四川省小蹦蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述采自中国四川省的小蹦蝗属１新种－－万县小蹦蝗Ｐｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａ ｗａｎｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本存陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

广东省蹦蝗属一新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

本文报告采自广东省连县的蹦蝗属蝗虫1新种,模式标本保存于中山大学昆虫学研究所标本室。二齿蹦蝗Sinopodisma bidenta sp.nov. 雄虫 体中形。头宽短。颜面倾斜,颜面隆起具浅沟,侧缘近平行。触角细长,丝状,超过前胸背板后缘,中段1节的长度为宽的3倍,复眼卵圆形,垂直直径为水平直径     

中国斑腿蝗科二新种记述(直翅目,蝗总科)

记述了中国斑腿蝗科2新种:红股蹦蝗Sinopodisma rufofemoralis sp.nov.(正模♂,副模6♂♂,2♀♀,广西融安元宝山);钝齿卵翅蝗Caryanda obtusidentata sp.nov.(正模♂,副模4♂♂,2♀♀,湖南宜章莽山自然保护区泽子坪).新种的模式标本均保存于湖南师范大学生命科学学院动物标本馆.     

湖南武陵山地区小蹦蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述了采自湖南武陵山区的小蹦蝗属ＰｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａＺｈｅｎｇ一新种,小尾小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｆｕｒｃｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ该新种近似于秦岭小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｔｓｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ）。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所蝗虫研究室。     

五种稻蝗染色体核型和C带带型的比较

本文研究了五种稻蝗Oxya chinensis、O. shanghaiensis、O. adentata、O. hyla intricara、O. agavisa的染色体核型和C带带型.玻片制备采用压片法,BSG法C带处理.结果表明:五种稻蝗染色体核型差异较小,具有属的保守性,但在C带方面则显示出一定的差别,种间染色体带型的差异大小与形态学上的差异程度具明显的正相关.其中小稻蝗和山稻蝗各自具有独特的带型结构,与其余三种显然不同,而中华稻蝗、上海稻蝗、无齿稻蝗虽在主要标志性染色体上带纹趋于一致,但在一些细微结构和统计数据方面存在一定差异.本文对五种稻蝗减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体数目和交叉定位也作了统计和比较,在染色体行为分析方面做了初步工作.据此,本文讨论了五种稻蝗的染色体分类问题.     

两种小车蝗染色体C带核型研究(蝗总科:斑翅蝗科)

采用秋水仙素体内注射法取昆虫精巢,低渗处理,空气干燥制片法制作染色体标本,吉姆萨染色.首次对分布在广西的小车蝗属Oedaleus两个种隆义小车蝗Oedaleus abruptus(Thunberg)和红胫小车蝗Oedaleus manjius Chang染色体核型和C带带型进行了分析研究.结果表明:两种小车蝗的染色体摹数、性别决定机制、染色体组式、染色体着丝粒类型和着丝粒C带等方面有着相同的特征,结构异染色质在染色体组中的总含量也比较接近;染色体是端部着丝粒和染色体都含有着丝粒C带带纹上具有一致性.但在个体大小、相对长度值、性染色体、除着丝粒C带以外的其它C带分布类型方面都有明显差异.所得结果符合传统的形态学分类.研究结果为直翅目的物种亲缘关系、遗传多样性分析提供有价值的生化遗传指标.     

青海四种雏蝗染色体核型的比较分析

采用常规染色体制片方法对雏蝗属的褐色雏蝗Chorthippusbrunneus(Thunb .) ,异色雏蝗C .big uttulus(Linnaeus) ,小翅雏蝗C .fallax(Zub .) ,青藏雏蝗C .qingzangensis(Ying)的染色体核型进行分析 ,结果 :染色体数目均为 2n(♂ ) =1 7=1 6+XO ;常染色体类型为两类 ,中着丝点染色体 (m ,6条 )和端着丝点染色体 (T ,1 0条 ) ;性染色体类型为端着丝点。褐色雏蝗、异色雏蝗和青藏雏蝗的核型公式和染色体的相对长度组成为K( 2n ,♂ ) =1 7=6m +1 1T =6L +6M +4S +XO ,K( 2n ,♀ ) =1 8=6m +1 2T =6L +6M +4S +XX ;小翅雏蝗的为K( 2n,♂ ) =1 7=6m +1 1T =6L +4M +6S +XO ,K( 2n ,♀ ) =1 8=6m +1 2T =6L +4M +6S+XX。褐色雏蝗性染色体中部有次缢痕。染色体臂数 4种均为NF =2 3(♂ ) ,2 4 (♀ )。     

浙江省小蹦蝗属一新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

本文记述采自中国浙江省的小蹦蝗属１新种,即乌岩岭小蹦蝗Ｐｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａｗｕｙａｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

江西省蹦蝗属一新种记述(直翅目:蝗总科:斑腿蝗科)

记述采自江西上饶三清山的蹦蝗属1新种:三清山蹦蝗Sinopodisma sanqingshana,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中山大学生物博物馆。     

Karyotype characterization of five Brazilian species of Echinodorus (Alismataceae) with chromosomal banding and 45S rDNA FISH

The karyotypes of five Brazilian species of Echinodorus; E. bolivianus, E. grandiflorus, E. longipetalus, E. macrophyllus and E. tenellus (Alismataceae); were studied using C-banding, CMA₃/DAPI banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 45S rDNA probe. There were few differences in the G-C rich regions of the five species, but marked differences were seen in the number and position of C-bands, A-T rich regions and 45S rDNA sites. Overall, these characteristics were species-specific, with the exception of E. bolivianus and E. tenellus, which were highly similar in all of the karyotypic characteristics studied.     

Heterochromatin banding patterns in Rutaceae-Aurantioideae--a case of parallel chromosomal evolution

The heterochromatin banding patterns in the karyotypes of 17 species belonging to 15 genera of Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae (= Citroideae) were analyzed with the fluorochromes chromomycin (CMA) and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2HCl (DAPI). All species were diploids, except one tetraploid (Clausena excavata) and two hexaploids [Glycosmis parviflora agg. (aggregate) and G. pentaphylla agg.]. There are only CMA/DAPI bands, including those associated with the nucleolus. Using recent cpDNA (chloroplast DNA) sequence data as a phylogenetic background, it becomes evident that generally more basal genera with rather plesiomorphic traits in their morphology, anatomy, and phytochemistry exhibit very small amounts of heterochromatin (e.g., Glycosmis, Severinia, Swinglea), whereas relatively advanced genera from different clades with more apomorphic characters display numerous large CMA bands (e.g., Merrillia, Feroniella, Fortunella). Heterochromatin increase (from 0.7 to 13.7%) is interpreted as apomorphic. The bands are mostly located in the larger chromosomes and at telomeric regions of larger arms. However, one of the largest chromosome pair has been conserved throughout the subfamily with only very little heterochromatin. The heterochromatin-rich patterns observed in different clades of Aurantioideae appear quite similar, suggesting a kind of parallel chromosomal evolution. In respect to the current classification of the subfamily, it is proposed to divide Murraya s.l. (sensu lato) into Bergera and Murraya s.s. (sensu stricto) and to place the former near Clausena into Clauseneae s.s. and the latter together with Merrillia into Citreae s.l. The subtribes recognized within Clauseneae s.s. and Citreae s.l. appear heterogeneous and should be abandoned. On the other hand, the monophyletic nature of the core group of Citrinae, i.e., the Citrus clade with Eremocitrus, Microcitrus, Clymenia, Poncirus, Fortunella, and Citrus, is well supported.     

Comparative chromosomal analysis and phylogeny in four Ctenomys species (Rodentia, Octodontidae)

A cytogenetic chromosome study was carried out on specimens of four species of Ctenomys – C. talarum, C. rionegrensis, C. pearsoni and C. dorbignyi –from 10 different populations. The analysis of chromosomes was performed through sequential uniform stain, G and C-banding, and with restriction enzymes. The results obtained are discussed in relation to phylogeny. Chromosome evolution in the species studied suggests that the chromosome number has increased due to fissions, and that a reduction of the amount of constitutive heterochromatin has occurred. Different types of heterochromatin, with different patterns, have been added in parallel during evolution. Some taxonomic suggestions can be deduced from this cytogenetic study.     

稻蝗属三近缘种间的生殖隔离机制及其进化意义

通过对日本稻蝗、中华稻蝗台湾亚种和小翅稻蝗的种间交配、交配后精子传送等的研究,探讨了其生殖隔离机制及其进化意义。结果表明： 有共同分布区域的日本稻蝗与中华稻蝗台湾亚种及日本稻蝗与小翅稻蝗的交配率显著低于种内交配,即使交配也无精子的传送,存在强烈的行为隔离和完全的机械隔离。分布不重叠的中华稻蝗台湾亚种与小翅稻蝗之间,小翅稻蝗的雌虫与中华稻蝗台湾亚种雄虫的交配率显著低于种内交配,反向交配时则和种内交配率无显著差异;正反交配都能完成精子传送,显示出不对称、不完全的行为隔离,而无机械隔离的存在。分布不重叠的中华稻蝗台湾亚种与小翅稻蝗生殖隔离的进化速度慢于分布重叠的日本稻蝗与中华稻蝗台湾亚种及日本稻蝗与小翅稻蝗。     

湖南蝗虫二新种(直翅目：斑腿蝗科)

记述斑腿蝗科Catantopidae 卵翅蝗属Caryanda Stal ,1878一新种雪峰山卵翅蝗C. xuefengshanensis sp.nov. 和蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang,1940 一新种大围山蹦蝗S. daweishana sp. nov.。前者标本采自湖南省黄桑自然保护区（绥宁县）;后者标本采自湖南省大围山国家森林公园(浏阳市)。     

越北腹露蝗若虫空间格局的地学统计学分析

应用地学统计学研究广东北部桑田中越北腹露蝗(Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will)1～5龄若虫的空间格局动态.结果表明：越北腹露蝗1～5龄若虫种群变异曲线函数均为球状模型,表现为聚集分布,但各龄若虫的空间依赖范围分别为1.973、1.968、2.169、2.302和4.307 m.利用Kriging插值法由地学统计学软件Surfer 8.0产生的各龄若虫等值线图清晰地反映了各龄若虫的空间位置, 表明越北腹露蝗有别于其它一些蝗虫,其低龄若虫呈聚居型,高龄若虫呈散居型分布.     

Karyotype differentiation of four Cestrum species (Solanaceae) revealed by fluorescent chromosome banding and FISH

The karyotypes of four South American species of Cestrum (C. capsulare,C. corymbosum,C. laevigatum and C. megalophylum) were studied using conventional staining, C-CMA/DAPI chromosome banding and FISH with 45S and 5S rDNA probes. The karyotypes showed a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16, with metacentric chromosomes, except for the eighth submeta- to acrocentric pair. Several types of heterochromatin were detected, which varied in size, number, distribution and base composition. The C-CMA(+) bands and 45S rDNA were located predominantly in terminal regions. The C-CMA (+) /DAPI (+) bands appeared in interstitial and terminal regions, and the C-DAPI (+) bands were found in all chromosome regions. The 5S rDNA sites were observed on the long arm of pair 8 in all species except C. capsulare, where they were found in the paracentromeric region of the long arm of pair 4. The differences in band patterns among the species studied here, along with data from other nine species reported in the literature, suggest that the bands are dispersed in an equilocal and non-equilocal manner and that structural rearrangements can be responsible for internal karyotype diversification. However, it is important to point out that the structural changes involving repetitive segments did not culminate in substantial changes in the general karyotype structure concerning chromosome size and morphology.     

湖南蝗虫二新种 (直翅目：斑腿蝗科)

 记述斑腿蝗科 Catantopidae 卵翅蝗属Caryanda Stal ,1878一新种雪峰山卵翅蝗C.xuefengshanensis sp.nov. 和蹦蝗属Sinopodisma C hang,1940 一新种大围山蹦蝗S.daweishana sp.nov.。前者标本采自湖南省黄桑自然保 护区（绥宁县）;后者标本采自湖南省大围山国家森林公园(浏阳市)。