双歧杆菌制剂对肿瘤化疗患者肠道菌群影响的Meta分析

探讨双歧杆菌制剂对肿瘤化疗患者肠道菌群的影响。

通过检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science以及CBM、CNKI、WanFang Data和VIP数据库,收集各数据库从建库至2022年7月发表的所有关于肿瘤化疗患者应用双歧杆菌制剂的随机对照试验,由2名研究者独立筛选文献,按照系统评价的要求对文献质量进行评估,使用Revman 5.4和Stata 17.0统计学软件进行Meta分析。

共纳入25篇文献（2 152例患者）,Meta分析结果显示,双歧杆菌制剂组患者肠道中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的数量高于对照组[SMD = 2.89,95% CI（2.28,3.49）,P＜0.001;SMD = 2.20,95% CI（1.57,2.84）,P＜0.001],双歧杆菌制剂组患者肠道中大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量低于对照组[SMD = −1.08,95% CI（−1.64,−0.52）,P＜0.001;SMD = −0.88,95% CI（−1.58,−0.17）,P = 0.010;SMD = −0.98,95% CI（−1.68,−0.28）,P = 0.006]。

在化疗的基础上添加双歧杆菌制剂对肠道主要菌群水平能起到显著的改善作用,降低不良反应发生率,值得在临床上推广及应用。

     

益生菌治疗类风湿关节炎的meta分析和试验序贯分析

系统评价益生菌治疗类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。

检索中国生物医学数据库、中国知网、万方、维普、Embase、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science数据库,时间均从建库至2021年7月,对公开发表的益生菌治疗类风湿关节炎的随机对照试验进行meta分析和试验序贯分析。

共纳入6项研究,总样本量242例。Meta分析显示,益生菌治疗类风湿关节炎能显著降低CRP[MD = ‒2.26,95% CI = （‒4.30,‒0.23）,P = 0.03]和TNF-α[MD = ‒1.78,95% CI = （‒2.73,0.83）,P＜0.01]水平,提高IL-10[MD = 3.80,95% CI = （0.40,7.19）,P = 0.03]水平,而ESR、IL-1β、IL-6、MDA、TAC、DAS28、TJC、SJC、HAQ和ACR20等水平均与安慰剂相当。敏感性分析显示结果较为稳健,试验序贯分析显示CRP的获益具有结论性,Egger检验显示不存在发表偏倚（P = 0.17）。

益生菌能够有效降低CRP和TNF-α水平,提高IL-10水平,具有治疗类风湿关节炎的潜力。

     

益生菌治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染效果的meta分析

通过循证医学的方法评价益生菌治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染的效果。

计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中关于益生菌治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染效果的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2021年8月18日,由2名研究者独立对文献进行资料提取和质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4统计软件对提取完成后的资料进行meta分析。

共纳入12篇研究,其中英文研究4篇,中文研究8篇,纳入研究对象1 029人,其中试验组537人,对照组492人。研究结果显示,益生菌能有效治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染[OR=7.80,95% CI（4.78,12.75）,P＜0.000 1],降低口腔假丝酵母菌检出率[OR=0.06,95% CI（0.01,0.57）,P=0.010 0],降低治愈后复发率[OR=0.21,95% CI（0.12,0.35）,P＜0.000 1]。

益生菌对治疗口腔假丝酵母菌感染具有一定效果,能降低口腔中假丝酵母菌的定植,减低治愈后的复发率。

     

双歧杆菌三联活菌制剂防治儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻临床疗效的meta分析

采用meta分析评价双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻的临床疗效。

计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science和Embase数据库,收集全球范围内在治疗儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻中使用双歧杆菌三联活菌制剂（散/胶囊）的随机对照研究和前瞻性非随机对照研究,检索时间截至2022年7月,采用Jadad评分量表对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.4分析软件进行数据处理和meta分析。

纳入19篇公开发表的文献进行meta分析,共3 086例患者,治疗组（对照组常规治疗措施+双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊）1 578例,对照组1 508例,meta分析结果显示,治疗组的总体有效率显著高于对照组[OR = 6.54,95% CI（4.03,10.62）,P＜0.000 01],同时,治疗组的显效率优于对照组[OR=4.21,95% CI（2.97,5.97）,P＜0.000 01],并且,相比于对照组,治疗组的腹泻发病率降低[OR = 0.20,95% CI（0.12,0.34）,P＜0.000 01]）,差异均有统计学意义。

双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊与常规治疗方法相比,可以提高儿童呼吸道感染继发腹泻的治疗总体有效率、治疗显效率,同时有效降低患儿的腹泻发病率。

     

微生态制剂治疗轻微肝性脑病的有效性及安全性分析

评价微生态制剂治疗轻度肝性脑病(MHE)的有效性及安全性。

检索自建库至2020年9月在中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库收录的关于微生态制剂治疗MHE的临床随机对照试验。

共纳入21篇文献, 包括1 543例患者。结果显示, 2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂能提高双歧杆菌、乳杆菌水平, 差异有统计学意义[MD=1.82, 95%CI(1.19, 2.44), Z=5.70, P < 0.000 1;MD=1.74, 95%CI(0.95, 2.54), Z=4.30, P < 0.000 1], 降低肠杆菌水平[MD=-1.27, 95%CI(-1.97, -0.57), Z=3.55, P=0.000 4], 而肠球菌水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.050 0);2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可显著降低血氨水平、ET水平[SMD=-0.83, 95%CI(-1.08, -0.58), Z=6.43, P < 0.000 1;MD=-0.08, 95%CI(-0.14, -0.01), Z=2.35, P=0.020 0];2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可显著降低数字连接试验A(NCT-A)用时[MD=-16.46, 95%CI(-21.33, -11.59), Z=6.63, P < 0.000 1], 而数字符号试验(DST)差异无统计学意义(P > 0.050 0);2组研究对象比较, 微生态制剂可降低终末期肝病模型评分(MELD)、Child-Pugh评分、OHE发生率[MD=-2.41, 95%CI(-3.87, -0.95), Z=3.24, P=0.001 0;MD=-1.54, 95%CI(-1.92, -1.16), Z=7.95, P < 0.000 1; OR=0.32, 95%CI(0.20, 0.52), Z=4.66, P < 0.000 1], 并显著提高临床有效率[OR=4.95, 95%CI(2.48, 9.86), Z=4.55, P < 0.000 1], 但不会增加不良反应[OR=0.48, 95%CI(0.12, 1.91), Z=1.04, P=0.300 0]。

微生态制剂可基于调节肠道菌群平衡有效改善MHE, 可防止OHE的发生, 且安全性好, 有望成为治疗MHE的最新选择。

     

黄连素和黄芩苷不同配伍对肠道细菌体外生长的影响

研究不同配伍的黄连素和黄芩苷在模拟肠道厌氧环境下对肠道内有害菌、条件致病菌和益生菌体外生长的影响。

采用微量肉汤稀释法测定黄连素和黄芩苷不同配伍对肠道内金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、肠炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌、乳杆菌及嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌体外生长24 h后吸光度的影响。

对于金黄色葡萄球菌,抑制作用最强的是黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 10∶1（组合六）125 μg/mL（t = –39.350,P＜0.001）,抑制率为99.91%;对于沙门菌,抑制作用最强的是黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 100∶1（组合七）250 μg/mL（t = –73.788,P＜0.001）,抑制率为80.47%;对于肠炎链球菌,抑制作用最强的是黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 1∶0（组合一）250 μg/mL（t = –57.549,P＜0.001）;对于大肠埃希菌,抑制作用最强的是黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 1∶0（组合一）125 μg/mL（t = –29.085,P＜0.001）;对于乳杆菌,增殖作用最强的是黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 100∶1（组合七）31.25 μg/mL（t = 76.280,P＜0.001）;对于嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌,增殖作用最强的是黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 100∶1（组合七）62.5 μg/mL（t = 8.357,P＜0.001）。

黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 10∶1（组合六）、黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 100∶1（组合七）对有害菌的抑制作用更强,黄连素∶黄芩苷 = 100∶1（组合七）对益生菌的增殖作用更强,而黄连素和黄芩苷联合使用对条件致病菌的抑制作用较弱。

     

氨基酸型肠内营养制剂支持后克罗恩病患者肠道微生物和非靶向代谢组学指标的分析

探讨氨基酸型肠内营养制剂支持后克罗恩病患者的肠道微生物和非靶向代谢组学指标的变化,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选择我院收治的20例克罗恩病活动期患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采用氨基酸型肠内营养制剂进行支持治疗。比较患者治疗前后肠道菌群结构、菌群多样性以及非靶向代谢组学检测结果的差异。

治疗后,患者肠道乳杆菌属（t=5.200,P＜0.001）、大肠埃希菌（t=11.974,P＜0.001）、克雷伯菌属（t=15.033,P＜0.001）、糖单胞菌（t=12.166,P＜0.001）、恶臭假单胞菌（t=31.063,P＜0.001）、肠球菌属（t=28.867,P＜0.001）数量均显著升高;同时患者肠道菌群OUTs（t=40.435,P＜0.001）、Observed species（t=5.475,P＜0.001）、Chao1指数（t=12.348,P＜0.001）、Simpson指数（t=2.961,P=0.005）、Shannon指数（t=3.330,P=0.002）均显著升高。相比治疗前,治疗后患者血清以及粪便中的氨基酸、多肽、脂肪酸、胆固醇及碳水化合物水平均显著改善。

氨基酸型肠内营养制剂支持后,克罗恩病患者肠道菌群丰度提高,同时患者脂质代谢的改善可能与氧化应激反应通路相关联。

     

早期肠内营养联合益生菌对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者预后的影响

探讨早期肠内营养联合益生菌对急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）患者预后的影响,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年12月我院急诊ICU收治的86例中重度ARDS患者的临床资料,按随机数字法将患者分为观察组（n = 48例）和对照组（n = 38例）。观察组患者在早期肠内营养基础上联合益生菌治疗,对照组患者采用常规治疗+早期肠内营养进行治疗。统计两组患者性别、年龄、既往基础疾病、原发疾病（包括肺内和肺外）、APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、氧合指数、机械通气天数、脱机拔管成功率、ICU以及总的住院天数、28 d病死率等情况。

观察组患者机械通气时间短于对照组[（10.34±2.16）d vs （14.63±3.27）d,P = 0.020]。观察组患者脱机拔管成功率高于对照组（70.83% vs 63.16%,P = 0.038）。观察组患者ICU住院时间短于对照组[（15.34±3.28）d vs （18.68±3.54）d,P = 0.030]。观察组患者28 d病死率低于对照组（22.92% vs 26.32%,P = 0.035）。相关性分析提示早期肠内营养联合益生菌与患者的机械通气天数（r = −0.489,P = 0.039）和病死率（r = −0.312,P = 0.042）均存在相关性。非条件Logistic回归分析显示早期肠内营养联合益生菌能够降低患者的死亡风险。

相比单一予以早期肠内营养,采用早期肠内营养联合益生菌治疗ARDS患者更有利于缩短患者机械通气时间,降低病死率,改善患者的预后。

     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻临床疗效的meta分析

采用meta分析评价双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效。

系统性地检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Embase及Web of Science数据库,纳入国内外使用双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的随机对照研究和前瞻性非随机对照临床试验,文献检索时间至2022年6月,筛选所检索文献,提取符合纳入标准的文献数据进行质量评价,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。

经系统地检索文献,本研究共纳入16项前瞻性非随机对照研究进行meta分析,共计1 415例儿童,meta分析结果显示使用双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的显效率显著高于对照组[OR＝2.58,95% CI（2.03,3.28）,I² = 10%,P＜0.000 1];治疗组的总体有效率也显著高于对照组[OR = 5.80,95% CI（3.80,8.85）,I² = 0%,P＜0.000 1]。

Meta分析评价现有文献结果表明双歧杆菌三联活菌散/胶囊与常规治疗措施相比,能够显著提高儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的显效率和总体有效率,有助于改善患儿临床预后和加速康复。

     

益生菌联用泻药对中国成人功能性便秘的疗效——基于随机对照试验的Meta分析

探讨国内益生菌联合泻药对于成人功能性便秘的疗效。

以“益生菌”和“功能性便秘”为关键词, 分别在中国知网、维普、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据系统、PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library检索益生菌联合泻药对功能性便秘的疗效, 检索时限从建库至2020年12月6日。采用Stata 13.1和RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。

共检索出16 929篇文献, 最终纳入23篇文献。联合组在有效率[OR=4.39, 95%CI=(3.25, 5.92), P < 0.000 01]、排便频率改善[WMD=0.77, 95%CI=(0.16, 1.38), P < 0.000 01]、粪便性状改善[WMD=1.12, 95%CI=(0.87, 1.37), P < 0.000 01]等方面均优于对照组。

益生菌联合泻药比单用泻药更能有效缓解便秘。

     

Selenium levels and skin diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the association between selenium levels and skin diseases, but reached inconsistent results.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between selenium levels and skin diseases.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in public databases to identify all relevant studies, and study-specific standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to compare the selenium levels between different groups.ResultsTwenty-seven studies were identified with a total of 1315 patient and 7181 healthy controls. Compared with controls, no significant difference in selenium was found in patients with vitiligo (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: –0.40 to 1.45), alopecia areata (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: –2.72 and 3.65), or eczema (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: –0.24 to 0.48). A lower selenium level was found in patients with psoriasis (SMD = –0.62, 95% CI: –1.15 to –0.10), acne vulgaris (SMD = –1.02, 95% CI: –1.45 to –0.60), chloric acne (SMD = –2.35, 95% CI: –3.15 to –1.55), and atopic dermatitis (SMD = –2.62, 95% CI: –3.00 to –2.24). As for disease severity, severe patients had a higher selenium level than mild patients in psoriasis (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.07–1.38), but no difference was found in vitiligo (SMD = –0.26, 95% CI: –2.38 to 1.85) and alopecia areata (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: –0.34 to 1.26).ConclusionSelenium levels were associated with several skin diseases and the disease severity, and high selenium levels tended to be a protective factor in certain skin diseases.     

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gut microbiota in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundDespite advances in research on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the development of science and technology, the pathogenesis and treatment response of T2DM remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed a significant role of the microbiomein the development of T2DM, and studies have found that the gut microbiota may explain the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a primary branch of alternative and complementary medicine, in the treatment of T2DM. The aim of this study was to systematically review all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TCM for gut microbiota to assess the effectiveness and safety of TCM in T2DM patients.MethodsAll RCTs investigating the effects of TCM interventions on modulating gut microbiota and improving glucose metabolism in the treatment of T2DM adults were included. Meta-analyses were conducted when sufficient data were available, other results were reported narratively. The study protocol was pre-specified, documented, and published in PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42020188043).ResultsFive studies met the eligibility criteria ofthe systematic review. All five studies reported the effects of TCM interventions on the gut microbiota modulation and blood glucose control. There were statistically significant improvements in HbA1c (mean difference [MD]: -0.69%; [95% CI −0.24, −0.14]; p = 0.01, I² = 86%), fasting blood glucose (MD: −0.87 mmol/l; [95% CI -1.26, -0.49]; p < 0.00001, I² = 75%) and 2-h postprandial blood glucose(MD: -0.83mmol/l; [95% CI: -1.01, -0.65]; p < 0.00001, I² = 0%). In addition, there were also statistically significant improvements in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.99, [95% CI −1.25 to -0.73]; p < 0.00001, I² = 0%) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (SMD: 0.54, [95% CI 0.21 to 0.87]; p = 0.001, I² = 0%).There was a significant change in the relative abundance of bacteria in the genera Bacteroides (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.87%; [95% CI 0.58, 1.16], however, the change in Enterococcus abundance was not statistically significant (SMD: -1.71%; [95% CI: -3.64, 0.23]; p = 0.08) when comparing TCM supplementaltreatment with comparator groups. Other changes in the gut microbiota, including changes in the relative abundances of some probiotics and opportunistic pathogens at various taxon levels, and changes in diversity matrices (α and β), were significant by narrative analysis. However, insufficient evidences were found to support that TCM intervention had an effect on inflammation.ConclusionTCM had the effect of modulating gut microbiota and improving glucose metabolisms in T2DM patients. Although the results of the included studies are encouraging, further well-conducted studies on TCM interventions targeting the gut microbiota are needed.     

Effects of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with an indirect comparison meta-analysis

To describe the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM up to Aug 10, 2017, without language or date restrictions. Thirty-one studies totaling 13,650 patients were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly decreased SUA levels compared with placebo, canagliflozin WMD –37.02?μmol/L, 95% CI [–38.41, –35.63], dapagliflozin WMD –38.05?μmol/L, 95% CI [–44.47, –31.62], empagliflozin WMD –42.07?μmol/L, 95% CI [–46.27, –37.86]. The drug class effect of SUA reduction suggesting SGLT2 inhibitors might be beneficial for diabetic patients with hyperuricemia.     

Long-term efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in initially acutely ill adults with schizophrenia: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Most acute phase antipsychotic drug trials in schizophrenia last only a few weeks, but patients must usually take these drugs much longer. We examined the long-term efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in acutely ill patients using network meta-analysis. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register up to March 6, 2022 for randomized, blinded trials of at least 6-month duration on all second-generation and 18 first-generation antipsychotics. The primary outcome was change in overall symptoms of schizophrenia; secondary outcomes were all-cause discontinuation; change in positive, negative and depressive symptoms; quality of life, social functioning, weight gain, antiparkinson medication use, akathisia, serum prolactin level, QTc prolongation, and sedation. Confidence in the results was assessed by the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) framework. We included 45 studies with 11,238 participants. In terms of overall symptoms, olanzapine was on average more efficacious than ziprasidone (standardized mean difference, SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.26-0.49), asenapine (SMD=0.33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.45), iloperidone (SMD=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.49), paliperidone (SMD=0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.44), haloperidol (SMD=0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.39), quetiapine (SMD=0.25, 95% CI: 0.12-0.38), aripiprazole (SMD=0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.28) and risperidone (SMD=0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.21). The 95% CIs for olanzapine versus aripiprazole and risperidone included the possibility of trivial effects. The differences between olanzapine and lurasidone, amisulpride, perphenazine, clozapine and zotepine were either small or uncertain. These results were robust in sensitivity analyses and in line with other efficacy outcomes and all-cause discontinuation. Concerning weight gain, the impact of olanzapine was higher than all other antipsychotics, with a mean difference ranging from –4.58 kg (95% CI: –5.33 to –3.83) compared to ziprasidone to –2.30 kg (95% CI: –3.35 to –1.25) compared to amisulpride. Our data suggest that olanzapine is more efficacious than a number of other antipsychotic drugs in the longer term, but its efficacy must be weighed against its side effect profile.     

应用益生菌对代谢综合征患者干预效果的系统评价

目的系统评价应用益生菌对代谢综合征患者干预的效果。方法应用计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、中国知网、维普、万方和CBM数据库中应用益生菌干预代谢综合征患者的随机对照试验,对纳入文献采用Cochrane Handbook(5.1.0)进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9项研究。评价结果为口服益生菌可以降低代谢综合征患者腰围[MD=-2.39,95%CI(-4.58,-0.19),P=0.03]和低密度脂蛋白水平[SMD=-0.41,95%CI(-0.78,-0.04),P=0.03],在一定程度上改善胰岛素抵抗水平,但对空腹血糖水平[SMD=-0.03,95%CI(-0.31,0.24),P=0.83]没有影响。结论应用益生菌干预代谢综合征患者可产生减肥效果,同时在一定程度上改善代谢综合征患者糖代谢紊乱状态,调节脂质代谢水平。但未来仍需要本土化、大样本、高质量的研究进一步探索益生菌干预代谢综合征患者的效果及最有效方案。     

益生菌制剂治疗2型糖尿病临床疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价益生菌制剂对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者空腹血糖、脂质代谢以及应激反应的影响。方法 计算机检索 PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普期刊数据库和万方数据库。筛选关于糖尿病患者添加益生菌制剂相关性研究的中英文随机对照试验（RCT）,进行纳入文献的资料提取和质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。对比益生菌组与对照组患者空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）和C反应蛋白（CRP）指标。结果 共纳入17项符合标准的RCTs,Meta分析结果显示：与对照组患者相比,益生菌制剂可显著降低T2DM患者FPG（SMD=‒0.43,95% CI:‒0.57～‒0.28,P<0.00001）、HbA1c（SMD=‒0.47, 95% CI:‒0.82～‒0.12,P=0.009）和TG（SMD=‒0.31,95% CI:‒0.51～‒0.11,P=0.002）水平;TC（SMD=‒0.63,95% CI:‒1.46～0.20,P=0.13）、CRP（SMD=‒0.59,95% CI:‒1.41～0.22,P=0.15）在两组患者之间差异无统计学意义。结论 益生菌制剂可改善T2DM患者血糖、血脂状况。     

The Effect of Tai Chi Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundTai Chi may be efficient for healthy adults to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness, but there is no systematic evaluation for its effectiveness.ObjectiveTo systematically assess the effectiveness of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched from their inception to October 2013. The controlled trails including randomized controlled trial (RCT), non-randomized controlled trial (NRCT), self-controlled trial (SCT), and cohort study (CS) testing Tai Chi exercise against non-intervention control conditions in healthy adults that assessed any type cardiorespiratory fitness outcome measures were considered. Two reviewers independently performed the selection of the studies according to predefined criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane criteria. RevMan 5.2 software was applied for data analysis.ResultsTwenty studies (2 RCTs, 8 NRCTs, 3 SCTs, and 7 CSs) with 1868 participants were included, but most of them belonged to low methodological quality. The results of systematic review showed that Tai Chi exercise had positive effect on majority outcomes of cardio function (Blood pressure: n = 536, SPB SMD = -0.93, 95% CI -1.30 to -0.56, P < 0.00001; DBP SMD = -0.54, 95% CI -0.90 to -0.18, P < 0.00001; heart rate at quiet condition: n = 986, SMD = -0.72, 95% CI -1.27 to -0.18, P = 0.010; stroke volume: n = 583, SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.61, P < 0.00001; cardio output: n = 583, MD = 0.32 L/min, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.56, P = 0.009), lung capacity (FVC at quiet condition: n = 1272, MD = 359.16 mL, 95% CI 19.57 to 698.75, P = 0.04 for less than one year intervention, and MD = 442.46 mL, 95% CI 271.24 to 613.68, P<0.0001 for more than one year intervention; V·O₂peak: n = 246, SMD = 1.33, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.70, P < 0.00001), and cardiorespiratory endurance (O₂ pulse at quiet condition: n = 146, SMD = 1.04; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.39; P < 0.00001; stair test index at quiet condition: n = 679, SMD = 1.34, 95% CI 0.27 to 2.40, p = 0.01). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThe results are encouraging and suggest that Tai Chi may be effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults. However, concerning the low methodological quality in the included studies, more larger-scale well-designed trails are needed till the specific and accurate conclusions can be perorated.