两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实GC-MS代谢组学分析的影响

以台湾"黑珍珠"莲雾果实为实验材料,选择植物代谢组学研究中常用的两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实样品进行非靶标的代谢轮廓分析,研究两种提取溶剂对莲雾果实代谢组学分析的影响。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对莲雾果实代谢产物进行分离鉴定,利用甲醇-水(A)法和甲醇-氯仿-水(B)法两种方法共鉴定出129个代谢产物;利用主成分分析法等比较了两种提取方法的提取效果,结果表明两种方法存在显著差异。从色谱峰总数来看,A法可检测到323个色谱峰,B法仅有251个,统计分析发现124个差异显著的代谢物质,其中有90个代谢物质的相对含量用A法提取显著高于B法提取。研究结果表明,甲醇-水溶剂提取的方法更适合于莲雾果实代谢组学的分析研究。     

Analysis of volatile fractions of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. using GC-MS and chemometric resolution

The two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS has been used qualitatively and quantitatively to determine the components of the volatile fractions of Schisandra chinensis obtained by six different extraction methods. Sub-window factor analysis (SFA) was employed to confirm the identities of components determined in different samples. With the help of SFA, and other chemometric techniques, peak purity in the chromatograms was determined, and overlapping peaks were resolved to yield a pure chromatographic profile and mass spectrum for each component. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis may be greatly enhanced using chemometric resolution methods, such methods being particularly valuable with respect to the analysis of complex samples such as traditional Chinese medicines. It is further demonstrated that different extraction methods give rise to volatile fractions of S. chinensis which differ qualitatively and quantitatively in their composition.     

Small‐scale spatial associations between Artemisia frigida and Potentilla acaulis at different intensities of sheep grazing

Questions: The formerly overgrazed Inner Mongolia steppe was subject to retrogressive succession. Today, Artemisia frigida and Potentilla acaulis are two dominant species in different phases of successive degradation. To investigate the impact of grazing intensity on spatial community structure, we investigated the small‐scale spatial association between A. frigida and P. acaulis at zero, light, medium and heavy sheep grazing, and proposed factors involved in the spatial associations between these two species along a grazing intensity gradient. Location: The Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Methods: Four grazing intensities were selected: zero, light (1.33 sheep/ha), medium (4.0 sheep/ha) and heavy (6.7 sheep/ha). After 13 years of grazing three 2 m × 2 m quadrats with 100 × 100 cells of size 2 cm × 2 cm were randomly selected in each treatment in July and August 2002. The presence of A. frigida and P. acaulis in each cell was recorded and the positions of the individuals were mapped using Cartesian coordinates in each quadrat. The small‐scale spatial associations between A. frigida or P. acaulis were quantified with the L₁₂(d), J₁₂(d) functions (both derived from K₁₂(d), the former indicating the type of the spatial association, the latter indicating the strength of the spatial association), using Monte Carlo simulations. Results: A. frigida was negatively associated with P. acaulis at short distances (0–100 cm) under zero and light grazing, and negatively or independently under medium and heavy grazing. Increasing grazing intensities suppressed the peak negative associations. More intense grazing enhanced the tendency towards independent distribution of these two species. Conclusions: The small‐scale spatial associations between A. frigida and P. acaulis were significantly different at four different intensities of sheep grazing. Grazing disturbance, clonal growth habit of species, and interspecific competition are the main factors leading to a difference of spatial associations between these two species at different grazing intensities.     

GC-MS法分析甘肃和青海蕨麻中的脂肪酸成分

为了研究蕨麻的化学成分以更好地利用蕨蔴资源,采用索氏提取法提取了青海和甘肃两个地区产的蕨麻中的脂溶性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对蕨麻中的脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果表明,来自甘肃产地的蕨麻含有11种脂肪酸,青海地区产的蕨麻含有7种脂肪酸,二者的共同成分有7种;甘肃产蕨麻中硬脂酸含量最高,辛烷含量最低;青海产蕨麻中邻苯二酚含量最高,棕榈酸含量最低。表明不同产地的蕨麻所含脂肪酸种类和脂肪酸含量均存在差异。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Lauraceae Plant Species and Prediction Models Based on Their Metabolomics Profiling Data

The Lauraceae is a botanical family known for its anti-inflammatory potential. However, several species have not yet been studied. Thus, this work aimed to screen the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant family and to build statistical prediction models. The methodology was based on the statistical analysis of high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry data and the ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts. The ex vivo results demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity for several of these plants for the first time. The sample data were applied to build anti-inflammatory activity prediction models, including the partial least square acquired, artificial neural network, and stochastic gradient descent, which showed adequate fitting and predictive performance. Key anti-inflammatory markers, such as aporphine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were annotated with confidence level 2. Additionally, the validated prediction models proved to be useful for predicting active extracts using metabolomics data and studying their most bioactive metabolites.     

基于NMR的植物代谢组学技术研究款冬花蕾动态化学成分变化

运用基于核磁共振的植物代谢组学技术对不同发育阶段的款冬花蕾进行了代谢组学分析。首先采用1D和2D NMR图谱对款冬样品的核磁图谱进行了结构指认,共鉴定了40个代谢产物;随后核磁数据导入SMCA-P软件,进行了多元统计分析。主成分分析结果显示,不同发育阶段的款冬花蕾能很好的分开,且呈逐步变化趋势;其中10月、11月、12月的样品在散点图上距离较近,说明这三个时期花蕾的代谢组成接近;而9月（发育初期）和3月（开花后）采集的款冬花样品相距较远,说明这两个阶段的样品化学差异性很大;款冬中的代表性成分含量动态变化柱状图揭示,随着花蕾的发育,蔗糖的含量逐渐降低,到开花后达到最低,而款冬酮的含量逐渐升高,到开花后达到最高。本研究结果与中医传统用药经验是一致的,即花蕾发育初期和开花后其代谢产物组成与传统采收期差异较大,均不能入药。此外,单一款冬酮不能代表款冬花的止咳化痰药效物质基础,其药效的发挥是多种成分协同作用的结果。     

Chemical Constituents of the Branches and Leaves of Picrasma chinensis P.Y. Chen and Tyrosinase Inhibiting Activity

One new alkaloid, picrasine A, two new quassinoids, picralactones A−B, together with eleven known compounds were isolated from Picrasma chinensis P.Y. Chen. The structures of these compounds were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and IR spectroscopic data, and by comparison with published data. Some compounds were tested for tyrosinase inhibiting activity, however, none of them exhibited strong inhibitory effects.     

太白红杉（Larix chinensis）叶的形态解剖学特征与环境因子的关系

根据生态气候学方法推断出不同海拔高度气候指标,应用多元统计方法,对分布于秦岭太白山地区海拔3000－3400m的太白红杉（Larix chinensis)叶特征进行了生态解剖学研究,分析了影响其变化的主导生态因子。观察指标包括叶形态指标（叶片总厚度、每束叶中的叶数和叶长宽比）、叶解剖学特征（叶表皮角质膜厚度、上、下表皮厚度,近上、下表皮叶肉厚度,内皮层厚度,管胞直径,叶传输组织和维管束厚度及其与叶片总厚度之比）。结果表明：（1）水热综合因子是影响太白叶长宽比和叶表皮角质膜厚度的主导因子,随着水热综合因子的增大,叶长宽比呈增加趋势,而角质膜厚度则逐渐变薄。（2）年降水量是影响其它形态解剖学指标的主导因子,随着年降水量的增加,每束叶中的叶数、叶厚度、管胞直径、叶传输组织和维管束厚度、内皮层厚度、传输组织和维管束厚度及其与叶总厚度之比呈减少和变薄的趋势,而上、下表皮厚度则逐渐增加。（3）近上、下表皮叶肉厚度与环境因子无明显相关,可能属于比较保守的性状。     

高山被孢霉淬灭方法及胞内代谢产物的气相色谱-质谱分析比较

在花生四烯酸生产菌高山被孢霉代谢组学研究中,需利用胞内代谢物的提取手段并基于气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析方法对其进行检测。比较了3种胞内代谢物提取方法及不同色谱柱条件下GC-MS分析结果。研究表明：采用冷甲醇淬灭分别较液氮直接淬灭及真空过滤后,减少了胞内代谢物的泄露并更好地实现了胞外及胞内代谢物的分离。在对代谢物分析的比较中,极性色谱柱（DB-FFAP）检出的代谢物仅为11种,主要为有机酸、醛类;而代谢物经衍生化后采用非极性色谱柱（DB-5）共检出32种化合物,主要为糖、糖苷及醇类。     

白兰花被片发育过程中香精油化学成分的GC-MS分析

用固相微萃取法萃取白兰(Michelia alba Dc.)花被片不同发育阶段的香精油,并用GC-MS对其化学成分进行鉴定,峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量.结果表明,白兰花被片5个发育时期的香精油的化学成分不同,分别鉴定出30、29、28、30和27种化学成分.含量较多的是萜类化合物、烷烃类物质、酯类化合物、酸类化合物和醇类化合物.有16种化学成分在3个以上时期能检测到,其中14种萜类化合物,1种胺类化合物和1种芳香化合物.有7种成分是第Ⅳ期独有的.由此推测,白兰花发育的第Ⅳ时期是窨制花茶或提取香精油的最佳时期,但在不能及时窨制花茶或提取香精油或远距离运输的情况下,选择第Ⅲ时期采摘更为合适.     

Very-Long-Chain Wax Constituents from Primula veris and P. acaulis: Does the Paradigm of Non-Branched vs. Branched Chain Dominance Universally Hold in all Plant Taxa?

Herein n-, iso- and anteiso-series of very-long-chained (VLC) alkanes (C₂₁–C₃₅), fatty acid benzyl esters (FABEs; C₂₀–C₃₂), and 2-alkanones (C₂₃–C₃₅) were identified in the wax of Primula veris L. and P. acaulis (L.) L. (Primulaceae). For the very first time in a sample of natural origin, the presence of iso- and anteiso-VLC FABEs and 2-alkanones was unequivocally confirmed by synthetic work, derivatization, and NMR. It should be noted that the studied species produced unusually high amounts of branched wax constituents (e. g., >50 % of 2-alkanones were branched isomers). The domination of iso-isomers, probably biosynthesized from leucine-derived starters, is a unique feature in the Plant Kingdom. The plant organ distribution of these VLC compounds in P. acaulis samples (different habitats and phenological phases) pointed to their possible ecological value. This was supported by a eutectic behavior of binary blends of FABEs and alkanes, as well as by high UV-C absorption by FABEs.