Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

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Highlights? Group feeding animals according to their physiological state will reduce P consumption. ? Reducing P in feed and precision feeding of P will increase efficiency of P utilization by livestock. ? Addition of phytase enzyme will increase P availability especially in swine and poultry. ? Transgenic plants and animals offer a way for efficient phosphate uptake. ? Nutritional genomics is expected to improve efficiency of P utilization in livestock.     

The phosphorus mass balance: identifying ‘hotspots’ in the food system as a roadmap to phosphorus security

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Highlights? SFA can aid sustainable P management in response to P scarcity and pollution. ? 18 recent P SFAs are assessed at different scales to identify P ‘hotspots’. ? Context-specific analyses are important to quantify P flows in a given system. ? Regardless of scale, P is lost from all sectors between mine, field and fork. ? Losses in the mining/fertilizer and food processing sectors must not be overlooked. ? P use efficiency and recovery is needed in mining, agriculture, food, household and waste sectors.     

Minimising phosphorus losses from the soil matrix

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Highlights? Agricultural intensification promotes P loss and poor P use efficiency. ? Losses are enriched in soils with poor P retention and subject to frequent runoff. ? Strategies to prevent loss need to focus on specific farming systems. ? The effectiveness of strategies is better if applied to critical source areas (CSAs), but may never reach a reference state. ? A greater focus on farming areas naturally resilient to P loss is warranted.     

Biologically and chemically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater

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Highlights? Phosphorus (P) ineffluent can be removed by biological/chemical-driven adsorption and precipitation. ? Phosphorus adsorption by filters and struvite formation are promising options in this field. ? Emerging adsorption approaches include P removal by polymers/nanomaterials.     

Structural and functional analysis of HtrA1 and its subdomains

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Highlights? IGFBP-like domain structure suggests that it is incompetent for IGF binding ? Kazal-like domain structure shows distorted “P1” loop incompetent for inhibition ? Protease domain shows catalytic readiness in apo form ? SAXS envelope for full-length HtrA1     

Material strategies for creating artificial cell-instructive niches

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Highlights? Biomaterial selection based on origin, biodegradability, and microstructure. ? Bulk and surface biochemical modification of scaffolds for presentation of cytokines. ? Designing scaffolds with in vivo-like mechanical properties and topography. ? Use of microfluidics to replicate dynamic mechanical and biochemical parameters.     

The Molecular Basis for Substrate Specificity of the Nuclear NIPP1:PP1 Holoenzyme

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Highlights? The first structure of a nuclear PP1 holoenzyme, NIPP1:PP1 ? The NIPP1 helix defines a unique interaction site on PP1 ? Identification of a common PP1-binding pocket, the ΦΦ motif-binding pocket ? Explains the mechanism of nuclear substrate selection by PP1     

Distinct States of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Indicate Inhibitor Binding by Conformational Selection

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Highlights? Complexes of MetRS from T. brucei with its substrate, intermediate, and inhibitors ? In crystals, substrate-bound MetRS undergoes extensive changes with inhibitor binding ? The inhibitor-bound conformation is surprisingly similar to the ligand-free state ? This indicates inhibitor binding occurs via conformational selection not by induced fit     

Plant based phosphorus recovery from wastewater via algae and macrophytes

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Highlights? Algal ponds and macrophyte wetlands in widespread use for wastewater treatment. ? Harvested algae/macrophytes require <1/10 of the area compared to terrestrial crops for phosphorus uptake. ? Luxury uptake could be used to increase the phosphorus content of the biomass. ? Multiple opportunities exist (e.g. offshore cultivation) but are still in their infancy. ? Phosphorus recovery via plants has potential to become an important future solution.     

Phosphorus: a limiting nutrient for humanity?

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Highlights? P is essential to build key molecules, such as RNA needed for rapid growth. ? P is often limiting to productivity in ecosystems, including to crops. ? Large amounts of P are mined annually to make fertilizer to produce food. ? Current P use is unsustainable owing to ecosystem impacts and uncertainties about fertilizer production. ? A food system redesign to combine P-efficient crops with P recycling is needed.     

Thrombopoietin-Increased DNA-PK-Dependent DNA Repair Limits Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mutagenesis in Response to DNA Damage

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Highlights? Mpl loss increases γ-irradiation-induced genomic instability in HSPCs ? TPO promotes DNA repair in vitro and in vivo in HSPCs ? TPO increases DNA-PK activity and NHEJ-mediated repair efficiency in HSPCs ? A single TPO injection before mouse TBI limits long-term HSC injury and mutagenesis     

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater through microbial processes

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Highlights? EBPR is a mature, effective technology to concentrate P from dilute streams. ? EBPR sludge is rich in phosphorus: it can be applied to land. ? Phosphorus in EBPR sludge can be recovered as struvite; P needs to first be solubilized. ? Solubilization of P through anaerobic digestion is attractive, but complexing with metal ions needs to be minimized.     

An efficient null model for conformational fluctuations in proteins

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Highlights? TYPHON explores a protein's conformational space under given nonlocal restraints ? TYPHON's advanced probabilistic models ensure protein-like local structure ? TYPHON can reproduce a range of experimental results ? TYPHON's computational efficiency makes large scale screening efforts possible     

Phage dUTPases Control Transfer of Virulence Genes by a Proto-Oncogenic G Protein-like Mechanism

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Highlights? dUTPases are signaling molecules acting in analogous manner to the G proteins ? Binding to dUTP induces a conformational change in the phage-encoded dUTPases ? The dUTP-bound form of the phage dUTPases induces transfer of virulence genes ? The dUTPase P loop-like motif V is the molecular switch of the signaling mechanism     

GRSF1 Regulates RNA Processing in Mitochondrial RNA Granules

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Highlights? GRSF1 resides in the mitochondrial matrix and is required for mitochondrial function ? GRSF1 is required for the processing of tRNA-containing and tRNA-lacking precursors ? GRSF1, RNase P, and nascent RNA are part of “mitochondrial RNA granules” ? Mitochondrial RNA granules are functionally linked to RNA processing     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

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Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

Quiescent and Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells with Distinct Morphologies Respond Selectively to Physiological and Pathological Stimuli and Aging

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Highlights? Notch signaling defines morphologically distinct hippocampal stem cell populations ? Radial and horizontal hippocampal stem cells depend on canonical Notch signaling ? Different neural stem cell subpopulations respond selectively to neurogenic stimuli ? Aging results in a reversible transition of stem cells to a quiescent state     

Endogenous Purification Reveals GREB1 as a Key Estrogen Receptor Regulatory Factor

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Highlights? A proteomic method identifies protein-protein interaction in primary tumors ? GREB1 is the top estrogen-induced ER-interacting protein ? GREB1 is an essential ER cofactor recruited to chromatin ? GREB1 is an independent prognostic marker     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression