Chemical constituents from Psychotria yunnanensis and its chemotaxonomic study

Phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Psychotria yunnanensis led to the isolation of four norisoprenoids (1–4), one monoterpenoid (5), and eleven phenolic compounds (6–16). To our knowledge, all compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2–16 were reported for the first time from the genus Psychotria. The chemotaxonomic significances of these compounds were summarized.     

Chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Xylaria euglossa Fr. and its chemotaxonomic study

Three anthracenones (1–3), two lactams (4–5), three sterols (6–8), one ceramides (9), one long-strain fatty acid (10) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Xylaria euglossa Fr. All the compounds were isolated from this fungus for the first time. Compound 1, 4 and 5 were isolated from the family Xylariaceae for the first time. Compound 1 and 4–5 were considered chemotaxonomically significant for the species Xylaria euglossa.     

Chemical constituents and chemotaxonomic study of Glycyrrhiza glabra L

Twenty compounds were obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., which were divided as fatty alcohols (1 and 5), sterols (2, 4 and 8), triterpenes (3, 6 and 7), flavones (9, 12–15), coumarins (10, 11, 19 and 20) and stilbenes (16–18). The chemotaxonomic significance of G. glabra and the other species among Fabaceae was also discussed. As a result, genus Glycyrrhiza may have close relationships with genera Caesalpinia and Dalbergia, and Trib. Galegeae may have close relationships with Caesalpinieae, Desmodieae, Dipterygeae and Millettieae.     

Chemical constituents from Aristolochia tagala and their chemotaxonomic significance

Fifteen compounds were obtained from the extract of the whole herbs of Aristolochia tagala, which were divided into eight aristolactam-type alkaloids (1–6, 14 and 15) and seven aristolochic acid derivatives (7–13). Their structures were identified as aristolactam BII, aristolactam II, sauristolactam, aristolactam I, 7-methoxyaristolactam IV, aristolactam AII, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-10-nitrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester, ariskanin A, ariskanin D, ariskanin E, aristolochic acid C, ariskanin C, ariskanin B, aristolactam-N-β-D-glucoside and cepharanone A N-β-D-glucoside by comparison of their spectral data with those reported previously in the literature. The chemotaxonomic relationships between A. tagala and other species of genus Aristolochia were also discussed. As a result, the isolated compounds closely matched the ones obtained in other species of the genus.     

Chemical constituents from Nuxia congesta and their chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Nuxia congesta led to the isolation and identification of fifteen compounds, including a new flavonoid, nuxiacin (5-hydroxy-3,8-dimethoxy flavone-7-O-β-D-glycopyranoside) (1). The structure of the new compound was determined using various spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. All compounds were isolated from N. congesta for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds in the family Stilbaceae and order Lamiales are discussed herein.     

Chemical constituents from Bupleurum chinese and their chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Bupleurum chinese DC. led to the isolation of eighteen compounds, including three chromones (1–3), seven flavonoids (4–10), one dihydrochalcone (11), two phenylpropanoid glycosides (12–13), one lignan (14), three sterols (15–17) and one stilbenoid (18). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Compounds 6–7, 11–14 and 18 were firstly reported from the genus Bupleurum and the family Apiaceae. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic value of the isolates was also discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Artemisia argyi and their chemotaxonomic significance

Twelve compounds, including one monoterpene (1), two sesquiterpene lactones (2–3), six flavonoids (4–9), one phenolic glycoside (10), one chromone (11) and one phenolic acid (12), were isolated and identified from the leaves of Artemisia argyi. Compounds 1–2, 4 and 6–7 have not been recorded before in this plant. Compounds 3, 9 and 11 were isolated from the genus Artemisia for the first time. This paper is the first report on the presence of compound 10 in species of Asteraceae. In addition, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Chemical constituents from Gendarussa vulgaris Nees and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Gendarussa vulgaris led to the isolation of one new triterpenoid derivative gvterpennoid B (1), one new natural product 3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (9), together with four known monoterpenoids (2–5) and three known phenylpropanoids (6–8). Structure elucidation of these compounds was performed based on NMR data and MS. Known metabolites (2–8) were isolated from the family Acanthaceae for the first time. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance and plant distributin of the isolates were also discussed in this thesis.     

Chemical constituents from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle and chemotaxonomic significance

Sixteen compounds were isolated from the root barks of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, including thirteen lignans (1–13), two coumarins (14–15), and one chalcone (16). This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 1–16 in the genus Ailanthus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. The plant distribution network of all isolated compounds was described to illustrate the significance of taxonomy. The presence of these congenetic lignans (1–13) and their biosynthetic relationships may be used for identification of Ailanthus genus.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical study of the fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim led to the isolation of sixteen compounds, including a new compound zantharin (1) and fifteen other known compounds, which consist of ten coumarins (2–11), three alkaloids (12–14), and two phenols (15–16). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, UV, and IR experiments) and by comparison with literature data. In this work, all the compounds were isolated from Z. bungeanum for the first time, in which, compounds 5 and 13–16 were reported for the first time from the genus Zanthoxylum and the Rutaceae family, respectively. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds is discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical study of the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim under the guidance of bioactivity led to the isolation of 18 compounds, including a new isobutylhydroxyamide (1) and 17 known compounds, i.e. six alkylamides (2–7), five coumarins (8–12), one benzene derivative (13), three flavonoids (14–16), and two sterols (17–18). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments) and by comparison with literature data. New compound (1) and known compound (2) are cis-trans isomeric isobutylhydroxyamides. Among them, compounds 9, 10, and 12 were isolated for the first time from Z. bungeanum, compound 11 was firstly recovered from the genus Zanthoxylum, and compound 14 was reported for the first time from the Rutaceae family. The chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds from Z. bungeanum is discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. And their chemotaxonomic significance

Phytochemical investigations on the fruit stalks and seeds of the plant Hovenia dulcis Thunb. led to the isolation of twenty-one compounds, including three triterpenes (1–3), two sterols (4–5), five flavonoids (6–10), two sesquiterpenes (11–12), one lignan (13), two phenylpropanoids (14–15), four benzoic acid derivatives (16–19), one acid amide (20) and one cerebroside (21). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previous literatures. Among them, ten compounds (4, 11–12, 14–20) were isolated from familiy Rhamnaceae, two (13, 21) from the genus Hovenia, and three (5, 8, 10) from the species Hovenia dulcis Thunb. for the first time, respectively. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolates was also discussed.     

Chemical constituents of Leucas zeylanica and their chemotaxonomic significance

Chemical study of the whole plant of Leucas zeylanica (L.) B. Br. has led to isolation of a new norditerpenoid isomer (1), along with 29 known compounds, including one norditerpenoid (2), three flavonoid glycosides (3–5), six flavonoids (6–11), two phytosterols (12–13), two phenylpropanoids (14, 19), two phthalate esters (15, 16), two phenolic compounds (17, 18), five terpenoids (20–24), one aliphatic glycoside (25), one nucleobase (26), one amino acid (27), two alkaloids (28–29), and one cytochalasin (30). The structures of these compounds were identified using NMR spectroscopic methods and comparing them with those previously reported. Twelve compounds (6, 15, 17–20, 22, 23, 26–29) were isolated for the first time from Leucas zeylanica and ten others (2, 4, 5, 7, 14, 16, 21, 24, 25, 30) from the Leucas genus. This study also discusses the chemotaxonomic relationships between Leucas zeylanica and other species of Leucas.     

Chemical constituents from the whole herbs of Peperomia tetraphylla and their chemotaxonomic significance

Our studies report the isolation of seventeen compounds (1–17), which include three phenolic acids (12–14), seven flavonoids (3, 6, 8, 11, 15–17), four secolignans (1, 2, 5 and 9), one tetrahydrofuran lignin (10) and two alkaloids (4 and 7). These compounds have been obtained from the Peperomia tetraphylla using chromatographic methods. Their structures were confirmed based on spectroscopic methods. Among them, five compounds (4, 7, 8, 11 and 15) were found in the family, four compounds (3 and 12–14) were firstly reported from genus Peperomia, and four compounds (6, 9, 16 and 17) were firstly obtained from this species. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of these ingredients from the whole plants of P. tetraphylla has been discussed in detail.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and their chemotaxonomic significance

Chemical investigation on the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn afforded 15 compounds, including five linear furocoumarins (1–5), six angular pyranocoumarins (6–11), two simple coumarins (12 and 13), a benzaldehyde derivative (14), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside (15). The structures of these compounds were established via spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their NMR data with the literature. Compound 1 was a new linear furocoumarin glycoside, while compounds 10–12, 14 and 15 were isolated from P. praeruptorum for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was summarized herein.     

Chemical constituents of Uncaria rhynchophylloides How and their chemotaxonomic significance

One undescribed 1,4-diazaindan-type alkaloid, namely howlumine (1), along with seventeen known compounds, including a known analogue, agrocybenine (2), three iridoid glycosides (3–5), four megastigmane glycosides (6–9), two benzoic acid derivatives (10–11), two phenylpropanoids (12–13), and five flavonoids (14–18), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Uncaria rhynchophylloides How. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Howlumine and agrocybenine represent the first report of 1,4-diazaindan-type alkaloids from the genus Uncaria. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.     

Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of Striga asiatica and Sauropus spatulifolius extracts,and their isolated constituents

A phytochemical investigation of Striga asiatica and the leaves of Sauropus spatulifolius revealed seventeen compounds, three of which were reported for the first time from nature, i.e. two alkaloids N-hydroxyethyl-2-acetylpyrrole, N-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-acetylpyrrole, and 2-(4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)acetic acid, for which the name sauropic acid was adopted. Their structures were established spectroscopically and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All extracts and isolates were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strain K1 and for cytotoxicity against MRC-5 cells.     

Chemical constituents from the seeds of Raphanus sativus L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical investigations on the seeds of Raphanus sativus L. led to the isolation and identification of 15 compounds, including eleven sinapoyl derivatives (1–11), two terpenes (12–13), and two phenolic acids (14–15). All chemical structures were elucidated via ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic methods, and further supported by comparison with literature data. Compound 11 was isolated from the genus Raphanus for the first time. Notably, Compounds 7, 9, and 12–14 were reported in the Brassicaceae family for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds is discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the whole plants of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge and their chemotaxonomic significance

Phytochemical study of the whole plants of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (Crassulaceae) led to the isolation of thirty-six constituents, including sixteen megastigmanes (1–16), seven sterols (17–23), five lignans (24–28), three triterpenoids (29–31), three phenols (32–34), one flavonoid (35), and one glycoside (36). The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and compared with literature data previously reported. This is the first confirmation of the presence of eleven compounds (4, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 24–26, 28, 32) isolated from the family Crassulaceae, one compound (3) from the genus Sedum, and two compounds (17 and 33) from S. sarmentosum. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of these ingredients from the whole plants of S. sarmentosum were discussed in detail.