根霉α-半乳糖苷酶的三相分离及其酶学性质

根霉Rhizopus sp. A01发酵豆渣产α-半乳糖苷酶,粗酶液依次经过三相分离、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤获得了电泳纯的α-半乳糖苷酶,纯化了6.7倍,总酶活回收率达到46%;凝胶过滤和SDS-PAGE显示该酶为相对分子质量为87.6kDa的单体蛋白。该酶水解对硝基苯-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷的最适pH值为5.0,最适温度为55℃,表观Km、kcat/Km分别为2.56mmol/L、47,400L/mol·s;能微弱水解蜜二糖和棉子糖,水解蜜二糖的速率是水解棉子糖速率的3.4倍;水解活性受多种     

南海深海新颖低温脂肪酶的克隆、表达及酶学性质鉴定

从南海深海放线菌Pseudonocardia antitumoralis SCSIO 01299中克隆一个脂肪酶基因 lipaseB5。lipaseB5 基因片段大小为972bp,编码的蛋白质具有323个氨基酸残基并与Pseudonocardia sp. HH130629-09中假定脂肪酶有98%的同源性。以pET28a(+)为载体,将重组质粒转化到E. coli BL21(DE3)中,实现lipaseB5高效表达,并利用Ni-NTA 亲和层析纯化lipaseB5。LipaseB5最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚癸酸酯(p-NPD),最适温度为30℃,最适反应pH为7.5。LipaseB5催化p-NPD水解反应的活性达到140.14U/mg,V_max和K_m分别为109.8μmol/min、0.976mmol/L,催化橄榄油的活力为32.019 7U/mg。LipaseB5在pH7.5~8.5保持良好的pH稳定性;在10~20℃低温下保持较高的酶活力,在10~40℃内具有温度稳定性。LipaseB5对大部分金属离子有很好的耐受性,低浓度的Li⁺、Mg²⁺对该酶活性有促进作用。LipaseB5对高浓度的NaCl有很好的耐受性,在100mmol/L的NaCl存在下,酶活性大约保持在103%。LipaseB5对多种短链醇类有机溶剂和表面活性剂有很好的耐受性,TritonX-100、Tween-80和Tween-20对lipaseB5酶有激活作用。     

氧化铁鞘细菌铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及其酶学特性的研究

对氧化铁鞘细菌FC990 1菌株的铁氧化酶最适产酶条件及酶学特性进行了研究。菌株最适产酶培养基为 (g/L) :柠檬酸铁胺 10g ,NaNO3 1.2g,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,K2 HPO4·7H2 O 0 .5g ,CaCl2 0 .0 15g ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .0 0 0 5g。最适产酶条件为 :温度 30℃ ,起始pH7.0 ,接种量 2 % ,15 0mL三角瓶装 5 0mL ,15 0r/min振荡培养 72h。铁氧化酶最适pH为7.5 ,最适温度为 30℃。金属离子Ca2 、Mg2 、Zn2 对酶有激活和稳定作用 ;Cu2 、Hg2 、Al3 则抑制酶的活性 ;Fe2 、K 、Na 对酶活性影响不明显。     

螺旋藻过氧化氢酶的比较研究

采用碘量法对毛乌素沙地碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S1 与国外引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2 和极大螺旋藻S3 的过氧化氢酶 (CAT)进行了比较研究。结果表明 :S1 、S2 和S3CAT活性在 2 5℃、pH 7 0时分别为 41 0 7U/g·FW、 550 4U/g·FW和 370 3U/g·FW ;Km值分别为 5 0× 1 0 - 2mol/L、 5 4× 1 0 - 2 mol/L和 3 8× 1 0 - 2 mol/L ;最适温度分别为 2 5℃、 2 5℃和 40℃ ;最适pH值分别为 7 2、 7 6和 7 8。内蒙古特有的S1 CAT对温度和pH适应范围宽 ,且在低温、高温和强碱下的活性比引进种的高。     

耶尔森氏菌Lip-KM1脂肪酶的纯化及酶学特性研究

从食品冷冻厂样品中筛选得到1株产脂肪酶的低温菌株KM1,经16S rRNA基因序列分析将其初步鉴定为Yersinia enterocolitica的亚种。该低温菌株分泌的胞外脂肪酶Lip-KM1经40%硫酸铵沉淀、超滤浓缩、SephacryTMHRS-100分子筛和Superdex G75凝胶过滤后,得到电泳纯的酶产物,纯化倍数为26倍,回收率为10.3%,相对分子质量约为34.3 kD。在0~25℃和pH 7.2~10范围内均保持良好的催化活性;最适催化温度为37℃,最适pH值为9.0,为典型的低温碱性脂肪酶。     

日本根霉IFO5318胞外β—葡萄糖苷酶的纯化及部分特性

采用硫酸铵沉淀及柱层析等步骤纯化了日本根霉IFO5318的β—葡萄糖苷酶,回收率为22％。该酶分子量约为4.0×10~5,由四个相同大小的亚基组成;最适反应温度55℃,最适反应pH5.5;对热较敏感,但能在较大的pH范围内保持稳定。用对硝基苯基—β-D-吡喃葡糖苷为底物,测得的K_m和V_(max)值分别为0.825mg·ml~(-1)和135.4μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1)。该酶对纤维二糖的水解能力最强,SDS、Fe~(3 )、Hg~2 )等对酶活力有抑制作用。     

一种不对称水解（R,S）-2,6-二甲基苯基氨基丙酸甲酯的新酯酶基因的克隆表达和酶学性质研究

本文将来自反硝化无色杆菌Achromobacterdenitrificans1104的酯酶基因EHest,转化大肠杆菌中,成功表达了具有不对称水解农药甲霜灵的中间体(R,S)-2,6-二甲基苯基氨基丙酸甲酯( MAP )活性的酯酶EHesterase。用重组酯酶EHesterase催化MAP 的水解,底物浓度50 g/L,反应1h的转化率29.5%,产物( R-酸)的eep 是85.1%。该酶的最适反应pH和温度分别为9.0和50℃,在50℃以下和pH5~9之间具有较好的稳定性。该酶水解MAP 的米氏动力学参数Vm、Km 分别是0.733 g/(L·min)和7.49 g/L。加入10%DMSO对酶EHesterase的立体选择性和催化速度有一定的促进作用。 Cu2+、Fe3+对酶活有明显抑制作用。该酶水解MAP 的活性与水解p-对硝基苯乙酸酯的活性数量级相当,是水解橄榄油活性的333倍。     

绿色木霉MJ1产内切β-葡聚糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

利用KTAUPC-900快速蛋白液相色谱系统(FPLC)从绿色木霉MJ1固体发酵产物中分离纯化出内切β-葡聚糖苷酶。分离纯化后酶的比活力提高了28·6倍,回收率为19·7%。SDS-PAGE后经BIO-RAD凝胶成像系统分析该内切酶的分子量为64·7kD。酶学试验研究表明:该酶的最适反应温度53℃,最适pH为4·2,Lineweaver-Burk法求得动力学参数,Km和Vmax分别为1·230×10-2g/mL、2·396×10-2mg/(mL·min)。并确定了FPLC层析缓冲液的离子强度为2·2mmol/L时分离效果达到最佳。     

嗜冷枯草芽孢杆菌低温脂肪酶纯化与酶学性质研究

从筛选出的产低温脂肪酶的菌株发酵液中,经硫铵沉淀、疏水色谱和阴离子交换色谱纯化得到电泳纯酶。酶的最适作用温度为25℃,0℃以下仍可保持25%左右的相对酶活;在pH5.8～8.8的范围内有较高活力,其最适作用pH为7.8;对热很敏感,在60℃保温30min活性即全部丧失,具有典型的低温脂肪酶特征;酶催化不需要金属离子的参与,结构中可能含有二硫键。在25℃,pH8.0测得酶水解反应的Km值为2.65×10-5mol/L,Vmax值为5.21mmol/(L.min)。     

Pseudomonas sp. RT-1低温脂肪酶的纯化及酶学特性

Pseudomonas sp. RT-1是从低温环境下分离的低温脂肪酶产生菌,对该菌产生的胞外脂肪酶(PL-1)进行纯化,并对其酶学特性进行初步研究。Pseudomonas sp. RT-1的发酵上清液经60%(NH4)2SO4沉淀、12~14000截留相对分子质量(MWCO)透析袋透析、Sephadex G75分子筛和超滤浓缩后,得到了电泳纯的P-L1。SDS-PAGE电泳估算其表观相对分子质量为4.43×104。对其酶学特性研究表明:PL-1是低温碱性脂肪酶且对有机溶剂的耐受性较好。10~40℃内有较好的催化活性,最适作用温度为18℃;0~50℃该酶的稳定性较好,当温度超过50℃时则容易失活;最适作用pH为10.2,且pH在9~11时较稳定;该酶对有机溶剂的耐受性较好,10mmol/L的Ca2+、K+、Na+和Fe3+对PL1的酶活力有促进作用,其中Ca2+促进作用最大,提高了146.07%,而10mmol/L的Cu2+、Co2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ba2+和Al3+对酶活力具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中Al3+抑制作用最强,抑制了98.55%;PL-1对C链长度小于或等于12的短链脂肪酸形成的甘油三酯具有较强的水解能力;1mmol/L的去氧胆酸盐(desoxycholate)和0.01%的Triton X100对酶活力具有提高作用,分别提高了30.74%和11.83%;0.01%的SDS和Tween-80、1mmol/L的EDTA和尿素对酶活都有抑制作用,其中EDTA的抑制作用最大,抑制了80%。     

A New Cold-Adapted,Organic Solvent Stable Lipase from Mesophilic Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2

The gene encoding a cold-adapted, organic solvent stable lipase from a local soil-isolate, mesophilic Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2 was expressed in a prokaryotic system. A two-step purification of AT2 lipase was achieved using butyl sepharose and DEAE sepharose column chromatography. The final recovery and purification fold were 47.09 % and 3.45, respectively. The molecular mass of the purified lipase was estimated to be 43 kDa. AT2 lipase was found to be optimally active at pH 8 and stable at pH 6–9. Interestingly, this enzyme demonstrated remarkable stability at cold temperature (<30 °C) and exhibited optimal activity at a temperature of 25 °C. A significant enhancement of the lipolytic activity was observed in the presence of Ca²⁺, Tween 60 and Tween 80. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, a well known serine inhibitor did not cause complete inhibition of the enzymatic activity. AT2 lipase exhibited excellent preferences towards long chain triglycerides and natural oils. The lipolytic activity was stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide and diethyl ether, while more than 50 % of its activity was retained in methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, and n-hexane. Taken together, AT2 lipase revealed highly attractive biochemical properties especially because of its stability at low temperature and in organic solvents.     

Production, purification, and characterization of lipase from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus coagulans BTS-3

A thermophilic isolate Bacillus coagulans BTS-3 produced an extracellular alkaline lipase, the production of which was substantially enhanced when the type of carbon source, nitrogen source, and the initial pH of culture medium were consecutively optimized. Lipase activity 1.16 U/ml of culture medium was obtained in 48 h at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5 with refined mustard oil as carbon source and a combination of peptone and yeast extract (1:1) as nitrogen sources. The enzyme was purified 40-fold to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Its molecular weight was 31 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5, and was stable between pH 8.0 and 10.5 and at temperatures up to 70 degrees C. The enzyme was found to be inhibited by Al3+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ ions while K+, Fe3+, Hg2+, and Mg2+ ions enhanced the enzyme activity; Na+ ions have no effect on enzyme activity. The purified lipase showed a variable specificity/hydrolytic activity towards various 4-nitrophenyl esters.     

High-yield purification of an organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Pseudomonas sp. strain S5

An organic solvent-tolerant S5 lipase was purified by affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the lipase was estimated to be 60 kDa with 387 purification fold. The optimal temperature and pH were 45 degrees C and 9.0, respectively. The purified lipase was stable at 45 degrees C and pH 6-9. It exhibited the highest stability in the presence of various organic solvents such as n-dodecane, 1-pentanol, and toluene. Ca2+ and Mg2+ stimulated lipase activity, whereas EDTA had no effect on its activity. The S5 lipase exhibited the highest activity in the presence of palm oil as a natural oil and triolein as a synthetic triglyceride. It showed random positional specificity on the thin-layer chromatography.     

Purification and characterization of an extracellular lipase from a thermophilic Rhizopus oryzae strain isolated from palm fruit

We have isolated a lipolytic strain from palm fruit that was identified as a Rhizopus oryzae. Culture conditions were optimized and highest lipase production amounting to 120 U/ml was achieved after 4 days of cultivation. The extracellular lipase was purified 1200-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, sulphopropyl-Sepharose chromatography, Sephadex G 75 gel filtration and a second sulphopropyl-Sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8800 U/mg. The lipolytic enzyme has a molecular mass of 32 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The enzyme exhibited a single band in active polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its isoelectric point was 7.6. Analysis of Rhizopus oryzae lipase by RP-HPLC confirmed the homogeneity of the enzyme preparation. Determination of the N-terminal sequence over 19 amino acid residues showed a high homology with lipases of the same genus. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Lipase was stable in the pH range from 4.5 to 7.5. The optimum temperature for lipase activity was 35 degrees C and about 65% of its activity was retained after incubation at 45 degrees C for 30 min. The lipolytic enzyme was inhibited by Triton X100, SDS, and metal ions such as Fe(3+), Cu(2+), Hg(2+) and Fe(2+). Lipase activity against triolein was enhanced by sodium cholate or taurocholate. The purified lipase had a preference for the hydrolysis of saturated fatty acid chains (C(8)-C(18)) and a 1, 3-position specificity. It showed a good stability in organic solvents and especially in long chain-fatty alcohol. The enzyme poorly hydrolyzed triacylglycerols containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and appeared as a suitable biocatalyst for selective esterification of sardine free fatty acids with hexanol as substrate. About 76% of sardine free fatty acids were esterified after 30 h reaction whereas 90% of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was recovered in the unesterified fatty acids.     

A novel organic solvent tolerant lipase from Bacillus sphaericus 205y: extracellular expression of a novel OST-lipase gene

An organic solvent tolerant (OST) lipase gene from Bacillus sphaericus 205y was successfully expressed extracellularly. The expressed lipase was purified using two steps purification; ultrafiltration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) to 8-fold purity and 32% recovery. The purified 205y lipase revealed homogeneity on denaturing gel electrophoresis and the molecular mass was at approximately 30 kDa. The optimum pH for the purified 205y lipase was 7.0-8.0 and its stability showed a broad range of pH value between pH 5.0 to 13.0 at 37 degrees C. The purified 205y lipase exhibited an optimum temperature of 55 degrees C. The activity of the purified lipase was stimulated in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has no effect on its activity; however inhibition was observed with phenylmethane sulfonoyl fluoride (PMSF) a serine hydrolase inhibitor. Organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, p-xylene and n-decane enhanced the activity. Studies on the effect of oil showed that the lipase was most active in the presence of tricaprin (C10). The lipase exhibited 1,3 positional specificity. Keywords: Bacter     

Purification and characterization of a mesophilic lipase from Bacillus subtilis FH5 stable at high temperature and pH

Lipases are a class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. Microbial lipases are currently receiving much attention with the rapid development of enzyme technology. Bacillus subtilis FH5, isolated from tannery wastes, produced a thermostable alkalophilic lipase and was purified to homogeneity as judged by SDS-PAGE. The purification steps included acetone fractionation and sequential column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75 and adsorption chromatography on Hydroxylapatite. The results of chromatographies showed that two types of lipases were present having molecular weights approximately 62 kDa and 24 kDa, respectively. The purified enzyme was found to be 100% stable at pH 10 and about 80% residual activity was present at 60 degrees C. The enzyme was found to be stable in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions. Km value was calculated as 5.05 mM and Vmax as 0.416 micromol/ml/min. Bacillus subtilis FH5 was isolated from tannery waste, therefore, enzyme is environmentally compatible for application in leather degreasing process.     

One-step purification of chitinase from Serratia marcescens NK1, a soil isolate

AIMS: A simple single step technique of gel filtration was developed for the purification of chitinase from Serratia marcescens NK1. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chitinase from Ser. marcescens NK1 was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration chromatography with 9.2% recovery. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.2 and a temperature optimum of 47 degrees C. It was stable in a wide pH range of 3.0 to 10.0, retaining 60% activity at pH 3.0 and 65% activity at pH 10.5. It retained 70% activity at 28 degrees C after 72 h and nearly 50% activity at 50 degrees C up to 24 h. CONCLUSION: The chitinase from Ser. marcescens NK1 can be efficiently purified in a single step by gel filtration chromatography. The chitinase of Ser. marcescens NK1, a soil isolate, is highly stable and as active as that of other reported isolates of Ser. marcescens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This purification scheme is advantageous because of its simplicity and can therefore be applied for the purification of other enzymes. The yield is sufficient for initial characterization studies of the enzyme, and an improved resolution can be obtained if the chromatography is done under fast flow systems.     

A thermoalkaliphilic lipase of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Geobacillus</Emphasis> sp. T1

A thermoalkaliphilic T1 lipase gene of Geobacillus sp. strain T1 was overexpressed in pGEX vector in the prokaryotic system. Removal of the signal peptide improved protein solubility and promoted the binding of GST moiety to the glutathione-Sepharose column. High-yield purification of T1 lipase was achieved through two-step affinity chromatography with a final specific activity and yield of 958.2 U/mg and 51.5%, respectively. The molecular mass of T1 lipase was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. T1 lipase had an optimum temperature and pH of 70°C and pH 9, respectively. It was stable up to 65°C with a half-life of 5 h 15 min at pH 9. It was stable in the presence of 1 mM metal ions Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺ , but inhibited by Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺. Tween 80 significantly enhanced T1 lipase activity. T1 lipase was active towards medium to long chain triacylglycerols (C10–C14) and various natural oils with a marked preference for trilaurin (C12) (triacylglycerol) and sunflower oil (natural oil). Serine and aspartate residues were involved in catalysis, as its activity was strongly inhibited by 5 mM PMSF and 1 mM Pepstatin. The T _m for T1 lipase was around 72.2°C, as revealed by denatured protein analysis of CD spectra.     

Thermostable lipase of Bacillus Stearothermophilus: high-level production, purification, and calcium-dependent thermostability

An efficient expression system was developed for the production of the thermostable lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus L1 in an Escherichia coli system. A structural gene corresponding to mature lipase was subcloned in the pET-22b(+) expression vector and its expression was induced by IPTG at 30 degrees C in E. coli cells. The lipase activity in a cell-free extract was as high as 448,000 units/g protein, which corresponds to as much as 26% of the total cellular protein and is 77 times higher than that of E. coli RR1/pLIP1. Based on its pI (7.4) and pH stability data reported previously, the L1 lipase was efficiently purified to homogeneity with CM (at pH 6.0) and DEAE (at pH 8.8) column chromatographies with a recovery yield of 62%. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 1700 units/mg protein when olive oil emulsion was used as a substrate. Its optimum temperature for the hydrolysis of olive oil was 68 degrees C and it was stable up to 55 degrees C for 30 min-incubation. The thermostability increased by about 8-10 degrees in the presence of calcium ions. This calcium-dependent thermostability was confirmed by the tryptophan fluorescence emission kinetics showing that the enzyme starts to unfold at 66 degrees C in the presence of calcium ions but at 58 degrees C in the absence of calcium ions, implying that the calcium ions bind to the thermostable enzyme and stabilize the protein tertiary structure even at such high temperatures.     

Sunflower seed lipase: extraction, purification, and characterization

A simple procedure for the extraction of the lipolytic activity from sunflower seed has been developed. Various conditions of extraction have been optimized in order to obtain maximum yield of lipase. A new lipase enzyme was purified by the fractional salt precipitation from the supernatant, dialysis on a cellulose membrane, and gel column chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The lipase was monomeric, with an apparent Mr of 22 kDa and a pI of 8, with the electrophoretic analysis. Kinetics of the enzyme activity versus substrate concentration showed typical lipase behavior, with Km and Vmax, values of 1.33 mM and 555 U/mg. All triglycerides were efficiently hydrolyzed by the enzyme, but this showed a preference towards triglycerides of natural mono unsaturated fatty acids. The optimum temperature, pH, and incubation time for lipolytic activity were 50 degrees C, 7.5, and 5 min, respectively. The stability of the sunflower lipase was investigated under operational and storage conditions. It was found that this enzyme preserved its lipolytic activity at temperatures between at 35-50 degrees C, alkaline pH, and for a period of about four months.