蔬菜残株堆肥及微生物菌剂对设施辣椒栽培土壤的改良作用

以‘中椒6号’辣椒为材料,采用盆栽方法,测定了蔬菜残株堆肥及微生物菌剂施用下辣椒栽培土壤理化性质、酶活性及辣椒叶片矿质元素含量、产量等指标。结果表明,与对照(未施用蔬菜残株堆肥、微生物菌剂)相比,单一施用蔬菜残株堆肥和微生物菌剂均能降低土壤容重,增加孔隙度,提高转化酶、磷酸酶活性及辣椒叶片钾、镁含量和产量,且蔬菜残株堆肥的作用效果优于微生物菌剂处理,并随堆肥用量的增加作用效果逐渐增强。蔬菜残株堆肥和微生物菌剂共同施用条件下,两者质量比例较低(分别为60和0.07 g/kg)时对上述指标的影响具有明显的协同作用,两者质量比例较高(分别为120和0.07 g/kg)时的协同作用不明显。研究发现,蔬菜残株堆肥和微生物菌剂可有效改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤酶活性,促进辣椒叶片矿质元素的吸收积累,从而提高辣椒产量,且施用的蔬菜残株堆肥与微生物菌剂质量比例较低时,两者具有明显的协同作用。     

Bell Pepper Mottle Virus, a Distinct Tobamovirus Infecting Pepper

Bell pepper mottle virus (BPeMV) can be distinguished by symptomatology and host range from other tobamoviruses but a reliable identification needs serological tests. The relationships of BPeMV to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) were investigated using precipitin drop tests on slides, immunodiffusion gel tests, double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirectELISA using enzyme-linked goat anti-rabbit globulins for the determination of antiserum titers and serological differentiation indices (SDI). Comparisons of SDIs and amino acid composition data demonstrated that BPeMV is a new species of the tobamovirusgroup. BPeMV, ORSV, PMMV, and TMGMV form a cluster within the genus (group) and could be considered as a subgenus of tobamoviruses.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌和有机土栽培对甜椒根际微生物分子多态性的影响

通过采用变形梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对普通土、普通土+GM、有机土和有机土+GM 4个不同处理下甜椒根际土壤微生物的多样性进行研究.结果表明,接茵处理使细菌的种类在数量上有所增加,其中有新的细菌类型的出现,也有一些细茵类型的减少和消失,一些共有细菌种类的数量也得到了丰富;应用有机土栽培有利于一些茵群的生长繁殖,有助于促成优势菌群的建立;对电泳图谱的相似性系数分析表明,有机土对细菌菌群多样性的影响强于接种菌根真菌处理;普通土接种菌根真菌对土壤微生物种群的影响强于有机土;接种菌根真菌使土壤的细菌种群结构发生了变化,并增加其菌群种类的相似性.     

雄性不育辣椒中几种内源植物激素的含量变化（简报）

与可育材料相比,不育系叶片和花中的ＩＡＡ明显亏缺,而ＡＢＡ水平则较高。在花器官中,两种细胞分裂素均是不育系高于保持系;而在叶片中不育系的ＺＲs含量低于保持系,iPAs的含量则相反。     

培育无选择标记的转基因植物

目前,几乎所有的植物遗传转化都要通过使用选择标记基因,如抗生素或除草剂抗性基因等来筛选转化子,虽然没有研究结果表明选择标记基因影响人类健康或环境安全,但近年来也引发了人们对转基因产品安全性的担心。为了消除公众对转基因食品的安全性顾虑,无选择标记的转基因植物应运而生。本文综述了共转化系统、位点特异性重组系统(包括FLP/FRT、Cre/lox、R/RS及Gin/gix系统)和转座子系统(Ac/Ds转座子系统)在培育无选择标记转基因植物中的应用。     

鼠妇的采集和培养

介绍了一种用花生麸培养鼠妇的新方法,能够在控制的时间内培养出足够量的鼠妇．保证了实验教学的正常开展。     

刺五加的栽培技术

本文主要论述了刺五加的育苗、栽培技术及开发利用价值.     

Microflora of Black and Red Pepper

Dilution cultures of 30 samples of ground black pepper yielded an average of 39,000 colonies of fungi per g, with a range of 1,700 to 310,000 per g. Total numbers of colonies of bacteria from 11 samples averaged 194,000,000 per g, with a range from 8,300,000 to 704,000,000 per g. A variety of fungi grew from nearly all surface-disinfected whole peppercorns that were cultured. Thirteen samples of ground red pepper from the United States yielded an average of 1,600 colonies of storage fungi per g and an equal number of other fungi; five samples from India yielded an average of 78,900 colonies of storage fungi per g and 169,400 colonies of other fungi per g. Among the fungi from both black and red pepper were Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus, some isolates of which, when grown for 8 to 10 days on moist autoclaved corn and fed to white rats or to 2-day-old Pekin ducklings, were rapidly lethal to them. Aflatoxin B₁ was isolated from one of the samples of corn on which A. flavus from black pepper was grown. Among the bacteria isolated from ground black pepper were Escherichia coli, E. freudii, Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp. No cultures of Shigella or Salmonella were found.     

The Extent of Starch Turnover in Mature Pepper Leaves in the Light

The extent of starch turnover in pepper leaves in the lighthas been estimated. After leaves were labelled with ¹⁴CO₂ atconstant specific activity for 4–7 h, the irradiance wasreduced to a level which caused no net change in the starchcontent of the leaf, and the supply of ¹⁴CO₂ was removed. Therewas no significant change in specific activity of starch overthe following 6–10 h, thus there was no exchange of ¹⁴C-starchwith ¹²C-assimilates entering the chloroplasts. Starch, turnover, ¹⁴C-labelling, pepper, Capsicum annuum L.     

辣椒染色体常规镜检技术

介绍了辣椒根尖染色体常规镜检操作的技术规程(取材、预处理、固定、解离、染色、压片、镜检、拍照)以及制片中存在的问题和解决办法。     

The Association of Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma with Stolbur Disease of Pepper in Spain

A phytoplasma disease, `stolbur', affects pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) in Spain. Affected plants have short internodes, green flowers buds and other symptoms that are characteristic of phytoplasma-induced diseases. Herein the detection and classification of the phytoplasma that may cause the disease is reported. DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicate that this phytoplasma should be classified in the clover proliferation group 16SrVI, a group that is clearly distinct from the stolbur group 16SrXII.     

辣椒子叶再生体系的建立

以保加利亚尖椒和赤研6号椒子叶为试材,探讨植物生长调节剂及其组合(LC与IAA)对不定芽诱导分化及伸长的影响。结果表明,LC 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L和LC 1.0 mg/L+IAA 1.0 mg/L均有利于保加利亚尖椒不定芽的分化,分化率均达100%,优胜芽率分别为83.3%和66.7%;LC 0.1 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L有利于保加利亚尖椒不定芽的伸长,伸长率达78.5%,而LC 0.2 mg/L+IAA 0.6 mg/L有利于赤研6号椒不定芽的伸长,伸长率达58.5%;1/2 MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L有利于不定芽的生根,保加利亚尖椒和赤研6号椒生根率分别为100%和85%。     

龙芽楤木栽培及开发利用

龙芽楤木,主要分布在东北地区.通过我们两年来的调查来看,龙芽楤木从其外部植物学特性来看差异很大,主要表现在多刺、少刺、新生芽的颜色、植株生长势、茎的软硬程度等方面.龙芽楤木用途主要在两个方面:其根皮可入药,有补气安神,强精滋肾等功能;其嫩芽营养丰富,是高档野菜,素有"山菜之王"的美誉,在国内国际市场非常走俏.由于市场需求的增大,野生资源日趋减少,人工栽培龙芽楤木潜力巨大.     

湖南辣椒地方品种资源与湘研辣椒品种选育的灰色关联分析

本文用灰色关联方法分析了40份湖南辣椒地方品种资源和12个杂交组合.结果表明,辣椒果实干物质、Vc和辣椒素含量、TMV、CMV和炭疽病抗性与第一花节位、株高、株幅、分枝数等植株性状的关系较近,与果长、果宽、单果重量、结果数和单株产量等果实性状的关系较远.根据灰色关联度的大小,从湖南辣椒地方品种资源中筛选出重要育种材料有伏地尖、河西牛角椒和湘潭晚辣椒,从杂交组合中筛选出优良杂交品种湘研1号、湘研3号、湘研5号、湘研9号和湘研10号,这些材料和品种均在育种和生产中发挥了重要作用,说明灰色关联分析方法能够用于指导辣椒育种.     

不同间作模式对辣椒养分利用、主要病虫害及产量的影响

在云南省丘北辣椒示范区对辣椒-花生、辣椒-大豆和辣椒-玉米间作模式进行调查研究.结果表明,总体上,间作系统中辣椒叶片N、P和 K含量均显著高于辣椒单作,其中辣椒-玉米(10 ∶2)间作系统中辣椒叶片N、P和K含量分别比单作增加12.93%、 5.17%和22.64%.与辣椒单作相比,辣椒间作显著提高了盛果期辣椒的株高和单株结果数,提高幅度分别为1.57%～20.89%和3.06%～307.52%;有效控制了辣椒病毒病、疫病和烟青虫的发生,控制效果分别达24.01%、6.87%～23.80%和4.31%～36.40%;辣椒间作显著提高了辣椒的生物量和产量,辣椒产量的增幅为9.73%～53.52%,起到了明显的增产、增值效果.初步筛选出的辣椒-花生(15∶5)、辣椒-大豆(8∶2)和辣椒-玉米(10 ∶2)三种辣椒间作模式供进一步生产示范.