马蹄金子叶原生质体的分离技术

分离马蹄金无菌苗子叶的原生质体的结果表明,光下生长12d的子叶置于含2%纤维素酶和0.8%果胶酶的酶解液中酶解9h后,游离原生质体的产率和活力分别为2.75×106个·g-1(FW)和90%,酶解液中渗透剂--甘露醇的浓度以0.5mol·L-1为最适宜.     

焦曲霉产木聚糖酶的研究*

从1144株真菌中筛选到一株产木聚糖酶活力较高的焦曲霉(Aspergillus ustus)。该菌株适宜的产酶条件为在4%麸皮液中添加0.5%葡萄糖,0.4%硝酸钠及0.1%氯化钠,30℃振荡培养6d,木聚糖酶活力可达2176 u/mL。酶反应的最适温度为55℃,最适pH为5.5,在pH5～8酶活力稳定。45℃保温1h,酶活力剩余35%。酶水解桦木木聚糖的Km值为4.3×10^-3g/mL,V_max值为4.9mg/(mL·min)。酶解产物以木三糖和木四糖为主,表明该酶是一种典型的内切糖苷酶。     

蝴蝶兰原生质体提取方法的优化

以蝴蝶兰自交品种NOⅡ的无菌苗叶片为试材,采用单因素试验和正交试验,比较不同酶的种类、酶液浓度、材料和酶液的比例、渗透压、酶解时间及纯化条件对原生质体产量和活性的影响,并用荧光显微镜观察去壁情况。结果表明：在同一种条件下1g蝴蝶兰叶片加入10mL酶解液中,酶解液含1．0％纤维素酶R-10,1．0％果胶酶,0．5mol·L^-1甘露醇,酶解3h,有活力的原生质体产量最高,其产量为1．3×10^5个·g^-1,活性迭81．90％。     

广藿香原生质体制备、培养与融合技术优化研究

为建立高效稳定的广藿香原生质体培养与融合技术体系,该研究以广藿香愈伤组织悬浮细胞为材料,研究了原生质体制备的酶解条件和培养方法、细胞密度、激素种类和浓度等因素对原生质体培养的影响,并通过测定融合产物直径确立融合细胞筛选范围,进一步研究聚乙二醇浓度、细胞密度、融合时间及融合液加入量等因素对原生质体融合的影响。结果表明:制备原生质体的适宜条件为pH5.8,酶解温度25 ℃; 原生质体培养以铵盐减半的MS₁培养基进行海藻酸钠包埋、激素选用0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA、2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA,培养密度2.0×10⁵个·mL^-1、蔗糖添加量1.0%、酸水解酪蛋白500 mg·L^-1的条件下原生质体分裂频率、植板率均较高,且开始分裂时间和细胞团形成时间都较短; 双细胞融合产物筛选范围为69.33～87.35 μm; 以40% PEG 6000化学促融30 min、加入0.5倍体积的融合液、细胞密度2.0×10⁵个·mL^-1的条件进行原生质体融合,聚合率可达57.19%; 获得的融合产物经海藻酸钠包埋培育2个月后可观察到再生愈伤组织。     

“红颜”草莓原生质体制备及瞬时转化体系的建立

为探索“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞系原生质体提取的最优条件,并建立“红颜”草莓原生质体瞬时转化体系,以“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞为材料,对酶液组成、酶解温度、酶解方式进行研究。用PEG介导的瞬时转化法将标记基因GFP转化到“红颜”草莓原生质体中。结果显示：以“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞系作为分离材料,酶液组合为CPW中含有0.5%PVP+0.1%MES+1%纤维素酶+0.5%离析酶+0.01%半纤维素酶+0.9 mol/L甘露醇,在低速（50 r/min）恒温（31 ℃）震摇下进行酶解反应,酶解10 h时,达到“红颜”草莓原生质体最佳分离效果,每克鲜重产量可得原生质体6×10⁸ 个,活力值可达93.0%。PEG介导法成功将含有绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein, GFP）的植物表达载体转化“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞原生质体,转化效率达44%。通过实验筛选得到“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞原生质体的最佳制备条件,建立“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞原生质体的瞬时转化体系,为进一步开展“红颜”草莓功能基因及合成生物学研究奠定基础。     

杂花和紫花苜蓿原生质体分离培养条件的筛选

以杂花苜蓿‘甘农1号’和紫花苜蓿‘甘农4号’、‘阿尔冈金’及‘清水’4个适宜西北内陆黄土高原地区栽培的苜蓿愈伤组织为材料,研究酶解时间、酶液组合、酶液渗透压、愈伤组织继代培养时间、预处理措施及不同培养方法等对原生质体分离和培养效果的影响,并对培养条件进行优化。结果表明:(1)适宜4个苜蓿品种愈伤组织酶解的最佳预处理措施为0.55mol/L蔗糖或CPW溶液中预质壁分离1h,最佳继代时间均为12d。(2)‘甘农1号’、‘甘农4号’和‘清水’的最佳酶液组合均为2%纤维素酶+0.5%果胶酶+0.3%崩溃酶;‘阿尔冈金’的最佳酶液组合为2%纤维素酶+0.5%果胶酶+0.3%半纤维素酶+0.3%离析酶+0.3%崩溃酶;‘甘农1号’和‘阿尔冈金’的最佳酶解时间为12h,‘甘农4号’和‘清水’分别为14h和10h。(3)适宜4个品种酶解的甘露醇浓度分别为‘甘农1号’0.75mol/L,‘甘农4号’0.65mol/L,‘阿尔冈金’0.6mol/L,‘清水’0.55~0.6mol/L。(4)经液体浅层培养和固液培养方式均可获得4个苜蓿品种的再生愈伤组织,且固液培养法较液体浅层培养法更有利于苜蓿原生质体早期的培养和再生。     

基于亚细胞定位的大豆和鹰嘴豆原生质体分离体系的建立与优化

以湘豆3号大豆和Kabuli型鹰嘴豆幼嫩叶片为材料,研究了酶解种类及配比、酶解液中甘露醇浓度、酶解液p H和酶解时间对两种豆科植物幼嫩叶片原生质体产量和存活率的影响。结果表明,湘豆3号大豆叶片在含有0.5%纤维素酶Onozuka R-10、0.8%半纤维素酶Hemicellulase、0.8%离析酶Macerozyme R-10、0.4%果胶酶Pectolyase Y-23、0.1%2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES)和10%甘露醇的酶解液中(pH 6.0),27℃黑暗条件下恒温水浴振荡(45 r/min)酶解6 h,分离得到的原生质体产量和存活率最高;Kabuli型鹰嘴豆叶片在含有0.5%纤维素酶Onozuka R-10、0.8%半纤维素酶Hemicellulase、0.8%离析酶Macerozyme R-10、0.1%MES和10%甘露醇酶解液中(pH 4.8),27℃黑暗条件下恒温振荡水浴(45 r/min)7–8 h,分离得到的原生质体产量和存活率最高。通过上述件分离到的湘豆3号大豆和Kabuli型鹰嘴豆幼嫩叶片原生质体用于亚细胞定位的效果最好。     

‘陇东’紫花苜蓿原生质体最佳分离条件

以‘陇东’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.cv.‘Longdong’）下胚轴愈伤组织为材料,研究酶液组合、酶解时间、酶液渗透压、愈伤组织继代培养时间及预处理措施对原生质体分离效果的影响。结果表明：获得产量最高（8.8×105个·g-1）、活力最高（88.55%）的原生质体最佳酶液组合为2%纤维素酶＋0.5%果胶酶＋0.3%崩溃酶、酶解时间为10h、酶液渗透压即甘露醇浓度为0.55mol·L-1,愈伤继代培养天数为12d、预处理措施为4℃、黑暗条件下放置24h。     

黄绿木霉原生质体诱变育种研究*

利用正交实验方法研究了影响黄绿木霉(Trichoderma aureoviride)原生质体形成的因素,并利用紫外线、硫酸二乙酯、氯化锂几种因素复合诱变原生质体筛选高产纤维素酶菌株。影响原生质体形成的因子顺序是酶系统>菌龄>酶解时间>酶解温度,原生质体形成的最佳条件是0.5%蜗牛酶+0.5%溶菌酶+1.0%纤维素酶,菌龄为18h,酶解时间为3.0h,酶解温度为32℃;在该条件下原生质体产量可达到4.25×10⁶个mL^-1。Ca^{2+相似文献}   

松茸菌丝原生质体形成与再生条件的研究

采用多因素实验正交优选法比较不同酶、渗透压稳定剂、菌丝生理状况、菌丝培养基、预处理液和酶解时间等因素对松茸原生质体形成的影响和再生培养基、明胶、酪蛋白对松茸原生质体再生的影响.以0.6MMgSO4作为渗透压稳定剂,2-硫基苏糖醇为预处理液,用2%蜗牛酶在30℃酶解6h,每克菌丝可以得到1×106个原生质体.再生最优条件0.6MMgSO4,PDY再生培养基,2.5%明胶,松茸菌丝再生率最高4.97%.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism