血管钠素肽对大鼠心室肌细胞L—型钙通道电流的影响

目的和方法：采用膜片钳全细胞记录方式观察血管钠素肽（ＶＮＰ）对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Ｌ型钙通道电流（ＩＣａ，Ｌ）的影响。结果：当心室肌细胞由保持电压４０ｍＶ除极到０ｍＶ时，０．１，０．２和０．４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＶＮＰ分别使ＩＣａ，Ｌ内向电流峰值降低３１．０５％，４６．９５％和６０．７５％。该抑制作用与ＩＣａ，Ｌ的ｒｕｎｄｏｗｎ现象无关，且对ＩＣａ，Ｌ的最大激活电位无明显影响。当ＩＣａ，Ｌ被异丙肾上腺素（１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）预先激活后，ＶＮＰ（０．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）仍可使ＩＣａ，Ｌ电流峰值下降１８．２３％。结论：ＶＮＰ对大鼠心室肌细胞ＩＣａ，Ｌ具有明确的抑制作用，该作用可能是ＶＮＰ发挥其心血管效应的离子通道机制之一。     

α_1肾上腺素能受体介导去甲肾上腺素促大鼠培养心肌细胞蛋白质合成效应

在无血清和含１．０％、５．０％血清培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞标本上,去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ,２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）使细胞蛋白质含量（Ｌｏｗｒｙ法）分别比相应对照组增加４０％、２６％、１９％（Ｐ均＜０．０１）;细胞３Ｈ－亮氨酸参入量与ＮＥ浓度呈正性剂量依赖性,最大效应浓度为２０．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;无血清培养体系中,０．２、２．０、２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮＥ使参入量分别比对照增加１７．８％、３５３％、３７．７％;１．０％血清培养体系中分别比对照增加１６．２％、２７．９％、３１．６％（Ｐ均＜０．０５）;哌唑嗪（２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可阻断ＮＥ的促蛋白质合成作用,心得安（２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）则无此效应。提示在无血清或低浓度血清培养体系中,ＮＥ可促进心肌细胞蛋白质合成,增加细胞蛋白质含量,该作用可能是通过α１肾上腺素能受体介导。     

α受体激动对绵羊心肌瞬时性内向离子流的影响

用乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元（ＡＳ）０．０５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ诱发绵羊心浦肯野纤维产生稳定的瞬时性内向离子流（Ｉｔｉ）,用普萘洛尔０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ阻断β受体,观察α受体激动剂苯肾上腺素（ＰＥ）０．３,１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ对Ｉｔｉ幅值与时程的影响。ＰＥ１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ灌流２０,５０ｍｉｎ时Ｉｔｉ幅值分别由对照值１２．８±１．９ｎＡ减小至１０．７±１．２ｎＡ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０５）与９．６±１．９ｎＡ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;ＩｔｉＤ５０时程分别由对照值１４５±２４．４ｍｓ延长至１８３．３±２８．１ｍｓ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０５）与２０７．５±３４．２ｍｓ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＰＥ对Ｉｔｉ的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性与时间依赖性。Ｉｔｉ到达峰值的时间和回复到基线的时间都延长,提示ＰＥ作用下Ｉｔｉ通道动力学发生了变化。如果在β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＯ）１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ增强Ｉｔｉ的基础上,ＰＥ１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ灌流１０ｍｉｎ,对Ｉｔｉ幅值的抑制及时程的延长作用更显著,Ｉｔｉ幅值由对照值１５．６±３．２ｎＡ减小到１０．３±２．２ｎＡ;ＩｔｉＤ５０由９２．５±１４．３ｍｓ延长到１３２．５±３６．０ｍｓ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

丹皮酚对心肌细胞自律性和延迟后除极的影响

目的与方法：采用常规玻璃微电极技术研究丹皮酚对离体心肌细胞自律性（ＡＭ）、延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ） 及触发活动（ＴＡ）的影响。结果：１．８×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚灌流组,肾上腺素（Ａｄｒ）的阈浓度空白对照组为（１．２８±０．５７）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,药后为（１．５６±０．５３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＞０．０５）;用（１．８×１０－ ３） ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚（Ｐａｅ）灌流组,Ａｄｒ 浓度由空白对照组的（１．２２ ±０．６２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到（６．２２±２．１１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＜０．０１）。１．８×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｐａｅ 能明显抑制哇巴因（Ｏｕａ）诱发的ＤＡＤ的幅值,当基本刺激周长为５００,４００,３００ 和２００ ｍｓ 时,其ＤＡＤ幅值从（５．５±２．０）ｍＶ,（７．３±２．１）ｍＶ,（８．０ ±２．４）ｍＶ和（９．２±１．９）ｍＶ减小到（３．０±１．１）ｍＶ、（３．６±１．７）ｍＶ,（４．３±２．０） ｍＶ和（５．９ ±１．６） ｍＶ,Ｐ＜０．０１。当基本刺激周长为２００ ｍｓ时,ＴＡ 数目由５．５±１．０ 降至０．７±０．３（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：丹皮酚能抑制心肌细胞ＡＭ、ＤＡＤ及ＴＡ,具有抗心律失常作用     

表皮生长因子对离体大鼠肺动脉及肺动脉平滑肌细胞作用的研究

本研究着重探讨表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对大鼠肺动脉的收缩作用及对肺动脉平滑肌细胞分裂增殖的影响。浓度为１×１０－９－１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＥＧＦ可引起大鼠肺动脉剂量依赖性收缩（ｒ＝０．９６８,Ｐ＜０,００１）,其Ｅｍａｘ为１００．６ｍｇ,ＥＣ５０为１１．９６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在同时存在０．５％胎牛血清（ＦＣＳ）时,ＥＧＦ能促进平滑肌细胞的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入率,该作用与剂量呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８２３,Ｐ＜０．０５）,其ＥＣ５０为６．５×１Ｏ－１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＥＧＦ＋０．５％ＦＣＳ能产生与１０％ＦＣＳ相当的促细胞分裂增殖能力（在培养的第１,３,５,７天,二者促分裂增殖能力相差不明显,Ｐ均＞０．０５,第９天时,前者大于后者,Ｐ＜０．０５）。１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＧＦ单独存在时对平滑肌细胞未显示出明显的致分裂活性。上述作用提示ＥＣＦ在某些肺血管病变如缺氧性肺动脉高压中可能有一定意义。     

内皮素和bFGF对MC的促增殖作用及胰岛素的协同效应

采用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入法,测定碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）、胰岛素和内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）对体外培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（ＭＣ）增殖的影响,以及胰岛素与ｂＦＧＦ或ＥＴ－１促ＭＣ增殖的协同作用。结果表明,不同浓度的ｂＦＧＦ（５－２００ｎｇ／ｍｌ）和胰岛素（０．１－２．４Ｕ／ｍｌ）均显著升高ＭＣ的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入值（ｃｐｍ值）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＥＴ－１对ＭＣ的ｃｐｍ值的影响依剂量不同呈现两种不同的效应,在１０－９－１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,随着浓度的升高,ＭＣ的ｃｐｍ值明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,并以１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ作用最强;当升高到１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,ＭＣ的ｃｐｍ值出现降低趋势。胰岛素与ｂＦＧＦ或低浓度ＥＴ－１（≤１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）共同作用于ＭＣ时,ＭＣ的ｃｐｍ值明显高于二者单独作用之和（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与高浓度ＥＴ－１（＞１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）共同作用于ＭＣ时,ＭＣ的ｃｐｍ值小于二者单独作用之和（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果说明,胰岛素、ｂＦＧＦ和ＥＴ－１均能显著促进ＭＣ增殖;胰岛素与ｂＦＧＦ或低浓度的ＥＴ－１促ＭＣ增殖具有正协同作用,与高浓度ＥＴ－１呈现负协同作用。     

TFP刺激裂殖酵母细胞钙离子内流的质膜效应

ＴＦＰ（１０－１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可引起裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｐｏｍｂｅ）胞外Ｃａ２＋内流,ＴＦＰ浓度不同,促进Ｃａ２＋内流程度也不一样,５０μｍｏｌ／ＬＴＦＰ的促进作用最大。并且ＴＦＰ浓度越大,Ｃａ２＋内流出现峰值也越早,１０、２０、５０、１００μｍｏｌ／ＬＴＦＰ处理后,胞内总钙出现峰值时间分别为４５、４５、３０、１５分钟。胞外Ｈ＋浓度也会对ＴＦＰ引起的Ｃａ２＋内流产生不同影响,缓冲液的ｐＨ值为６．０时最有利于ＴＦＰ引起胞内Ｃａ２＋含量增加,碱性条件下ＴＦＰ的效果最不明显。由ＴＦＰ引起的Ｃａ２＋内流增加要比单一地增加外钙浓度效果好得多,ＴＦＰ在１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的外钙条件下引起的胞内钙含量数值比１０００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的外钙条件而无ＴＦＰＴ所引起的胞内钙含量还要高５３．９％。缓冲液中加入０．８％的钙离子通道阻断剂ＬａＣ１３或溶液中无葡萄糖的存在,ＴＦＰ的促进作用消失,说明ＴＦＰ促进Ｃａ２＋内流是通过钙离子通道来完成的并需要能量参与。     

TFP刺激裂殖酵母细胞钙离子内流的质膜效应*

ＴＦＰ（１０－１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可引起裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｐｏｍｂｅ）胞外Ｃａ２＋内流,ＴＦＰ浓度不同,促进Ｃａ２＋内流程度也不一样,５０μｍｏｌ／ＬＴＦＰ的促进作用最大。并且ＴＦＰ浓度越大,Ｃａ２＋内流出现峰值也越早,１０、２０、５０、１００μｍｏｌ／ＬＴＦＰ处理后,胞内总钙出现峰值时间分别为４５、４５、３０、１５分钟。胞外Ｈ＋浓度也会对ＴＦＰ引起的Ｃａ２＋内流产生不同影响,缓冲液的ｐＨ值为６．０时最有利于ＴＦＰ引起胞内Ｃａ２＋含量增加,碱性条件下ＴＦＰ的效果最不明显。由ＴＦＰ引起的Ｃａ２＋内流增加要比单一地增加外钙浓度效果好得多,ＴＦＰ在１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的外钙条件下引起的胞内钙含量数值比１０００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的外钙条件而无ＴＦＰＴ所引起的胞内钙含量还要高５３．９％。缓冲液中加入０．８％的钙离子通道阻断剂ＬａＣ１３或溶液中无葡萄糖的存在,ＴＦＰ的促进作用消失,说明ＴＦＰ促进Ｃａ２＋内流是通过钙离子通道来完成的并需要能量参与。     

急性低氧和间断低氧习服对大鼠主动脉收缩和舒张功能的影响

目的：观察急性低和间断低氧习服对大鼠主动脉收缩和舒张功能的影响。方法：用去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）诱发大鼠离体动脉环的收缩,反映收缩功能的变化,主动脉环以０．６２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＥ预收缩后用乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）舒张对抗,反映舒张功能的变化。结果：与常氧对照组相比,急性低氧和间断低氧习照大鼠主动脉对去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ１０＾－９,１０＾０８,１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）介导的收缩反应显著增强（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０１     

TFP刺激裂殖酵母细胞钙离子内流的质膜效应

ＴＦＰ（１０－１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可引起裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｐｏｍｂｅ）细胞Ｃａ＾２＋内流,ＴＦＰ浓度不同,促进Ｃａ＾２＋内流程度也不一样,５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＴＦＰ的促进作用最大。并且ＴＦＰ浓度越大,Ｃａ＾２＋内流出现峰值也越早,１０、２０、５０、１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＴＦＰ处理后,胞内总钙出现峰值时间分别为４５、４５、３０、１５分钟。胞外Ｈ＾＋浓度也会对ＴＦＰ引起的     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.