纳米金在肿瘤成像和放射治疗领域的应用进展

纳米金颗粒以其优越的理化性质在医学领域发挥独特的作用.近年来越来越多的研究证实了纳米金在肿瘤早期诊断和治疗方面方面有重要作用,尤其是纳米金正被逐步应用肿瘤成像和治疗领域.本文从纳米金的性质,在肿瘤成像和放射治疗方面的应用进展等方面作一综述.     

纳米酶在疾病治疗中的研究与应用

纳米酶是一种新型的具有类酶活性的纳米颗粒人工酶,在生物检测、抗炎、抗氧化损伤和癌症治疗等疾病诊断和治疗领域展现出良好的应用前景。本文总结了具有不同类酶活性的纳米酶在疾病诊治中的应用,并对影响纳米酶活性的主要影响因素进行了阐述,将使相关研究人员更好地了解纳米酶的发展现状,并提供后续研究的相关线索。     

新模式肿瘤纳米诊疗一体化

纳米诊疗一体化是恶性肿瘤精准治疗的重要研究方向之一。通过纳米载体实现的可视化药物递送和治疗监控,在肿瘤诊断和治疗过程中具有独特优势。本文归纳了近年来纳米诊疗一体化发展的新模式及其研究现状,旨在为推动纳米诊疗一体化的进一步应用提供参考。     

介孔纳米二氧化硅作为药物载体在癌症治疗中的应用

介孔纳米二氧化硅作为抗肿瘤药物载体,在癌症治疗上的应用越来越受到关注。介孔纳米二氧化硅不仅可实现药物的有效递送,而且可显著提高药物的生物利用度。功能化介孔纳米二氧化硅还能提高药物对肿瘤细胞的靶向性,实现药物的特异性按需释放。该新型纳米载体在癌症治疗中具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文对介孔纳米二氧化硅作为药物载体在多种癌症治疗中的应用,以及不同表面修饰物对药物载体递送的影响和优势加以综述,并对功能化介孔纳米二氧化硅载体对提高药物抗癌活性和靶向性的积极作用提出了展望。     

金纳米棒的表面修饰及其应用于肿瘤诊疗的研究进展

金纳米棒具有独特的光学性质、表面易修饰性、较低的生物毒性和良好的生物相容性,因而在成像、光热治疗和药物载带等方面具有极高的潜在应用价值.本文综述了典型的金纳米棒表面修饰方法及其在生物成像、光热治疗和药物治疗中的应用,重点阐述了通过金纳米棒同时实现肿瘤诊断和治疗相结合的研究进展.     

纳米生物技术在医学中的应用

近年来纳米材料和纳米生物技术在临床治疗及临床诊断方面的应用越来越广泛,纳米药物、纳米医用材料、纳米芯片技术、体外诊断试剂逐渐开发并取得了重要进展。主要从纳米医疗和纳米诊断这两方面对纳米材料和纳米生物技术的现状及其发展前景进行了阐述。     

铁蛋白纳米颗粒应用于生物医疗领域的研究进展

在漫长的进化过程中,生物系统中出现了多种多样的纳米粒子。其中铁蛋白纳米粒子广泛存在于所有生物体内,是参与生命活动的重要功能蛋白。近年来,铁蛋白自组装纳米粒子特殊的理化性质使其在生物医学领域应用中呈现出巨大的优势和应用前景。铁蛋白纳米笼的应用主要包括微量血清铁蛋白的临床检查、作为营养物质补充机体铁需求、纳米生物材料平台和纳米材料的生物呈递等。综述了铁蛋白纳米粒子在疾病诊断与治疗以及药物呈递与疫苗开发上的应用,并对铁蛋白纳米粒子在生物医学领域的应用前景进行展望。     

聚合物纳米颗粒对动脉粥样硬化病变的影响及相关机理研究进展

聚合物纳米颗粒通常指基于疏水性聚合物的纳米粒子,由于其良好的生物相容性、高效的长循环特性以及优于其他纳米颗粒物的代谢排出方式等,在纳米医学领域中得到了广泛关注。现有研究证明聚合物纳米颗粒在心血管疾病,尤其是在动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的诊断、治疗中具有独特的优点,已经成功地由基础研究向临床应用转化。但是聚合物纳米颗粒引起的炎症反应诱导泡沫细胞形成、巨噬细胞自噬,以及心血管系统疾病力学微环境改变引起的聚合物纳米颗粒富集等,都可能最终诱导AS的发生发展。在此,本文综述了近年来聚合物纳米颗粒在诊断、治疗AS疾病中的应用及其与AS病变的关系和机理,为后续研究利用聚合物纳米颗粒开发新型纳米药物治疗AS提供理论依据。     

综述与专论: 纳米酶在肿瘤催化诊疗方面的应用

作为一个特殊的交叉学科前沿,纳米酶在近几年来引起了科学界的广泛关注。自2007年首次发现四氧化三铁纳米材料具有类似辣根过氧化物酶的催化特性以来,纳米酶的研究迅速兴起。其特殊的在纳米尺度的理化性质赋予它们优越的催化性能,以用于各方面的应用,例如癌症的诊断和治疗。本文重点介绍近年来催化化学的发展所促进的纳米医学在肿瘤诊疗方面的应用,以及纳米酶的研究现状和未来的展望。通过合理地将催化化学与临床纳米诊疗医学相结合,这些新型的纳米酶及其在肿瘤成像和治疗方面优越的催化性能,将会极大地促进纳米医学新子学科的产生。     

国内简讯

纳米操作机器人在癌症靶向治疗中的应用研究取得新进展我国自然科学领域学术期刊《科学通报》以封面专题的形式报道了中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所微纳米课题组利用纳米操作机器人在癌症靶向治疗研究方面的科研成果。     

Bioengineering of bacterial magnetic particles and their applications in biotechnology

Magnetic particles have attracted much attention for their versatile uses in biotechnology, especially in medical applications. The major advantage of magnetic particles is that they can be easily manipulated by magnetic forces. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize nano-sized biomagnetites, otherwise known as bacterial magnetic particles (BacMPs) that are individually enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. The mechanisms of BacMP synthesis have been analyzed by genomic, proteomic, and bioinformatic approaches. Based on those studies in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, functional nanomaterials have been designed and produced. Through genetic engineering, functional proteins such as enzymes, antibodies, and receptors have been successfully displayed on BacMPs. These functional BacMPs have been utilized in various biosensors and bio-separation processes. Here, recent papers and patents for bioengineering of BacMPs and their applications in biotechnology are reviewed. The elucidation of the mechanism of magnetic particle synthesis has provided a roadmap for the design of novel biomaterials that can play useful roles in multiple disciplinary fields.     

Application of magnetic nanoparticles in smart enzyme immobilization

Immobilization of enzymes enhances their properties for efficient utilization in industrial processes. Magnetic nanoparticles, due to their high surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio and easy separation under external magnetic fields, are highly valued. Significant progress has been made to develop new catalytic systems that are immobilized onto magnetic nanocarriers. This review provides an overview of recent developments in enzyme immobilization and stabilization protocols using this technology. The current applications of immobilized enzymes based on magnetic nanoparticles are summarized and future growth prospects are discussed. Recommendations are also given for areas of future research.     

Advances in 3D printing of composite scaffolds for the repairment of bone tissue associated defects

The conventional methods of using autografts and allografts for repairing defects in bone, the osteochondral bone, and the cartilage tissue have many disadvantages, like donor site morbidity and shortage of donors. Moreover, only 30% of the implanted grafts are shown to be successful in treating the defects. Hence, exploring alternative techniques such as tissue engineering to treat bone tissue associated defects is promising as it eliminates the above-mentioned limitations. To enhance the mechanical and biological properties of the tissue engineered product, it is essential to fabricate the scaffold used in tissue engineering by the combination of various biomaterials. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, with its ability to print composite materials and with complex geometry seems to have a huge potential in scaffold fabrication technique for engineering bone associated tissues. This review summarizes the recent applications and future perspectives of 3D printing technologies in the fabrication of composite scaffolds used in bone, osteochondral, and cartilage tissue engineering. Key developments in the field of 3D printing technologies involves the incorporation of various biomaterials and cells in printing composite scaffolds mimicking physiologically relevant complex geometry and gradient porosity. Much recently, the emerging trend of printing smart scaffolds which can respond to external stimulus such as temperature, pH and magnetic field, known as 4D printing is gaining immense popularity and can be considered as the future of 3D printing applications in the field of tissue engineering.     

综述——纳米材料在组织工程中的应用：磁性纳米材料在组织工程研究中的应用

磁性纳米材料因其独特的理化性质在组织工程研究中被广泛地应用．本文主要从磁性纳米材料的表面化学活性、磁学性质以及生物应用磁性纳米材料的主要合成方法等几方面,综述了近年来利用磁性纳米材料设计组织工程支架材料的相关研究进展,包括纳米条件下的生长因子及相关基因的包裹和释放、机械力学刺激、干细胞追踪以及细胞图案化．     

Advanced biomaterials and their potential applications in the treatment of periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is considered as a widespread infectious disease and the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts for developing periodontal disease treatment strategies, including drug delivery and regeneration approaches, provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future periodontal therapies. Recently, emerging advanced biomaterials including hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers and particles, hold great potential to be utilized as cell/drug carriers for local drug delivery and biomimetic scaffolds for future regeneration therapies. In this review, first, we describe the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, including plaque formation, immune response and inflammatory reactions caused by bacteria. Second, periodontal therapy and an overview of current biomaterials in periodontal regenerative medicine have been discussed. Third, the roles of state-of-the-art biomaterials, including hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers and micro/nanoparticles, developed for periodontal disease treatment and periodontal tissue regeneration, and their fabrication methods, have been presented. Finally, biological properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and immunogenicity of the biomaterials, together with their current applications strategies are given. Conclusive remarks and future perspectives for such advanced biomaterials are discussed.     

磁性纳米粒子作用于肝癌细胞的生物学效应的研究进展

磁性纳米粒子,是一类智能型的纳米材料,因其特有的性质,被广泛应用于生物医学领域,在肝癌的治疗方面也有大量的实验性研究和成果。研究和探索磁性纳米粒子治疗肝癌的新方法和途径,有着很大的现实意义。本文就磁性纳米粒子作用于肝癌细胞的生物学效应的研究现状和进展进行总结整理,从三个方面进行了综述:磁性纳米粒子直接作用于肝癌细胞,探索磁性纳米粒子的生物相容性、在肝癌细胞的分布方式以及磁性纳米粒子本身对肝癌细胞的生物学效应的影响;磁性纳米粒子协同外加磁场(稳恒磁场、极低频交变磁场和高频交变磁场)作用于肝癌细胞;磁性纳米粒子外加修饰(磁性白蛋白纳米颗粒、纳米磁流体、磁性脂质体等),作为药物载体作用于肝癌细胞。     

多功能磁共振造影剂研究进展

磁共振成像技术因对人体无创、任意方向断层扫描三维图像且分辨率较高、提供形态与功能两方面诊断评价等突出优点,成为了临床上用于疾病诊断的重要手段之一。临床上使用磁共振造影剂可以提高成像的分辨率和灵敏度,提高图像质量,增强对比度和可读性。但是,各种成像技术由于实现原理不同,具有各自的优势和缺陷,靠传统单一的诊断模式无法提供疾病的全面信息,因而在对各种复杂疾病进行诊断时会受到一定的限制。因此,将磁共振成像与其他成像技术如CT成像、超声成像等联合起来使用,则可以达到优势互补的效果,能为疾病的临床诊断提供更快捷精确的信息,同时可将磁共振成像与各种治疗方式结合在一起,即开发基于磁共振成像的诊断治疗一体化试剂,以实现对疾病的即时治疗和实时监控。本文主要介绍了磁共振成像造影剂的原理和种类,并且综述了目前国内外在基于磁共振成像的多功能造影剂/诊疗制剂这一领域的研究进展,最后就未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。     

Role of the mean curvature in the geometry of magnetic confinement configurations

Examples are presented of how the geometric notion of the mean curvature is applied to the vector of a general magnetic field and to magnetic surfaces. It is shown that the mean curvature is related to the variation of the absolute value of the magnetic field along its lines. Magnetic surfaces of constant mean curvature are optimum for plasma confinement in multimirror open confinement systems and rippled tori.     

基于超声驱动磁性纳米粒子的肿瘤细胞灭杀

磁性纳米粒子肿瘤热疗技术是目前国际上肿瘤研究的热点.本文提出了一种基于超声驱动磁性纳米粒子(UDMNP)运动进行肿瘤细胞灭杀的新技术,实现磁性纳米粒子的肿瘤治疗.系统研究了肝癌肿瘤细胞HepG2的治疗效果,在一定超声频率下,改变超声功率和超声作用时间,UDMNP具有明显灭杀效果.实验结果显示,较小超声功率下,肿瘤细胞损伤较小,随着超声功率增加,UDMNP对肿瘤细胞表现出明显的灭杀作用.同时,随着作用时间增加,同一超声功率驱动下UDMNP对细胞的灭杀效果也明显提高,光学显微镜观察到细胞形态发生明显变化.本文提出的UDMNP肿瘤细胞灭杀方法的显著优势是减少了化学毒性和有害辐射,是一种物理性机械损伤技术,对促进磁性纳米粒子的临床医学应用有重要意义.     

Building bio-assays with magnetic particles on a digital microfluidic platform

Digital microfluidics (DMF) has emerged as a promising liquid handling technology for a variety of applications, demonstrating great potential both in terms of miniaturization and automation. DMF is based on the manipulation of discrete, independently controllable liquid droplets, which makes it highly reconfigurable and reprogrammable. One of its most exclusive advantages, compared to microchannel-based microfluidics, is its ability to precisely handle solid nano- and microsized objects, such as magnetic particles. Magnetic particles have become very popular in the last decade, since their high surface-to-volume ratio and the possibility to magnetically separate them from the matrix make them perfect suitable as a solid support for bio-assay development. The potential of magnetic particles in DMF-based bio-assays has been demonstrated for various applications. In this review we discuss the latest developments of magnetic particle-based DMF bio-assays with the aim to present, identify and analyze the trends in the field. We also discuss the state-of-the art of device integration, current status of commercialization and issues that still need to be addressed. With this paper we intend to stimulate researchers to exploit and unveil the potential of these exciting tools, which will shape the future of modern biochemistry, microbiology and biomedical diagnostics.