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转基因植物生产超长链多不饱和脂肪酸研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
超长链多不饱和脂肪酸（VLCPUFAs）对人类健康非常重要。日常摄入一定量的VLCPUFAs能够补充人体自身合成的不足,并对某些疾病起到明显的预防和治疗作用。VLCPUFAs主要源自深海鱼油,但由于市场需求的迅速增长和海洋可捕捞鱼类资源的日益减少,该途径已经远远不能满足市场的需要,寻找更为持续且稳定的VLCPUFAs来源已经成为当务之急。最近,人们已经克隆了VLCPUFAs生物合成相关的去饱和酶和延伸酶基因,并希望在植物特别是油料作物中共表达这些基因,使其成为生产VLCPUFAs的＂绿色细胞工厂＂。目前已有多个研究小组在进行转基因植物合成VLCPUFAs的探索,并取得了突破性的研究成果。本文综述了相关的研究进展,并对存在的问题和解决策略进行了探讨。 相似文献
2.
超长链多不饱和脂肪酸(VLCPUFAs)对人类健康非常重要。日常摄入一定量的VLCPUFAs能够补充人体自身合成的不足, 并对某些疾病起到明显的预防和治疗作用。VLCPUFAs主要源自深海鱼油, 但由于市场需求的迅速增长和海洋可捕捞鱼类资源的日益减少, 该途径已经远远不能满足市场的需要, 寻找更为持续且稳定的VLCPUFAs来源已经成为当务之急。最近, 人们已经克隆了VLCPUFAs生物合成相关的去饱和酶和延伸酶基因, 并希望在植物特别是油料作物中共表达这些基因, 使其成为生产VLCPUFAs的“绿色细胞工厂”。目前已有多个研究小组在进行转基因植物合成VLCPUFAs的探索, 并取得了突破性的研究成果。本文综述了相关的研究进展, 并对存在的问题和解决策略进行了探讨。 相似文献
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长链多不饱和脂肪酸的替代来源——转基因油料作物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)对人体健康和发育具有极为重要的作用.由于海洋鱼类资源过度捕捞和环境污染的加剧,长链多不饱和脂肪酸的来源日益枯竭.利用转基因油料作物生产LCPUFA,特别是DHA和EPA成为目前研究的热点.归纳了LCPUFA合成代谢途径相关基因的最新研究进展,描述了利用植物基因工程合成长链多不饱和脂肪酸(特别是EPA和DHA)取得的主要成果,讨论了影响转基因油料作物合成DHA和EPA的关键因素,最后对利用转基因油料作物合成DHA和EPA的研究前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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植物中多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成的基因工程 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
多不饱和脂肪酸 (ｐｏｌｙｕｎｓａｕｒａｔｅｄｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓ ,简称ＰＵＦＡ ,即含有两个或两个以上双键的长链脂肪酸[1] ) ,过去二十几年的研究 ,揭示了它在生物体内有广泛作用 ,在营养学和医学上都很重要[1～ 6] ,其生理功能和生物合成的研究得到广泛重视。1 多不饱和脂肪酸的生理功能 (1 )是生物膜的重要组成成分 ,调节与膜有关的生理过程。ＰＵＦＡ ,特别是花生四烯酸 (2 0∶4Δ5,8,11,14 ,ａｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎａｔｅ,ＡＡ)是磷脂结构功能的主要部分。磷脂在所有细胞膜中均存在 ,是细胞和生物膜的关键组份 ,它们对生物膜结… 相似文献
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植物长链非编码RNA的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lnc RNAs)是真核生物中一类长度大于200个核苷酸、无蛋白编码能力或编码能力极低的RNA转录本。lnc RNA种类和功能的多样性导致了对其进行研究的复杂性,特别是对植物中lnc RNA的认识相当有限。该文就近年来植物中已发现的lnc RNA的种类、相关转录酶、参与的生物学过程、发挥功能的分子机制以及其相关的研究策略等方面进行综述和展望,以期为深入认识植物lnc RNA提供借鉴。 相似文献
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长链二元酸是一类用途极其广泛的重要精细化工产品。综述了长链二元酸的用途、来源,国内外研究概况以及产业化现状。说明生物合成长链二元酸是中国正在崛起的新产业。 相似文献
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长链非编码RNAs（long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸、缺乏明显开放阅读框、很少或者不具有蛋白编码潜能的内源性RNA。鉴于lncRNAs低表达和低保守性的特点,早期阶段认为其是转录副产物,在生物体内不发挥生物学功能。随着对非编码RNA的深入研究,lncRNAs被认为是一种调控其他类型RNA的重要基因组分,参与发育和胁迫应答生物学过程。本文主要阐述lncRNAs的来源及分类、作用机制、lncRNAs在植物发育和胁迫应答方面的生物学功能,为lncRNAs在作物生产育种中的应用研究提供参考。 相似文献
10.
蝎长链神经毒素研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
蝎长链神经毒素由60－76个残基组成,含4对二硫键,主要作用于可兴奋细胞的Na^ 通道,这些毒素的作用方式和选择性各有不同,其中功能相似的毒素,其蛋白质及基因序列也都很相似,所有这些长链毒素的三结构地都采用相似的折叠方式,对这些毒素结构与功能研究的深入,将有利于我们对蝎毒素作用机理的了解,并有可能使其更具有生物防虫害或疾病治疗等实际意义。 相似文献
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The patterns of incorporation of [l-14 C]-acetate into the glycerolipid fatty acids of leaves of olive plants ( Olea europea L. cv. Chétoui) suggested a specific pathway for a-linolenic acid biosynthesis. The results confirmed the involvement of phosphati-dylcholine in galactolipid metabolism, and seemed to exclude the role of that mole-cule as a substrate for desaturation of oleate to linoleate. The two oleate desaturation steps seemed to occur rapidly on the diacylgalactosylglycerol molecule for biosynthesis of galactolipid linolenate. In addition, the results indicated a slow sequen-tial desaturation of oleate to linolenate via linoleate in the phospholipid molecules (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol). 相似文献
12.
Meyer A Kirsch H Domergue F Abbadi A Sperling P Bauer J Cirpus P Zank TK Moreau H Roscoe TJ Zähringer U Heinz E 《Journal of lipid research》2004,45(10):1899-1909
In algae, the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3; DHA) proceeds via the elongation of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5omega3; EPA) to 22:5omega3, which is required as a substrate for the final Delta4 desaturation. To isolate the elongase specific for this step, we searched expressed sequence tag and genomic databases from the algae Ostreococcus tauri and Thalassiosira pseudonana, from the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss, from the frog Xenopus laevis, and from the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis using as a query the elongase sequence PpPSE1 from the moss Physcomitrella patens. The open reading frames of the identified elongase candidates were expressed in yeast for functional characterization. By this, we identified two types of elongases from O. tauri and T. pseudonana: one specific for the elongation of (Delta6-)C18-PUFAs and one specific for (Delta5-)C20-PUFAs, showing highest activity with EPA. The clones isolated from O. mykiss, X. laevis, and C. intestinalis accepted both C18- and C20-PUFAs. By coexpression of the Delta6- and Delta5-elongases from T. pseudonana and O. tauri, respectively, with the Delta5- and Delta4-desaturases from two other algae we successfully implemented DHA synthesis in stearidonic acid-fed yeast. This may be considered an encouraging first step in future efforts to implement this biosynthetic sequence into transgenic oilseed crops. 相似文献
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Yonezawa T Haga S Kobayashi Y Katoh K Obara Y 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,367(4):729-735
GPR40 has recently been identified as a G protein-coupled cell-surface receptor for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). The mRNA of the bovine ortholog of GPR40 (bGPR40) was detected by RT-PCR in cloned bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) and in the bovine mammary gland at various stages of lactation. Oleate and linoleate caused an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in these cells, and significantly reduced forskolin-induced cAMP concentrations. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Akt kinase, which regulates cell proliferation and survival, was rapidly increased by oleate. Incubation with oleate and linoleate for 24 h significantly promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, in serum-free medium, oleate significantly stimulated cell proliferation during a 7-day culture. These results suggest that bGPR40 mediates LCFA signaling in mammary epithelial cells and thereby plays an important role in cell proliferation and survival. 相似文献
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Elodie Couplan Marie Le Cann Christelle Le Foll Charlotte Corporeau Marc Blondel Professor Jacques Delarue 《Biotechnology journal》2009,4(8):1190-1197
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway controls the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In many tumors, the PI3K gene is mutated or overexpressed, and/or the PI3K pathway is hyperactive. PI3K is therefore a potential pharmacological target for the development of anti-tumor drugs. Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), when given in the diet, may lead to a decrease in PI3K activity. We used a yeast-based model to reconstitute the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway to study the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids on PI3K, and found that various PUFA were able to alleviate toxicity induced by overexpression of PI3K. The various PUFA had no significant effect on the steady-state level of PI3K catalytic subunit proteins (p110α) in yeast. However, depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate due to overexpression of the p110α subunit was significantly reduced by treating the yeast cells with the various PUFA. The inhibition of mammalian PI3K, expressed in an exogenous cellular context in yeast, is likely to be a direct effect of these PUFA on PI3K rather than on other mammalian endogenous or environmental factors. These results are particularly promising given the abundance of active PUFA in marine foodstuffs and especially fish oils. 相似文献
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Michael Pellizzon Anne Buison Frank Ordiz Lardo Santa Ana K.‐L. Catherine Jen 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(9):947-955
Objective: To assess the interaction of high‐fat diets (HF) made with different dietary fatty acids and exercise on body‐weight regulation, adiposity, and metabolism. Research Methods and Procedures: Male Wistar rats born to dams fed HF diets (40% w/w) made with either fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), or palm oil (PO) were fed diets similar to their dams and divided randomly into exercise (EX, swimming) or sedentary control (SD) groups when they were 9 weeks old. EX lasted for 6 weeks. Twenty‐four hours after the last EX bout, fasted rats were killed by decapitation. Chemical analyses and body composition analysis were conducted. Results: The results demonstrated that different fatty acids had different effects on body weight, composition, and metabolism. SO‐fed rats gained the most weight and fat. EX reduced body weight of FO‐ and PO‐fed rats, but SO‐fed rats were still heavier and fatter than other rats. Data from SO‐ and PO‐fed rats suggested that they are insulin resistant and that EX normalized this abnormality. Of the three HF diets used, FO produced the least adverse effects compared with PO and SO. Discussion: Not only the quantity of dietary fat, but also the type of fat used, will produce different effects on body weight and metabolism. EX ameliorates the suggested insulin resistance induced in rats fed either highly saturated or n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as found in fish oil, are more beneficial than n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids when fed in high amounts to rats. 相似文献
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Tufarelli V Valentini L Dario M Laudadio V 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2010,4(5):763-766
The study was carried out on 42 breeder couples (42 males and 42 females) of European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), divided into three groups fed three different experimental diets (14 couples/treatment). Two diets were supplemented with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 2% of linseed oil and soybean oil, respectively) and were compared with a control diet supplemented with a monounsaturated fatty acids (2% of olive oil). During the experimental period (from 15 April to 30 September), the following parameters were recorded: days from the beginning of trial to the first parturition, parturition interval, number of parturitions, number of leverets born (alive and dead), dead during suckling, the total number of leverets weaned and feed intake per cage (of males, females and leverets until weaning). Feed intake was not influenced by treatments. In hares fed n-3 and n-6 diets, the days from the beginning of the trial to the first parturition and the parturition interval were similar and were lower compared with control group (63.1 v. 70.6 days, and 37.8 v. 40.9 days, respectively; P < 0.05). Hares from n-6 group had a higher (P < 0.05) number of parturitions per cage during the experimental period than the n-3 and control group that showed a similar value (3.00 v. 2.36, respectively). The total number of leverets born per cage and parturition in n-6 and n-3 groups increased with respect to those fed control diet (P < 0.05). The leverets' mortality rate at birth was higher in n-6 than in n-3 and control group (3.50 v. 2.17, respectively; P < 0.05). In control group, leverets' mortality rate during suckling was lower with respect to n-3 (P < 0.05) and n-6 (P < 0.05), showing the highest value for the latter (P < 0.05). In spite of this higher mortality, the number of leverets weaned per cage and parturition was higher (P < 0.05) in n-6 compared with n-3 group, being the latter higher than the control group (3.12, 2.79 and 2.43, respectively). Our results show that the dietary PUFAs, particularly n-6 supplementation, have a positive influence on the reproductive performances of the European brown hare. 相似文献
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The purpose of this work was to study plasma, adipose tissue, and liver fatty acids percentages of Wistar rats that drank
water supplemented with several levels of sodium selenite for 1, 3, and 6 mo. In a general way, percentages of saturated,
monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids of supplemented groups were not different from those obtained with nontreated
animals in the analyzed tissues. However, in rats supplemented with 0.5 ppm Se, mainly in adipose tissue, a polyunsaturated
fatty acids increase (p<0.005) was observed for all times of treatment. This could suggest that 0.5 ppm Se supplement probably exercises a protective
role on polyunsaturated fatty acids in that tissue. Supplements of 6.0, 15.0, and 54.0 ppm Se did not change unsaturation
levels of fatty acids in the analyzed tissues. 相似文献
19.
Annett RW Carson AF Fearon AM Kilpatrick DJ 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2011,5(12):1923-1937
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on performance and muscle fatty acid composition of hill lambs finished on grass-based or concentrate-based diets, and to examine the interaction with selenium (Se) status. In September 2006, 180 entire male lambs of mixed breeds were sourced from six hill farms after weaning and finished on five dietary treatments: grazed grass (GG), grass +0.4 kg/day cereal-based concentrate (GC), grass +0.4 kg/day cereal-based concentrate enriched with fish oil (GF), ad libitum cereal-based concentrate (HC) and ad libitum fish oil-enriched concentrate (HF). Within each treatment, half of the lambs were also supplemented with barium selenate by subcutaneous injection. At the start of the trial, the proportion of lambs with a marginal (<0.76 μmol/l) or deficient (<0.38 μmol/l) plasma Se status was 0.84 and 0.39, respectively. Compared with control lambs, GG lambs treated with Se had higher (P < 0.01) plasma Se levels, whereas erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was higher (P < 0.01) for Se-supplemented lambs fed diets GG and GF. However, Se supplementation had no effects on any aspect of animal performance. Fish oil increased (P < 0.05) levels of 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the Longissimus dorsi of HF lambs but otherwise had no effect on the health attributes of lamb meat. There were no significant effects of fish oil on dry matter intake, animal performance or lamb carcass characteristics. Daily carcass weight gain (CWG; P < 0.001), carcass weight (P < 0.01) and conformation score (P < 0.01) increased with increasing concentrate inputs. Lambs fed concentrate-based diets achieved a higher mean CWG (P < 0.001), dressing proportion (P < 0.001) and carcass weight (P < 0.011), and were slaughtered up to 8.3 days earlier (P < 0.05) and at 1.2 kg lower (P < 0.05) live weight than pasture-fed lambs. However, carcasses from grass-fed lambs contained lower levels of perinephric and retroperitoneal fat (P < 0.05), and had less fat over the Iliocostalis thoracis (P < 0.001) and Obliquus internus abdominis (P < 0.05). Meat from grass-fed lambs also had lower levels of 18:2n-6 and total n-6 fatty acids compared with those finished indoors. The results of this study demonstrate that fish oil supplementation has some benefits for the health attributes of meat from lambs fed concentrate-based diets but not grass-based diets. Supplementing Se-deficient lambs with barium selenate will improve Se status of lambs fed zero-concentrate diets, but has no additional benefit when lambs are already consuming their daily Se requirement from concentrates or when fish oil-enriched diets are fed. 相似文献
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R.J. Henderson M.V. Bell J.R. Sargent 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》1985,85(1):93-99
The conversion of [14C]20:4(n?6) and [14C]20:5(n?3) to prostaglandins was measured in homogenates of gills, liver and intestine of the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). Incorporation of radioactivity into prostaglandins was similar to or greater than into phospholipids, with gills being more active than liver or intestine. When measured at equimolar concentrations, 20:4(n?6) was a better precursor of prostaglandins than 20:5(n?3). Incorporation of 20:4(n?6) into prostaglandins was decreased in the presence of an equimolar concentration of 20:5(n?3), and vice versa. Incorporation of both precursors into prostaglandins was partially inhibited by aspirin and indomethacin. The results are discussed in relation to prostaglandin formation in fish and the abundance of (n?3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine lipids generally. 相似文献