单胞锈菌属一新记录种

A species of the genus Uromyces was found to be unrecorded from China.Uromyces onobrychidis (Desm.) Lév., Ann. Sc. Nat. 3. Sér. 8: 371, 1847.Spermagonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia ramicolous or amphigenous, scattered, rounded or elliptic, orange yellow, 0.3～0.5mm in diam., urediniospores ellipsoid or obovoid, 21.5～34.7 × 13.5～ 19.5μm, wall 1～ 1.7μm thich, pale yellowish, echinulate with spines spaced 2～ 2.6μm, pores 2～ 4, equatorial; telia ramicolous or amphigenous, sparsed or loosely grouped, rounded or elliptic, 0.4～0.8mm in diam., chocolate-brown, pulverulent; teliospores obovoid, ellipsoid or globose, 17.5～24.8 × 13.2～ 16.5μm, rounded at the apex, with a subhyaline papilla about 1～ 1.7μmhigh; wall 0.7～ 1.31μm thick, pale-brown, indistinctly verrucose, pedicels hyaline, short, deciduous. Supported by the National natural sciences foundation (NO. 39360069)     

马齿苋叉梗孢一中国新记录

<正>Dichotomophthora was erected by Mehrlich & Fitzpatrick in 1935. Its distinctive characteristics are regularly dichotomously branched or lobed at the apex of conidiophores and brown,     

Effect of flavonoids on in-vitro proliferation of hyphae of Glomus fistulosum

Biochanin A, luteolin, naringenin and quercetin significantly decreased the percentage of root segments bearing the intraradical proliferating hyphae of Glomus fistulosum at the concentrations up to 10 μmol dm^-3. The growth of hyphae was inhibited by biochanin A and luteolin whereas no significant effects of quercetin and naringenin were observed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of selected plant hormones on in vitro proliferation of hyphae of Glomus fistulosum

Effects of N⁶-benzyladenine, kinetin, zeatin, N⁶-benzyladenosine, kinetin riboside, zeatin riboside, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-propionic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid on proliferation of hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus fistulosum were studied under axenic conditions in vitro. The growth of intraradical hyphae of G. fistulosum was fully suppressed by 30 μM indole-3-acetic acid, but a perceptible decrease in the proliferation of the hyphae was observed already at 3 μM. Because such concentration is near the concentrations common in root tissues in vivo, the effect may be biologically significant. Similar effect was also observed for Glomus mosseae. Inhibitory effects of abscisic acid and cytokinins occurred only at very high, non-physiological concentrations. Ribosylated cytokinins showed stronger inhibition effects than their non-ribosylated counterparts. No stimulation of proliferation of hyphae by any plant hormone tested was observed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国弯孢属两个新记录种

Curvularia verruculosa Tandon & Bilgrami ex M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap.,106: 20, 1966. Fig.1 On TWA+wheat straw no aerial hyphae. Conidiophores arising solitary or 2-3 in small groups, unbranched, smooth, straight or curved, sometimes geniculate near the apex, multiseptate, up to 180祄 long, 5-6祄 thick, base cell swollen up to 10祄 wide, brown to dark brown. Conidia always 3-distoseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform, often the third cell from base much larger than others and in disproportionately…     

Drosophila protein phosphatase V regulates lipic homeostasis via the AMPK pathway

Dear Editor, Protein phosphorylation is essential for multiple cellular processes. This post- translational modification is regulated by kinase-mediated phosphorylation and phosphatase-mediated dephosphorylation. Drosophila protein phosphatase V （PpV） and Saccheromyces cerevisiae Sit4 are homologs of mammalian PP6, which belongs to the PP2A subfamily of serine/threonine phosphatases （Mann et al., 1993; Wang et al., 2012）. In addition to the catalytic subunit, PP6 holoenzyme also contains a regulatory subunit （PP6R1-, PP6R2, or PP6R3 in human; Sap4, Sap1-55, Sap1_85, or Sap190 in yeast; CG10289 in fly） and a scaffold subunit （Morales-lohansson et al., 2009）. Studies in 5. cerevisiee showed that 5it4 knockout strain had reduced lipid droplet content and increased phosphoryl- ation of SNF1- （a homolog of mammalian and Drosophila AMPK） at an evolutionally conserved activation site （BozaqueI-Morais et al., 2010; Ruiz et a[., 2011）. However, its function in metazoan has not been well explored.     

Single senescent cell sequencing reveals heterogeneity in senescent cells induced by telomere erosion

Dear Editor,Over a half-century ago,Dr.Leonard Hayflick described the phenotype of a finite lifespan for human fibroblasts being passaged in in vitro cell culture(Hayflick et al.,1961),a phenomenon today known as replicative cellular senescence.Cellular senescence has been defined as a state in which cells lose their potential to divide and are permanently arrested in either the G1,or arguably the G2 stage of the cell cycle(Mao et al.,2012).In addition to replicative cellular senescenee—which is induced by large amounts of DNA damage at telomeres due to loss of the specialized T-loop structure—xogenous sublethal stresses such as ionizing radiati on,genotoxic chemicals or hyper-activated on cogenes may also trigger a similar form of senescence,stress induced premature cellular senescenee(SIPS).     

The Challenge and promise of rare disease diagnosis in China

正Rare diseases are chronic and serious,featuring early onset at birth or in childhood,rapid deterioration and high mortality rate,which creates a burden on society and public health systems.Of the known rare diseases,80 percent are genetic in origin,and half of those affected worldwide are children.In China,the rare disease patients are over 10 million,and70 percent of the patients are children(Song et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2010).     

Cross-linked polyethylenimine as potential DNA vector for gene delivery with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity

Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been known as an efficient gene carrier with the highest cationiccharge potential.High transfection efficiency of PEI,along with its cytotoxicity,strongly depends on itsmolecular weight.To enhance its gene delivery efficiency and minimize cytotoxicity,we have synthesizedsmall cross-linked PEI with biodegradable linkages and evaluated their transfection efficiencies in vitro.Inthis study,branched PEI with a molecular weight of 800 Da was cross-linked by small diacrylate[1,4-butanediol diacrylate or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)] for 2-6 h.The efficiencies of thecross-linked PEI in in vitro transfection of plasmid DNA containing enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) reporter gene were assessed in melanoma B 16F10 cell line and other cell lines.Flow cytometrywas used to quantify the cellular entry efficiency of plasmid and the transgene expression level.Thecytotoxicities of the cross-linked PEI in these cells were evaluated by MTT assay.EGDMA-PEI 800-4h,atypical cross-linked PEI reported here,mediated a more efficient expression of reporter gene than thecommercially available 25-kDa branched PEI control,and resulted in a 9-fold increase in gene deliveryin B16F10 cells and a 16-fold increase in 293T cells,while no cytotoxicity was found at the optimizedcondition for gene delivery.Furthermore,the transfection activity of polyplexes was preserved in thepresence of serum proteins.     

Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: A concise review

Osteoarthritis(OA) refers to a chronic joint disease characterized by degenerative changes of articular cartilage and secondary bone hyperplasia. Since articular cartilage has a special structure, namely the absence of blood vessels as well as the low conversion rate of chondrocytes in the cartilage matrix, the treatment faces numerous clinical challenges. Traditional OA treatment(e.g., arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, autologous or allogeneic cartilage transplantation,chondrocyte transplantation) is primarily symptomatic treatment and pain management, which cannot contribute to regenerating degenerated cartilage or reducing joint inflammation. Also, the generated mixed fibrous cartilage tissue is not the same as natural hyaline cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have turned into the most extensively explored new therapeutic drugs in cell-based OA treatment as a result of their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and their immunomodulatory properties. In this study, the preliminary results of preclinical(OA animal model)/clinical trials regarding the effects of MSCs on cartilage repair of knee joints are briefly summarized, which lay a solid application basis for more and deeper clinical studies on cell-based OA treatment.