Highlights? Top-down and bottom-up approaches to genome streamlining. ? Computational support for constructing and refactoring streamlined genomes. ? From genome engineering to metabolic reprogramming. ? Perspectives in applied genome engineering. 相似文献
Highlights? The Plk4 cryptic polo box is a structurally unique, tandem polo box array: PB1-PB2 ? Full length Plk4 comprises three polo box domains, a unique polo kinase architecture ? The Plk4 PB1-PB2 cassette is required for Asterless binding and centriole targeting ? The Plk4 PB1-PB2 homodimer potentiates Plk4 degradation 相似文献
Highlights? Microbial genomes contain multiple clusters for biosynthesis of chemically diverse compounds. ? Most of such genes remain silent, preventing the respective compounds from being discovered. ? Silent gene clusters can be activated and/or heterologously expressed. ? New microbial hosts and tools are needed to make the abovementioned process efficient. ? Synthetic biology will play a major role in the genome-based drug discovery. 相似文献
Highlights? Chromosome engineering efficiently generates neocentromeres in chicken DT40 cells ? CENP-A reproducibly occupies an ～40 kb genomic region at each neocentromere ? Nonkinetochore CENP-A appears to function as a seed for neocentromere assembly 相似文献
Highlights? This study quantitatively analyzes blindsight in natural vision for the first time ? Monkeys with V1 lesion are attracted to salient objects in their lesioned visual field ? Motion, intensity, and color—but not orientation—salience drive blindsight attention ? New laboratory experiments with color stimuli confirm the natural vision findings 相似文献
Highlights► Targeting enzymes to organelles with highest precursor pool affects product yield. ► Targeting of nonendogenous enzymes to organelles is a useful tool for engineering. ► Identification of transporters is central for effective metabolic engineering. ► Advances in metabolomics of isolated organelles will impact engineering strategies. ► Future plant metabolic engineering will include introduction of entire pathways. 相似文献
Highlights? Nature is equipped with solutions to use light to drive essential metabolic processes. ? Delivery of foreign genes enables light sensitivity to otherwise insensitive cells. ? Cells are engineered to transform light energy into desired biological functions. ? Light-regulated control has led to great advances in biomedical research. 相似文献
Highlights? Vault particles can be exploited in nanobiotechnology as drug delivery nanodevices. ? The structural information of vaults would serve as a guide for rational engineering. ? The dynamic structure of vaults may be controlled for manipulation of drug release. ? Engineered vaults allow specific cell targeting and controlled encapsulation. 相似文献
Highlights? Identification of OTUB1 mutants with impaired ability to inhibit E2 enzymes ? Crystal structure of a ubiquitin-charged E2 bound to OTUB1 ? Molecular basis of Lys48-linked ubiquitin chain recognition by OTUB1 determined ? OTUB1 employs product inhibition mimicry to inhibit E2 enzymes 相似文献
Highlights? Motivation is the product of past experience and current mesocorticolimbic state ? Novel appetite state transforms a repulsive salt cue into a motivational magnet ? The cue becomes avidly “wanted,” despite knowledge that the salt always tastes disgusting ? This dynamic transformation recruits brain mesocorticolimbic circuitry 相似文献
Highlights? Self-organization is a property of developmental systems and pluripotent stem cells. ? Tissue engineering approaches can be applied to control self-organization in vitro. ? Maturation of pluripotent stem cells in vitro may be promoted by self-organization. ? Subtle, dynamic signals are provided to pluripotent cells through self-organization. 相似文献
Highlights► Alkylating enzymes allow regiospecific and chemospecific reactions where classical chemical syntheses fail or require an extensive protection strategy. ► Prenyltransferase and methyltransferase are increasingly applicable in biotechnology. ► Cofactor or cosubstrate availability can still be a limiting factor. ► Enzyme cascade reactions and/or whole-cell systems are applied to perform multiple step transformations. ► Alkyltransferases are crucial elements in pathway engineering and synthetic biology, especially toward plant derived (natural) products. 相似文献
Highlights? Structural features of 2OG oxygenases involved in substrate recognition are analyzed. ? Crystallographic studies reveal the versatility of the jelly roll fold in substrate binding. ? Defined structural regions that interact with substrate(s) are biased by fold topology. ? The utility of the enzyme–substrate structures for engineering and selective inhibition are discussed. 相似文献
Highlights► Fermentation is being adopted by many companies for new and natural products. ► Fermentation is increasingly used as sustainable alternative for existing food processing. ► Innovation is achieved by applying traditional fermentation processes for novel substrates. 相似文献
Highlights► Production of novel pharmaceutical and commodity chemicals. ► Protein and pathway engineering pave the way for product diversifications. ► ‘Omics’ data have helped assembly of pathways from different species. ► Recombination of enzymatic domains and site-directed mutagenesis. ► Tunable control of pathways for better production. 相似文献
