黄瓜花性别分化与内源多胺的关系

研究了黄瓜雌、雄花几个主要发育时期和性别逆转过程中内源多胺的变化。结果表明 ,雄花在不同发育时期 ,内源腐胺含量均高于雌花 ,腐胺含量的显著升高伴随着花粉粒的形成 ,高腐胺含量是雄花发育的特征。雌花在大孢子母细胞时期以后直到雌花发育成熟 ,其内源尸胺含量均高于雄花 ,高尸胺含量可能有利于雌花的发育。高水平的内源多胺、精胺和亚精胺可能有利于雌花大孢子母细胞的形成。亚精胺和腐胺含量随着大小孢子四分体形成和大孢子核的连续分裂而分别表现下降和上升。雌性系黄瓜经硝酸银诱导雄花处理后 ,茎尖内源亚精胺含量下降 ,腐胺含量上升 ,从而诱导雄花形成 ;雄性系黄瓜经乙烯利诱导雌花处理后 ,茎尖内源亚精胺含量上升 ,腐胺含量下降 ,从而诱导雌花形成     

苗期高温处理对黄瓜衰老和性别分化及激素含量的影响

黄瓜品系新泰密刺、EP－6、XC-1苗期高温处理后植株衰老进程加,给花分化受抑,3个品系中EP－6雌花分化对高温不敏感,XC－1高温下较抗衰老。茎中精胺含量较低和乙烯释放量较高的植株衰老进程加速,腐胺和GA3含量较高的植株雄花分化加快。     

苗期高温处理对黄瓜衰老和性别分化及激素含量的影响1

黄瓜品系新泰密刺、EP-6、XC-1苗期高温处理后植株衰老进程加速,雌花分化受抑,3个品系中EP-6雌花分化对高温不敏感,XC-1高温下较抗衰老.茎尖中精胺含量较低和乙烯释放量较高的植株衰老进程加速,腐胺和GA3含量较高的植株雄花分化加快.     

离体黄瓜子叶节花芽分化与内源激素及多胺的关系

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了黄瓜子叶节花芽分化期(0—6天)内源激素及多胺的变化。结果显示,子叶培养0—2天生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素均明显下降,4—5天略有上升,表明0-2天IAA、GA3和ABA的剧降有利于花原基形成,3—5天较高的ZT含量有利于花器官原基的形成。除腐胺(Put)外,精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)、尸胺(Cad)在0—1天均下降,1—4天上升,4—5天再下降,Put在0—1天急剧上升,而后持续下降,表明高水平的内源多胺总量和Put可能有利于花原基分化,2天后Spm含量上升有利于花器官原基分化,而Cad含量变化可能是区别花芽和营养芽分化的特征之一。     

不同光周期对丝瓜幼苗生长生理及其内源激素含量和性别分化的影响

以该课题组自主选育的普通丝瓜(BG-1-1-3-1)为材料,采用人工遮光的方式,研究不同光周期[6、8、10和14 h/d(自然光周期,CK)]处理对丝瓜幼苗生长生理及其内源激素含量和性别分化的影响,为丝瓜设施栽培中的光照管理提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)随着光周期的缩短,丝瓜幼苗生物量的积累呈显著减少的趋势;幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,SOD、POD和CAT活性,以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,并均以光周期为10 h/d时最高。(2)丝瓜幼苗叶片GA_3、IAA和ZT含量在光周期为8和10 h/d时较低,而在光周期为6和14 h/d时较高,但ABA含量变化趋势却相反。(3)当光周期为10 h/d时,丝瓜的第一雌花节位、第一雄花节位均最低,雌花总数和果实产量最高。研究发现,适当的短日处理可以促进丝瓜雌花的分化和果实产量提高,并以光周期10 h/d处理的效果最佳。     

菊苣体内成花梯度与内源激素的关系（简报）

营养生长期和生殖生长期菊苣茎的不同部位表皮薄层细胞中内源IAA、Z＋ZR、DHZ＋DHZR、iPA含量不同。生殖生长期中,IAA、iPA、DHZ＋DHZR含量的梯度分布明显加大,而Z＋ZR则小。细胞分裂素对花芽分化的促进以iPA作用最大,DHZ＋DHZR次之,Z＋ZR的作用较小。成花梯度与内源IAA含量以及iPA、DHZ＋DHZR含量的梯度分布密切相关。     

离体黄瓜子叶节花芽分化与内源激素及多胺的关系

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了黄瓜子叶节花芽分化期(0-6天)内源激素及多胺的变化。结果显示,子叶培养0-2天生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA_3)、玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素均明显下降,4-5天略有上升,表明0-2天IAA、GA_3和ABA的剧降有利于花原基形成,3-5天较高的ZT含量有利于花器官原基的形成。除腐胺(Put)外,精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)、尸胺(Cad)在0-1天均下降,1-4天上升,4-5天再下降,Put在0-1天急剧上升,而后持续下降,表明高水平的内源多胺总量和Put可能有利于花原基分化,2天后Spm含量上升有利于花器官原基分化,而Cad含量变化可能是区别花芽和营养芽分化的特征之一。     

烟草叶外植体分化和脱分化过程中几种内源激素变化(简报)

普通烟草及胶烟草叶外植体分化及脱分化所要求的外源激素的激动素/生长素的比值不同,在脱分化过程中,前者的iPA含量达 720.0 ng g~(-1)FW,而后者未检测到。分化时期的ZR/GA_(4 7)或iPA/GA_(4 7)含量均高于脱分化的。     

黄瓜茎端ABA/GA_4比值与花芽性别分化的关系(英文)

在同一环境条件下,单雌性株茎端ABA含量显著高于雌雄同株的,而GA_4水平却正好相反。 较高的ABA/GA_4比值有利于黄瓜雌性分化,反之则有利于雄性分化。促进黄瓜雄性分化的生长物质GA_3和AgNO_3会引起黄瓜茎端ABA/GA_4比值的下降,而促进其雌性分化的生长物质乙烯利(Ethrel)则会引起ABA/GA_4比值的上升。     

黄瓜导入异戊烯基转移酶基因后对内源激素的影响

用根癌农杆菌C58Cl_PHZ6111)转化黄瓜外植体,在无激素的MS_0培养基上获得转化植株。经胭脂碱测定和氯霉素抗性实验,所测16株均为转化型。气相色谱分析表表,转化植株2—ip和IPA的含量分别为非转化植株的10.7倍和66.7倍,基因4的引入不仅提高了转化植株1AA的会量,也促进了ABA和赤霉素的合成和积累。     

鹅掌楸属种间杂种优势与内源植物激素的关系

研究了鹅掌楸属( Liriodendron )种间F1杂种(杂种马褂木 L.chinense × L.tulipifera )及其亲本种(中国马褂木 L.chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg.和北美鹅掌楸 L.tulipifera L.)在生长性状和内源GA1/3、IAA和iPA含量上的差异性.结果表明:(1)杂种马褂木高生长性状杂种优势主要是由节间的相对伸长造成的,鹅掌楸属节间伸长区位于顶芽下第1～3节间,其中第1节间伸长量最大、是产生杂种优势的主要节间; (2)中国马褂木、北美鹅掌楸和杂种马褂木内源GA1/3、IAA和iPA含量差异很大,顶芽下第1节间GA1/3和iPA含量杂种家系分别为两个亲本种中含量相对较高的中国马褂木的133.58%～284.17%和396.64%～1 264.28%.杂种马褂木顶芽下第1节间中GA1/3和iPA含量的大量增加可能与高生长性状杂种优势有关; (3)杂种家系3年生时其苗高生长量排序与顶芽下第1节间中GA1/3和iPA含量排序并不一致,不能以第1节间GA1/3和iPA含量的高低作为预测杂种家系间杂种优势大小的依据.     

鹅掌楸属种间杂种优势与内源植物激素的关系

研究了鹅掌楸属 (Liriodendron)种间F1 杂种 (杂种马褂木L .chinense×L .tulipifera)及其亲本种 (中国马褂木L .chinense (Hemsl.)Sarg .和北美鹅掌楸L .tulipiferaL .)在生长性状和内源GA1 / 3 、IAA和iPA含量上的差异性。结果表明 :(1 )杂种马褂木高生长性状杂种优势主要是由节间的相对伸长造成的 ,鹅掌楸属节间伸长区位于顶芽下第1～ 3节间 ,其中第 1节间伸长量最大、是产生杂种优势的主要节间 ;(2 )中国马褂木、北美鹅掌楸和杂种马褂木内源GA1 / 3 、IAA和iPA含量差异很大 ,顶芽下第 1节间GA1 / 3 和iPA含量杂种家系分别为两个亲本种中含量相对较高的中国马褂木的 1 33.5 8%～ 2 84 .1 7%和 396 .6 4 %～ 1 2 6 4 .2 8%。杂种马褂木顶芽下第 1节间中GA1 / 3 和iPA含量的大量增加可能与高生长性状杂种优势有关 ;(3)杂种家系 3年生时其苗高生长量排序与顶芽下第 1节间中GA1 / 3 和iPA含量排序并不一致 ,不能以第 1节间GA1 / 3和iPA含量的高低作为预测杂种家系间杂种优势大小的依据     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207(recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207 (recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

Effects of Acifluorfen on Endogenous Antioxidants and Protective Enzymes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Cotyledons

The herbicide acifluorfen (2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-2-nitrobenzoate) causes strong photooxidative destruction of pigments and lipids in sensitive plant species. Antioxidants and oxygen radical scavengers slow the bleaching action of the herbicide. The effect of acifluorfen on glutathione and ascorbate levels in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledon discs was investigated to assess the relationship between herbicide activity and endogenous antioxidants. Acifluorfen decreased the levels of glutathione and ascorbate over 50% in discs exposed to less than 1.5 hours of white light (450 microeinsteins per square meter per second). Coincident increases in dehydroascorbate and glutathione disulfide were not observed. Acifluorfen also caused the rapid depletion of ascorbate in far-red light grown plants which were photosynthetically incompetent.

Glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate oxidase, ascorbate free radical reductase, peroxidase, and catalase activities rapidly decreased in acifluorfen-treated tissue exposed to white light. None of the enzymes were inhibited in vitro by the herbicide. Acifluorfen causes irreversible photooxidative destruction of plant tissue, in part, by depleting endogenous antioxidants and inhibiting the activities of protective enzymes.

     

黄瓜霜霉病抗性遗传分析

通过2个抗感杂交组合,采用多世代联合的分离分析方法研究了黄瓜霜霉病抗性的遗传机制.结果显示,2个组合的最适遗传模型分别是2对加性-显性-上位性主基因 加性-显性-上位性多基因模型和2对等加性主基因 加性-显性多基因模型.组合I最优模型的主基因遗传率是56.84%~87.16%,多基因遗传率是0~34.93%;2个主基因的加性效应均为-15.191,加性效应较强,显性效应较弱,它们之间的加性与加性和加性与显性上位性效应较强.组合Ⅱ最优模型的主基因和多基因遗传率分别为48.92%和42.11%;2个主基因的加性效应皆为-13.505,显性效性均为0,它们之间不存在互作效应.结果表明,黄瓜霜霉病抗性,以加性效应为主,主基因遗传力较高,但是微效多基因效应也占相当的比重,所以,在霜霉病抗性育种中,要重视主基因,同时兼顾多基因效应.