peroxidase and veratryl alcohol oxidase. 相似文献
20.
In vitro transgenic hairy root cultures provide a rapid system for physiological, biochemical studies and screening of plants
for their phytoremediation potential. The hairy root cultures of Brassica juncea L. showed 92% decolorization of Methyl orange within 4 days. Out of the different redox mediators that were used to achieve
enhanced decolorization, 2, 2′-Azinobis, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was found to be the most efficient.
Laccase activity of 4.5 U mg−1 of protein was observed in hairy root cultures of Brassica juncea L., after the decolorization of Methyl orange. Intracellular laccase produced by B. juncea root cultures grown in MS basal medium was purified up to 2.0 fold with 6.62 U mg−1 specific activity using anion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight of the purified laccase was estimated to be 148 kDa
by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme efficiently oxidized ABTS which was also
required for oxidation of the other tested substrates. The pH and temperature optimum for laccase activity were 4.0 and 40°C,
respectively. The purified enzyme was stable up to 50°C and was stable in the pH range of 4.0–6.0. Laccase activity was strongly
inhibited by sodium azide, EDTA, dithiothreitol and l-cysteine. The purified enzyme decolorized various textile dyes in the presence of ABTS as an efficient redox mediator. These
findings contribute to a better understanding of the enzymatic process involved in phytoremediation of textile dyes by using
hairy roots. 相似文献