几种药用植物过氧化物酶同工酶的比较分析

本文研究槟榔苗株、结果树和绞股蓝各器官过氧化物酶活性变化相比差异明显,活性大小依序分别以根＞茎＞叶,茎＞根＞叶＞青果和叶片（０３４－１７２）＞蔓茎（０２９－０９７）＞叶柄（０１８－０７３）＞卷须（００４－０３６）＞根系（００２－０２６）为列;并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析槟榔、山药、菟丝子、紫苏的过氧化物酶同工酶活性变化,结果显示出图谱、酶量、区带染色的变化差异程度较大。     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤-铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了江西赣南地区非稀土矿区和处不同稀土矿区内,土壤-铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gy、Db、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究.结果表明,土壤剖面层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集.稀土元素总量(∑REE)在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土元素的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为:叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式:叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄.稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏.     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤—铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）测定了东西赣南地区非稀土矿区和4处不同稀土矿区内,土壤－铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究,结果表明,土训层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集、稀土元素总量（∑REE）在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄,稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏。     

氮高效利用基因型水稻生育后期氮素分配与转运特性

选择前期筛选出的氮高效利用基因型水稻为试验材料,以低效利用基因型为对照,采用土培试验,在低氮(100 mg·kg^-1)和正常施氮(200 mg·kg^-1)下,研究了高效和低效基因型水稻生育后期不同器官的氮素分配量、转运量和转运效率差异.结果表明: 与低效基因型水稻相比,高效基因型在低氮条件下,仍能保持较高的产量和氮素利用效率,其产量为低效基因型的1.75倍,氮肥利用率高达50.9%,而低效基因型仅为36.4%.与正常施氮相比,低氮更有利于提高氮素在高效基因型穗部的分配量,穗部积累量在扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期分别增加了34.2%、2.5%和0.5%,而低效基因型在灌浆期和成熟期却分别降低了23.5%和15.6%.不同施氮水平下,氮素在高效基因型不同器官的分配比例为扬花期:叶＞茎鞘＞根＞穗,灌浆期:穗＞叶＞茎鞘＞根,成熟期:穗＞茎鞘＞叶＞根,随着生育期的推进,穗部的分配比例明显增加.在低氮和正常施氮下,高效基因型氮素转运量表现为叶＞茎鞘＞根,而低效基因型表现为茎鞘＞叶＞根;高效基因型氮素转运效率分别为60.8%、60.3%,分别为低效基因型的1.67、155倍.因此,高效基因型抽穗后叶片较高的转运效率为籽粒的灌浆结实奠定了良好基础.     

五叶木通营养器官解剖结构与三萜皂苷的积累关系

采用显微制片技术、组织化学定位和三萜皂苷定量分析方法,对五叶木通的营养器官分别进行了三萜皂苷的组织化学定位、含量和解剖结构特征研究。结果表明：三萜皂苷在五叶木通不同营养器官中的含量不同,含量测定与组织化学定位推测的结果吻合,叶＞根＞茎;三萜皂苷在同一营养器官的不同发育时期含量不同,总的规律是：老叶＞幼茎＞幼根＞幼叶﹥老根﹥老茎。三萜皂苷在不同器官中具有明确的积累位置：根中主要是次生韧皮部和周皮;皮层和次生韧皮部是茎中三萜皂苷积累部位;叶内则以栅栏组织为主。五叶木通根中初生木质部二原型,次生木质部内导管多为单管孔,少数为管孔链,纤维含量丰富。茎中韧皮纤维丰富,在幼茎中纤维成束状罩在初生韧皮部的外方,在次生韧皮部中纤维呈带状环绕在外方。叶为异面叶。     

干旱区湿地芦苇各器官生态化学计量对土壤因子的响应

了解植物养分浓度及其化学计量对土壤因子的响应,对预测脆弱而敏感生态系统对环境变化的响应至关重要.以敦煌阳关湿地优势种芦苇(Phragmites australis)为对象,通过野外调查与实验分析,研究芦苇不同器官生态化学计量特征及其影响因素.结果 表明:芦苇各器官C、P含量为叶＞根＞茎,N含量及N∶P为叶＞茎＞根,C∶...     

闽楠容器苗各器官生物量的分配格局及水分特征研究

以1.5年生闽楠(Phoebe bournei)容器苗为研究对象,揭示其在不同高度阶段各器官的含水率及生物量的分配格局,为闽楠的培育及利用提供理论依据。研究表明：①随着高度的增加,闽楠容器苗的生物量及各器官生物量也随之增加,各器官生物量分配大小表现为根生物量＞叶生物量＞茎生物量＞枝生物量;其中茎生物量分配随着高度的增加而增加,叶生物量分配则是随着高度的增加呈现先增加后减少的变化曲线,根生物量分配随着高度增加而先减少后增加。苗高与基径,树高、基径与叶、干、根、茎（干+枝）生物量以及地上、地下和单株生物量都具有极显著相关关系;树高、基径与枝生物量相关关系不显著;②高度为20~25 cm的闽楠幼苗其茎、叶的含水率达到最大峰值50%,其变化曲线相对比较平稳,而幼苗高度处于35~45 cm时根部含水率的最大峰值是61%,变化曲线振幅相对较大;③植株根含水率与茎、叶、地上生物量积累呈显著正相关,而叶含水率则与植物各器官生物量呈显著负相关。     

青杨雌雄幼苗对主要矿质元素的吸收与分配差异

研究了一年生青杨雌雄幼苗及其不同部位对主要矿质元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg）的吸收与分配特性及其性别间差异。结果显示：青杨雌株总P、总Ca的含量均显著高于雄株,总K含量则显著低于雄株。青杨雌雄幼苗叶片N含量均显著高于根、茎N含量,P、K、Mg含量分别表现出根＞茎＞叶、叶＞根＞茎、根＞叶＞茎的趋势。青杨雄株Ca含量呈现出根＞茎＞叶的趋势,但雌株却表现出根＞叶＞茎的趋势。同时,青杨雌株根P、叶Ca的含量均显著高于雄株,根Mg含量则显著低于雄株。此外,矿质元素含量比例在雌、雄幼苗根、茎、叶中均分别表现为Ca＞K＞N＞Mg＞P,Ca＞N＞K＞P＞Mg,N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P。结果表明,尽管矿质元素的比例模式在青杨雌雄幼苗的根、茎和叶中均相似,但其含量和分配在雌雄幼苗间具有显著的性别差异。     

棘茎楤木不同器官营养成分初步研究

对棘茎楤木不同器官养分进行分析,结果表明,棘茎楤木叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量分别达60.40,15.41 g/kg,是茎皮的3.4和2.9倍,是根皮的4.5和3.0倍.叶片齐墩果酸含量最高,达179.42 mg/kg,分别是茎皮和根皮的1.6和1.7倍.棘茎楤木不同器官营养元素平均含量总体表现为K＞Mg＞ Ca ＞Mn ＞Zn＞ Fe＞Na＞ Cu.根皮中K、Ca、Fe、Cu含量较高,而茎皮中的Mg、Mn、Zn含量高于根皮和叶,Na的含量以叶片为高.     

三峡库区消落带狗牙根种群对水陆生境变化的响应

基于定位观测,研究了三峡水库消落带不同海拔区段狗牙根的种群密度、形态性状和生物量及其分配,结果表明:在3个海拔区段,狗牙根种群密度的大小为浅水位区段(海拔165 ～170 m)＞未经水淹区段(海拔＞172 m)＞深水位区段(海拔145～150m);根径和根系长度的大小为深水位区段＞浅水位区段＞未经水淹区段;种群总生物量和根、茎、叶生物量及茎生物量分配比率为浅水位区段＞未经水淹区段和深水位区段,根、叶生物量分配比率和地下/地上生物量的变化为深水位区段＞浅水位区段和未经水淹区段,浅水位区段的狗牙根种群应对水陆生境变化特有的适应策略是加速伸长生长,增加茎生物量分配;深水位区段的策略是增加分枝节间数量、分枝数量和叶生物量分配;二者共有的适应策略是加速根系生长、增加分蘖数量和地下生物量分配,为在陆地环境中的快速生长提供营养和能量储备.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.