Biologically and chemically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater

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Highlights? Phosphorus (P) ineffluent can be removed by biological/chemical-driven adsorption and precipitation. ? Phosphorus adsorption by filters and struvite formation are promising options in this field. ? Emerging adsorption approaches include P removal by polymers/nanomaterials.     

The phosphorus mass balance: identifying ‘hotspots’ in the food system as a roadmap to phosphorus security

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Highlights? SFA can aid sustainable P management in response to P scarcity and pollution. ? 18 recent P SFAs are assessed at different scales to identify P ‘hotspots’. ? Context-specific analyses are important to quantify P flows in a given system. ? Regardless of scale, P is lost from all sectors between mine, field and fork. ? Losses in the mining/fertilizer and food processing sectors must not be overlooked. ? P use efficiency and recovery is needed in mining, agriculture, food, household and waste sectors.     

Recombinant live vaccine candidates against tuberculosis

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Highlights? A robust pipeline of recombinant live TB vaccines aims to replace BCG. ? Current candidates are better than BCG in controlling TB in preclinical models. ? Three candidates in clinical trials signal hope for medium-term market introduction. ? Candidates do not prevent or eradicate infection. ? BCG can serve as vaccine platform to address the needs of diseases other than TB.     

Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

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Highlights? Group feeding animals according to their physiological state will reduce P consumption. ? Reducing P in feed and precision feeding of P will increase efficiency of P utilization by livestock. ? Addition of phytase enzyme will increase P availability especially in swine and poultry. ? Transgenic plants and animals offer a way for efficient phosphate uptake. ? Nutritional genomics is expected to improve efficiency of P utilization in livestock.     

Structural and functional analysis of HtrA1 and its subdomains

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Highlights? IGFBP-like domain structure suggests that it is incompetent for IGF binding ? Kazal-like domain structure shows distorted “P1” loop incompetent for inhibition ? Protease domain shows catalytic readiness in apo form ? SAXS envelope for full-length HtrA1     

Phosphorus: a limiting nutrient for humanity?

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Highlights? P is essential to build key molecules, such as RNA needed for rapid growth. ? P is often limiting to productivity in ecosystems, including to crops. ? Large amounts of P are mined annually to make fertilizer to produce food. ? Current P use is unsustainable owing to ecosystem impacts and uncertainties about fertilizer production. ? A food system redesign to combine P-efficient crops with P recycling is needed.     

A position-specific distance-dependent statistical potential for protein structure and functional study

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Highlights? Protein and position-specific statistical potentials are more powerful ? Evolutionary information greatly boost performance of statistical potentials ? Observed probability is critical to energy potentials, in addition to reference state ? Observed probability can be estimated better using context-specific information     

The dark energy of proteins comes to light: conformational entropy and its role in protein function revealed by NMR relaxation

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Highlights? Fast motion interconverts states with significant conformational entropy. ? Fast internal motion can be characterized in a site resolved way using solution NMR relaxation phenomena. ? Internal protein motion can be used as a proxy for conformational entropy. ? Conformational entropy can contribute significantly to ligand binding by proteins.     

Structures of adnectin/protein complexes reveal an expanded binding footprint

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Highlights? Adnectins interact with targets using multiple binding modes ? Residues outside of the diversified loops can interact with ligand ? Some fixed scaffold residues contribute to the binding energy ? Adnectins can interact with epitopes that may be inaccessible to antibodies     

Mutational tipping points for switching protein folds and functions

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Highlights? Switching between 3α and 4β+α folds can occur in multiple ways ? Single-residue mutations at diverse positions can induce fold switching ? Mutations lead to a near-complete shift in equilibrium between the two folds ? New function can be gained before the relevant fold is significantly populated     

GRSF1 Regulates RNA Processing in Mitochondrial RNA Granules

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Highlights? GRSF1 resides in the mitochondrial matrix and is required for mitochondrial function ? GRSF1 is required for the processing of tRNA-containing and tRNA-lacking precursors ? GRSF1, RNase P, and nascent RNA are part of “mitochondrial RNA granules” ? Mitochondrial RNA granules are functionally linked to RNA processing     

Intestinal Tumorigenesis Initiated by Dedifferentiation and Acquisition of Stem-Cell-like Properties

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Highlights? Epithelial nonstem cells can be reprogrammed into tumor-initiating cells ? Dedifferentiation depends on degree of Wnt signaling ? Wnt signaling is enhanced by NFkB via the coactivator CBP ? Differentiation of stem cells into nonstem cells is bidirectional     

Essential features and rational design of CRISPR RNAs that function with the Cas RAMP module complex to cleave RNAs

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Highlights? CRISPR RNA function requires a conserved CRISPR sequence tag ? CRISPR RNAs can be engineered to direct cleavage of novel target RNAs ? The Cmr complex cleaves complementary RNAs in vivo     

Near-Real-Time Feature-Selective Modulations in Human Cortex

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Highlights? Understanding cognition requires knowledge of temporal dynamics of neural behavior ? SSVEP may be used to reconstruct orientation response profiles at a subsecond scale ? Provides a metric that can rapidly track information processing in human cortex     

DOLORS: Versatile Strategy for Internal Labeling and Domain Localization in Electron Microscopy

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Highlights? DOLORS is a strategy for EM labeling using AviTag and streptavidin ? Internal domains within a large protein can be labeled and identified ? Higher accuracy and precision are achieved by sampling multiple RCT reconstructions ? Offers a powerful method for deciphering moderate-resolution EM structures     

Phage dUTPases Control Transfer of Virulence Genes by a Proto-Oncogenic G Protein-like Mechanism

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Highlights? dUTPases are signaling molecules acting in analogous manner to the G proteins ? Binding to dUTP induces a conformational change in the phage-encoded dUTPases ? The dUTP-bound form of the phage dUTPases induces transfer of virulence genes ? The dUTPase P loop-like motif V is the molecular switch of the signaling mechanism     

The Crystal Structures of the Eukaryotic Chaperonin CCT Reveal Its Functional Partitioning

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Highlights? CCT subunit types can be identified in crystallographic data, even at low resolutions ? Actin and tubulin both bind around CCT6 ? ATP hydrolysis and substrate binding are partitioned in the CCT particle     

Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacological Rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 Pathway Required for Cardiac Inflow Tract Development

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Highlights? Wnt2 is required for atrial and inflow tract morphogenesis ? Wnt2 regulates expansion of secondary heart field progenitors ? Defects in Wnt2^?/? mutants can be rescued using Wnt signaling agonists ? Wnt2 cooperates with Gata6 to regulate cardiac inflow tract development     

Recognition of Mono-ADP-Ribosylated ARTD10 Substrates by ARTD8 Macrodomains

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Highlights? ARTD8 macrodomains read ARTD10-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation ? The structure of ARTD8 macrodomains reveals a conserved fold for ADP-ribose binding ? Distinct macrodomains read mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation selectively ? ARTD8 macrodomains can be used to visualize mono-ADP-ribosylation in cells     

Protein-Peptide Complex Prediction through Fragment Interaction Patterns

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Highlights? Polypeptide fragment interaction patterns predict bound protein-peptide complexes ? Peptide structures can be refined or extended by polypeptide fragment alphabets ? Interacting polypeptide fragment pairs guide domain-domain interface identification ? Interacting polypeptide fragment scaffolds have potential to dock protein domains