Mutation at the am locus of Neurospora crassa

Forty-eight new mutations at the am locus of Neurospora crassa have been characterized. Nineteen mutations were induced by UV; of these, eight were missense, two were frameshifts, two were nonsense, three were deletions and four were unidentified. Twenty-nine mutations were induced with nitrous acid; of these, twenty-one were missense, three were frameshifts, one was nonsense, two were deletions and one was genetically unstable.     

多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌患者的诊断价值

目的:研究多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年9月在我院确诊的肺结核合并肺癌患者32例和单纯肺结核患者39例应用多层螺旋CT扫描患者肺部病变情况。结果:肺结核合并肺癌组:陈旧性肺结核28例、活动性肺结核4例;病灶位置经典部位29例、非经典部位3例,合并鳞癌11例、腺癌13例、小细胞癌5例、未分化癌3例;10例结核病灶与肺癌病灶不同侧、13例结核病灶与肺癌病灶同侧不同叶、9例结核病灶于肺癌病灶同侧同叶。单纯性肺结核组胨旧性肺结核36例、活动性肺结核3例;病灶位置经典部位34例(上叶尖段11例、后段9例、下叶背段14例)、非经典部位5例。肺结核合并肺癌组患者分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、阻塞性肺炎及肺不张以及棘状突起比例高于单纯肺结核组,而空泡影比例低于单纯肺结核组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组钙化、斑片条索影、结节影以及空洞或空腔比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌具有较高的临床鉴别诊断价值。     

不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析

以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明：山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63．58％,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近：果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。     

豌豆根瘤中细菌的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了豌豆根瘤的侵染细胞.结果表明,在这些细胞中有大量的细菌,它们主要是杆状细菌,其次是球形、Y形和T形细菌,其它形状的细菌很少.除了细菌形状不同外,还有一些细菌比较特殊,如有的细菌较长,菌体出现部分收缩并形成一个或一个以上的收缩环,其形状类似一条莲根;有的细菌很大,它的体积是普通细菌的2倍或2倍以上;有的细菌粗细不均匀,端部膨大,呈棒槌状.侵染细胞中有许多小泡,它们大小不同,呈球形.它们存于细菌之间,其中一些小泡还位于细菌的表面上,而且附近细菌的表面有时还有各种隆起.     

Tissue Culture of Lily Filament and Its Cytological Observations

Anthers with the filament of lily （Lilium davidii var. Willmottiae (Wilson) Roffill） were planted on modified MS medium. Filament cultures were incubated at 25℃± 1℃, and illuminated with a fluorescent light of about 800–1200 lux. Cultured filaments were initially short in length, but gradually became thicker and elongater after 20 days. After 30 days, the calli (about 2 mm in size) were produced. The calli were then transferred to the differentiation medium. After 20 days, the bulblets were developed from the calli, and the regeneration plants were formed after 40 days for tetraploid induction, plantlets were treated by aqueous solution of colchicine. A preliminary ploidy analysis of the root tip cells of these treated plants indicated that it was predominantly tetraploid (4n=48) Of 56 mitotic figures examined, 19 were tetraploid, 10 were diploid and 27 were aneuploid. The intercellular migrating chromatin substance appeared in the calli were also observed.     

A Brief History of the Changing Occupations and Demographics of Coleopterists from the 18th Through the 20th Century

Systematic entomology flourished as a branch of Natural History from the 1750s to the end of the nineteenth century. During this interval, the “era of Heroic Entomology,” the majority of workers in the field were dedicated amateurs. This article traces the demographic and occupational shifts in entomology through this 150-year interval and into the early twentieth century. The survey is based on entomologists who studied beetles (Coleoptera), and who named sufficient numbers of species to have their own names abbreviated by subsequent taxonomists. In the eighteenth century, 27 entomologists achieved this level of prominence, of whom 37% were academics, 19% were doctors, 11% had private incomes, 19% were clergymen, and 8% were government officials. Many of those with private incomes were members of the European aristocracy, and all but one were European men. The nineteenth century list included 192 entomologists, of whom 17% were academics, 16% were museum curators, 2% were school teachers, 15% were doctors, 6% were military men, 7% were merchants, 2% were government entomologists, 6% had private incomes, 5% were clergymen, 5% were government officials, and 4% were lawyers. The demographics of entomology shifted dramatically in the nineteenth century. Whereas many of the noteworthy entomologists of the eighteenth century were German, Swedish, or French, in the nineteenth century, many more European countries are represented, and almost one-fifth of the noteworthy entomologists were from the United States. The nineteenth century list, like the eighteenth century list, contains no women. By the twentieth century, 63% of 178 noteworthy systematic entomologists were paid professionals, teaching entomology courses in universities, or studying insect taxonomy in museums and government-sponsored laboratories. Only one person on the twentieth century list had a private income, but women (ten individuals) were included on the list for the first time.     

水稻胚囊发育过程中微管的变化

对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)胚囊发育过程中微管变化的研究表明,微管在胚囊发育的不同阶段变化多样。在大孢子母细胞阶段微管分布主要呈辐射状,部分纵向排列。二分体和功能大孢子具类似的微管分布,而在单核胚囊微管主要是随机分布,部分呈辐射状。两核和四核胚囊的微管组成和分布非常相似,主要分布于细胞核周围。而八核胚囊的微管分布较为复杂,胚囊中的细胞做管分布各异,在卵细胞中呈随机分布,在助细胞中大多数呈纵向分布,而在中央细胞中呈横向分布,微管在反足细胞中非常分散,细胞质中有少量纵向排列的微管。     

Hepatitis B surface antigen: regional variation in sub-type ratio in the Canadian Red Cross donor population.

A total of 344 sera positive for hepatitis B surface antigen from volunteer blood donors at several Canadian Red Cross centres were subtyped for ad and ay specificity by counterelectrophoresis. Of the 50 sera from Toronto 21 (42%) were ad and 29 (58%) were ay; of the 95 from Montreal 82 (86%) were ad and 13 (14%) were ay; of the 199 from Quebec 179 (90%) were ad and only 20 (10%) were ay. The w and r specificities were also determined in 125 of the samples: 123 were w; the 2 samples of r specificity were from Toronto. On the other hand, among 45 sera from patients with acute hepatitis type B in Quebec 13 (29%) were ad and 33 (71%) ay.     

Yeast proteins associated with microtubules in vitro and in vivo.

Conditions were established for the self-assembly of milligram amounts of purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae tubulin. Microtubules assembled with pure yeast tubulin were not stabilized by taxol; hybrid microtubules containing substoichiometric amounts of bovine tubulin were stabilized. Yeast microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were identified on affinity matrices made from hybrid and all-bovine microtubules. About 25 yeast MAPs were isolated. The amino-terminal sequences of several of these were determined: three were known metabolic enzymes, two were GTP-binding proteins (including the product of the SAR1 gene), and three were novel proteins not found in sequence databases. Affinity-purified antisera were generated against synthetic peptides corresponding to two of the apparently novel proteins (38 and 50 kDa). Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that both these proteins colocalize with intra- and extranuclear microtubules in vivo.     

长白山不同植被带大型真菌多样性调查名录Ⅲ针叶林带

根据2000—2009年间在长白山针叶林带所采集的标本,报道了长白山北坡、西坡和南坡针叶林带分布的大型真菌共计310种,隶属于56科140属。其中,中国新记录种2种,吉林省新记录种38种。根据生态类型划分出腐生菌166种,外生菌根菌136种,菌寄生真菌6种和虫生菌2种。本名录共引证标本900余份,绝大多数标本为首次被引证,包括大型真菌每个种的最新名称和标本号保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。     

Ultrastructural studies of developing goat oocytes in vitro

The structure and distribution of organelles within developing goat oocytes at various stages of incubation were studied. In oocytes with 5 or more layers of cumulus cells, at 0 h of incubation, the zona pellucida had developed although zonation was not evident. Lipid bodies were present but no mitochondria were observed. At 20 h, the zona pellucida had differentiated into thicker and thinner regions. Clusters of membrane-bound electron-transparent bodies were present in the perivitelline space. The mitochondria were fully developed, distributed evenly and usually in close proximity with dilated endoplasmic reticula. Cortical granules were distributed at the periphery. At 40 h of incubation, a number of mitochondria was hooded. In oocytes of 2 to 4 layers of cumulus cells at 0 h, the zona pellucida was penetrated by cumulus cell processes, and the mitochondria were not well developed. However, in 20-h incubated oocytes, fully developed mitochondria, many of which were hooded, could be observed. Clusters of membrane-bound electron-transparent bodies were also observed, while cortical granules were at the periphery. In cumulus-free oocytes, zonation within the zona pellucida was indistinct. Very few vesicles and lipid bodies were observed. At 20 h, mitochondria were sparsely distributed and were not well developed and lacked cristae. At 40 h, the zona pellucida was less compact, and the membrane-bound electron-transparent bodies were less numerous compared with those of the other groups. Endoplasmic reticula were not dilated, and cortical granules were few and had no definite pattern of distribution.     

Hepatitis B Antigen in Viral Hepatitis in West London

During the first 12 months of a total population survey 249 patients were seen with viral hepatitis. A total of 215 of these were tested for hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) by radioimmunoassay and 32 (15%) were positive.More than five times as many men (27) as women (5) were HBAg positive and 19 of the men were between the ages of 20 and 39 years. There were only four drug addicts among those tested, two of whom were positive, as were two of the four patients who were tattooed.Sixty out of 86 children (under 15 years) were tested for HBAg and none was positive.     

蓝狐消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组化研究

蓝狐又名北极狐(Alopex lagopus),属于食肉目(Carnivora),犬科(Canidae),北极狐属(Alopex).     

神农架大九湖湿地公园及周边区域两栖动物和爬行动物概况

神农架大九湖湿地公园独具特色的高山湿地生态系统孕育了独具特色的动植物资源,但其两栖动物和爬行动物物种多样性尚未报道.为此,2016至2018年对该区域的两栖动物和爬行动物进行了调查.共记录两栖动物21种,隶属于2目8科.其中,东洋种17种,古北种1种,广布种3种;湖北省级保护动物12种;IUCN收录21种,其中棘腹蛙(...     

耗竭性游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体膜功能的影响

耗竭性游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体膜功能的影响王文信,丁树哲,许豪文（华东师范大学体育系运动生化实验室,上海２０００６２）关键词心肌线粒体,内膜表面电位,游离钙,总钙,合成活力长时间耗竭性游泳或跑步引起心肌、骨骼肌、肝脏等线粒体结构和功能变化,这些变化可能与...     

陆地棉组织培养中再生植株的形态解剖学研究

在显微和超微水平不同层次上对陆地棉(Gossypium hisutum L.)再生植株中正常苗和玻璃苗叶及根端的形态结构进行了观察比较。结果表明:试管玻璃苗叶表面凹凸不平,气孔下陷,萎缩变形,表皮细胞形态不规则,排列不整齐,叶表面蜡质分布不均匀,其数量也较少;叶肉无明显的栅栏组织分化,细胞中叶绿体含量少、形态小,结构异常。超微结构显示,大部分叶肉细胞中叶绿体基粒片层分布少而含较多的基质片层,其它细胞器如线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等含量少或缺。叶脉维管组织发育不良,导管分子数目少,木质化程度低,根尖短而细,生长点仅由少数具分生能力的细胞组成,根冠细胞大,但数量少。正常苗形态结构基本类似于实生苗。     

Identifying individual great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda using natural body marks

Natural body marks on Sphyraena barracuda were recorded with digital images to identify individual fish. Over 18 months, 60 fish were photographed in situ , eight of which were re-photographed at later dates. Re-photographed fish were all large adults (>70 cm total length) and were all seen within 200 m of the site where they were originally observed 10–318 days prior. Over the same period and area, 116 fish were tagged using T-bar tags, yet none of these fish were recaptured. Natural body marks are thus an effective means of identifying and monitoring behaviour of individuals.     

Comparison of soluble proteins in juice and wine from Koshu grapes

Proteins were separated from Koshu grape juice and wine by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The protein fractions were further fractionated by gel electrophoresis and gel isoelectric focusing, followed by amino acid analyses. The juice contained more than eleven protein fractions with molecular weights between 13,000 and 65,000, and their isoelectric points were between 3.6 and 10.5. The wine also contained more than eleven protein fractions with molecular weights between 21,000 and 65,000, while their isoelectric points were between 3.6 and 11.0. All the juice proteins and some major wine proteins were glycoproteins. The same three protein fractions were present in both juice and wine. The other juice proteins were lost during wine-making and thus, were not detected in the wine. About half of the proteins detected in the wine were not observed in the juice. Some juice proteins were bound to the flavonoid phenolics extracted from the wine and were removed as insoluble precipitates. There was specific interaction between wine flavonoids and juice proteins.     

CT平扫对肠坏死诊断价值

目的:探讨CT平扫对肠坏死诊断价值,总结肠管坏死征象。方法:分析98例可疑肠坏死患者CT平扫图像,所有患者均经手术证实或未能及时治疗死亡患者CT平扫影像,总结、分析影像特点。结果:全部患者中40例患者存在肠坏死,肠壁厚度改变,包括29例肠壁增厚,8例肠壁菲薄,5例表现为肠壁密度减低,3例表现为肠壁密度增加,25例表现肠管扩张,8例表现肠管塌陷,36例肠管内积液,其中34例见气液平面,4例仅见积气,5例肠壁内见气泡影,38例见腹腔积液,10例见系膜水肿,2例见肠系膜血管密度增高,1例肠系膜静脉内气体,1例门静脉内气体,5例见腹腔游离气体。结论:多排螺旋CT平扫对肠坏死部位及范围的评价有较高的价值,同时CT平扫能明确病因,为及早治疗打下良好基础。     

Prevalence and ultrastructure of three types of Sarcocystis in mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque), in Montana

Infection with Sarcocystis (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) was diagnosed in 130 of 153 (85%) samples of muscle from mule deer around Bozeman, Montana. Three structurally distinct mature and microscopic sarcocysts with characteristic cyst walls were found. Cyst walls of type I sarcocysts were about 2 microns thick and had characteristic inverted tee-shaped villar projections; these cysts were considered to be S. hemionilatrantis Hudkins and Kistner, 1976. Cyst walls in type II sarcocysts were thick-walled (about 7 microns) and their villar projections were 6.7 X 1.1 micron. The core of the villar projections consisted of granular material and some filamentous structures. Bradyzoites were 11.6 X 2.8 microns and were tightly packed in compartments. Cyst walls of type III sarcocysts were also thick-walled (about 9 microns) but the villar projections were 8.5 X 4.7 microns. Bradyzoites were 13 X 3.3 microns and were loosely arranged in compartments.