5个太子参品系的微量元素分析研究

对江苏、山东、安徽、福建５个不同产地的太子参品系进行了镁、钙、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、硒８种微量元素的测定,并绘制了各太子参品系的微量元素图谱。研究结果表明不同品系的太子参的微量元素含量不同。各品系的微量元素图谱有明显的差异性,特别是福建柘荣品系的微量元素图谱与其他品系的微量元素图谱相比较其差异性较大,但太子参各品系的微量元素图谱也存在一定的共性。     

福建产太子参氨基酸成分分析

采用日立L8800全自动高速氨基酸分析仪,从福建柘荣产太子参中检出18种氨基酸,全氨基酸总质量分数为77.7g.kg-1,其中精氨酸(Arg)高达20.8 g.kg-1;此外,还发现太子参中含有丰富的γ-氨基丁酸,质量分数高达16.5 g.kg-1。采用RT-HPLC(柱前衍生-反相液相色谱分离)检测质量分数为20.5 mg.kg-1,验证了HPCEC(离子交换色谱分离-柱后衍生法)氨基酸自动分析结果。     

不同产区太子参氨基酸含量测定及多元统计分析

本文采用高速氨基酸自动分析仪对太子参四大种植主产区(安徽、江苏、福建、贵州)的栽培品及河南的野生品,共13个批次太子参药材的氨基酸组成和含量进行测定。结果显示氨基酸含量基本顺序为:精氨酸(Arg)>谷氨酸(Glu)>天冬氨酸(Asp)>脯氨酸(Pro),其中安徽宣城产太子参样品(S2)的16种氨基酸总含量和7种人体必需氨基酸含量最高。以上述4种主要氨基酸作为指标,探讨了不同产区太子参药材的内在品质。采用聚类分析法对氨基酸含量进行多元统计分析,表明氨基酸含量分析可体现样品产区间和产区内的差异性,可区别野生品与栽培品。这些结果为发展太子参道地药材的质量标准控制提供了依据。     

野生孩儿参块根及地上部分氨基酸含量的比较

对南京紫金山野生孩儿参(太子参)块根及地上部分(茎、叶、花、果)进行游离氨基酸含量的比较分析测定。研究结果表明太子参地上部分所含的氨基酸种类及总氨基酸含量基本上与传统药用部位块根相同。本文为研究太子参地上部分的医药保健价值及其产品开发提供科学依据     

太子参的化学成分

太子参是一味常用中药,系石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)假繁缕属植物孩儿参(Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.)的块根。用于脾虚体倦、食欲不振、病后虚弱、心悸口干。因其化学研究甚少,我们进行了比较深入的研究,从中得到10个化合物,其中棕榈酸(palmitic acid, 1)、山箭酸(behenic acid, 2)、2-吡咯甲酸(2-minaline, 3)、β—谷甾酸(β-sitosterol, 4)和蔗糖(sucrose, 5)为已知化合物,山箭酸、2—吡咯甲酸和β—谷甾醇系首次从该植物中得到,本文仅报道这5个已知化合物。     

太子参过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳,分析了6个品种太子参的过氧化物酶同工酶,并运用相似关系R-链连接法进行了模糊聚类分析划分了类群,探讨类群之间的亲缘关系,从酶学水平的表型证实了宣参老品种是原生种,其它类群有一定程度分化,但都与宣参老品种有着密切的亲缘关系。     

安徽皇甫山野生太子参生态环境分析

皇甫山弥陀寺后山、林场总部西南方向及北将军岭东南坡是太子参分布的代表地区．在以上三地共随机抽取9个样点,每隔0．5h测定其光照强度、温度、空气湿度、土壤温度、土壤湿度、土壤结构、颜色、pH值等生态因子,探讨了皇甫山野生太子参分布区生态环境,为保护和利用野生太子参的种质资源提供科学依据。     

不同种源太子参的RAPD分析

应用RAPD标记方法分析了15个太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.〕种源间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。10条随机引物共扩增出65条带,其中多态性条带37条,多态性条带百分率达56.9%。用聚类分析方法可将15个太子参种源分为4类;地理分布越近,太子参种源间的遗传差异越小。来源于安徽宣城的太子参种源遗传变异明显,辽宁凤城的野生太子参与山东地区的太子参栽培种源间的亲缘关系较近,与江苏各地太子参种源的亲缘关系则较远,这些种源均可作为育种材料。自然环境,尤其是生态环境的变化,对太子参的遗传变异有一定的影响。     

鳗鱼饲料的氨基酸分析比较

<正> 鳗鱼是我国重要的出口创汇产品。在我国沿海一带已大量的人工养殖。鳗鱼的生长与发育直接与鳗鱼的饲料有关。我国目前常用的鳗鱼饲料为白仔、黑仔、颗粒状的鳗鱼配合饲料,这三种饲料一般由鱼粉、豆饼、维生素、矿物质及阿尔法淀粉作粘合剂混合配制而成。测定这三种鳗鱼配合饲料的氨基酸种类及成分含量,对于选择高蛋白质的合适鳗鱼饲料有一定的参考意义。     

太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B含量HPCE测定及其指纹图谱研究

建立了测定太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B含量的高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)分析方法,对10种不同产地太子参中环肽Pseudostellarin B的含量进行了测定。HPCE工作条件:采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(内径75μm,有效长度50cm),分离电压为15kV,柱温20℃,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测波长为203nm,缓冲液为20mmol/L硼砂(pH=9.3)溶液。在选定的工作条件下,环肽Pseudostellarin B浓度与其响应信号值之间具有较好的线性相关性(Y=0.6357X 2.546,R=0.9985),加标回收率在93.8%~105.6%之间。在此基础上进行了太子参HPCE指纹图谱研究,采用中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件对不同太子参样品的HPCE指纹图谱进行相似度计算,以系统生成的对照指纹图谱为对照模板,10份样品中有8份的相似度在0.90以上,说明该方法可用于太子参质量控制。     

太子参商品药材及其四倍体植株块根的高效液相指纹图谱

对不同产地太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax〕商品药材及其四倍体植株的块根进行了高效液相指纹图谱分析。结果表明,10个批次的不同产地太子参商品药材与经选育获得的6个株系太子参同源四倍体植株块根的HPLC-UV指纹图谱相似度较高,均在0.9以上。选取15个特征峰并大致判断其峰位和比例关系,构成太子参特有的HPLC色谱指纹图谱,为太子参药材鉴别、品质评价及优良品种的选育提供可靠依据。     

南京老山地区孩儿参（太子参）居群变异体的形态学与生态学特征研究

孩儿参Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔｅｌａｒｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌａ（Ｍｉｑ．）Ｐａｘ的块根系常用中药太子参。本文报道了野生于南京老山地区的孩儿参其植物形态特征与我国其他地区所产孩儿参差异较大,有些差异已超过了《中国植物志》等重要文献属种记载范围。对老山孩儿参居群变异体进行了形态特征描述,统计了其变异率,并提供了该居群的一些生境资料。本文不仅对研究我国太子参药用资源品系有重要的实用价值,而且对研究植物居群分化和该属种的演化与分类提供科学依据。     

太子参脱病毒技术研究

采用茎尖分生组织法、热处理结合茎尖法、病毒唑处理结合茎尖法对6个不同产地的太子参[Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.]组培苗进行了脱病毒研究. 经生物检测、 ELISA法和电镜检测表明, 热处理结合茎尖法脱病毒效果最好,脱毒率高达 100%;病毒唑处理结合茎尖法和茎尖分生组织法脱毒率分别为 79.64%和74.29%.不同产地太子参的脱病毒效果不同.根据实验结果提出了太子参的脱病毒繁育程序,其中复壮培养基中PP333的最适浓度为0.5～1.0 mg·L-1,最适生根培养基为1/2 MS 0.3 mg·L-1 NAA.     

太子参快繁技术的优化及同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定

以太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(M iq.)Pax〕二倍体组培苗为实验材料,运用正交实验设计和组织培养方法,对太子参试管苗快速繁殖技术进行优化,并进行了同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定。结果表明,太子参最佳的繁殖培养基为含1.0 mg.L-16-BA和0.2 mg.L-1NAA的MS培养基;最佳生根培养基为含0.1 mg.L-1IAA、0.2mg.L-1NAA和1.0 mg.L-1ABT或0.2 mg.L-1IAA、0.2 mg.L-1NAA和1.0 mg.L-1ABT的1/2MS培养基。诱导同源四倍体的最佳处理方法为:用0.2%秋水仙素处理22 h或用0.3%秋水仙素处理12 h,所诱导的同源泉四倍体染色体数目为2n=4x=64条。     

A Detailed Study of the Amino Acids Produced from the Vacuum UV Irradiation of Interstellar Ice Analogs

We present a detailed analysis of the variety, quantity and distribution of the amino acids detected in organic residues after acid hydrolysis. Such organic residues are produced in the laboratory after the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation of several astrophysically relevant ice mixtures containing H(2)O, CO, CO(2), CH(3)OH, CH(4) and NH(3) at low temperature (10-80 K), and subsequent warm-up to room temperature. We explore five experimental parameters: the irradiation time, the temperature, the ice mixture composition, the photon dose per molecule and the substrate for the ice deposition. The amino acids were detected and identified by ex-situ liquid chromatography analysis of the organic residues formed after warming the photolysed ices up to room temperature. This study shows that in all experiments amino acids are formed. Their total quantities and distribution depend slightly on the experimental parameters explored in the present work, the important requirement to form such molecules being that the starting ice mixtures must contain the four elements C, H, O and N. We also discuss the effects of the chemical treatment needed to detect and identify the amino acids in the organic residues. Finally, these results are compared with meteoritic amino acid data from the carbonaceous chondrite Murchison, and the formation processes of such compounds under astrophysical conditions are discussed.     

Differential Contribution of Insulin and Amino Acids to the mTORC1-Autophagy Pathway in the Liver and Muscle

Autophagy is a highly inducible intracellular degradation process. It is generally induced by nutrient starvation and suppressed by food intake. Mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is considered to be the major regulator of autophagy, but the precise mechanism of in vivo regulation remains to be fully characterized. Here, we examined the autophagy-suppressive effect of glucose, insulin, and amino acids in the liver and muscle in mice starved for 1 day. Refeeding after starvation with a standard mouse chow rapidly suppressed autophagy in both tissues, and this suppression was inhibited by rapamycin administration almost completely in the liver and partially in muscle, confirming that mTORC1 is indeed a crucial regulator in vivo. As glucose administration showed no major suppressive effect on autophagy, we examined the role of insulin and amino acids using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and intravenous amino acid infusion techniques. Insulin administration showed a clear effect on the mTORC1-autophagy pathway in muscle, but had only a very weak effect in the liver. By contrast, amino acids were able to regulate the mTORC1-autophagy pathway in the liver, but less effectively in muscle. These results suggest that autophagy is differentially regulated by insulin and amino acids in a tissue-dependent manner.     

A Comparative QSAR Study on Carbonic Anhydrase and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition by Sulfonylated Amino Acid Hydroxamates

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study is made on the inhibition of a few isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), both zinc containing families of enzymes, by sulfonylated amino acid hydroxamates. For both enzymes, the inhibition potency of the hydroxamates is found to be well correlated with Kier's first-order valence molecular connectivity index ¹χ^v of the molecule and electrotopological state indices of some atoms. From the results, it is suggested that while hydroxamate-CA binding may involve mostly polar interactions, hydroxamate-MMP and hydroxamate-ChC (ChC: Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, another zinc enzyme related to MMPs) bindings may involve some hydrophobic interactions. Both MMPs and ChC also possess some electronic sites of exactly opposite nature to the corresponding sites in CAs. A group such as C 6 F 5 present in the sulfonyl moiety is shown to be advantageous in both CA and MMP (also ChC) inhibitions, which is supposed to be due to the interaction of this group with Zn 2+ ion present in the catalytic site of both families of enzymes.