金属烤瓷修复体对牙龈组织影响的临床初步分析与研究

目的研究比较镍铬合金、钛合金、金合金为内冠的金属烤瓷修复体引起牙龈炎症的情况。方法对于上前牙分别用镍铬合金、钛合金、金合金为内冠各50例进行金属烤瓷修复,观察修复后有无牙龈充血、水肿、增生、退缩、牙周袋、颈缘色素沉着情况(颈缘黑线)。结果镍铬合金为内冠的金属烤瓷冠修复后有20例引起牙龈炎或出现龈缘色素沉着。钛合金为内冠的烤瓷冠修复后有3例出现牙龈炎或出现色素沉着。金合金为内冠的金属烤瓷冠修复后只有1例引起牙龈炎。结论金合金为内冠的金属烤瓷冠修复体对牙龈组织无不良影响,镍铬合金烤瓷冠修复体易引起牙龈炎及牙颈缘黑色,钛合金烤瓷修复体不易引起牙龈炎,但也可以起牙颈缘黑线。     

质粒消除对冠菌素产生菌T1828生物学效应的影响

采用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和提高生长温度结合法消除T1828菌株质粒后,筛选到无质粒突变株ZWL-15。以原始亲株T1828和无质粒突变株ZWL-15为出发菌株,考察了两者部分生物学特性。结果表明,菌株ZWL．15生长速率快于T1828,进入对数期和稳定期的时间分别提前1h和4h。在菌株ZWL-15发酵过程中添加0．01％的SDS有利于冠菌素的合成,最适发酵温度比T1828升高5℃,达到35℃,发酵周期提前4h,COR相对值是T1828的两倍左右。ZWL-15传代实验表明该突变株很稳定,且对氨苄青霉素敏感,氨苄青霉素基因初步定位于该菌属质粒上。     

玉米冠层内不同层次对光能利用的差异性

将玉米冠层分为上、中、下3个层次,分析其不同层次对光能利用的规律.结果表明:整个冠层吸收的光合有效辐射(RAR)占总入射的87.7%,其冠层的中、上层吸收比例达到75%;冠层不同层次在可见光范围内的吸收率是上层＞中层＞下层;上、中、下3层叶温日变化规律一致,不同层次的差异主要是与冠层内的小气候有关;非光化学猝灭系数(qN)与叶温、光化学猝灭系数(qp)与光合速率(Pn)的变化趋势一致;用于光化学反应的能量与用于热能转化的能量呈此消彼长的趋势.     

瓷材料对金瓷冠抗折强度的影响

在口腔修复领域中,金瓷冠因具有金属全冠的强度和瓷全冠的美观,成为临床上修复牙体、牙列缺损的理想方法.然而临床上常发生金属烤瓷冠瓷折裂现象,从而影响修复效果,因此关于影响金瓷冠抗折强度因素的问题,国内外学进行了大量研究,其中对金属影响金瓷冠抗折强度的研究较多,而对高温瓷粉与低温瓷粉抗折强度的对比报导较少。     

不同肥料处理对豫麦49小麦冠层结构与产量性状的影响

为探讨不同肥料处理对小麦冠层结构和产量性状的影响,采用随机区组试验设计和大田切片法,研究了豫麦49小麦品种在单施尿素、鸡粪和鸡粪与尿素配施等条件下小麦冠层结构特征、产量构成因素的变化,结果表明:施用鸡粪有利于增加旗叶的叶绿素含量(SPAD),提高群体光合有效辐射(PAR),增大小麦群体的平均叶倾角(MLA),降低群体的冠层开度(DIFN),提高小麦群体的叶面积指数(LAI)和籽粒产量.综合考虑小麦产量、经济系数等因素,3种肥料处理以鸡粪与尿素配施为最佳,配施处理的小麦冠层结构适宜、株型最佳、群体光分布合理.     

施氮对不同品种夏玉米冠层叶片气孔特性的影响

盆栽条件下研究不同施氮水平[0、0.15和0.30 g(N).kg-1(土)]对不同株型夏玉米冠层叶片气孔特性影响的结果表明,施氮后叶片气孔密度显著下降,但增加施氮量的气孔密度有所增大;与不施氮的相比,施氮的气孔长度、宽度和面积均下降.不同株型品种的气孔密度、气孔的长度、宽度和面积均以紧凑型'陕单902'显著高于其他株型品种.不同施氮水平下不同叶层叶的气孔密度均表现为上层大于中下层,而气孔的长度、宽度和面积的差异缺乏规律性.     

不同孔径CPC材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响

目的：评价不同大小孔径的磷酸钙骨水泥（Calcium phosphate cement,CPC）材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）增殖能力的影响。方法：用盐析法制备三种不同孔径的（200-300μm、300-450μm、450-600μm）CPC材料,利用Micro-CT测量三种材料的平均孔径、孔隙率。无菌条件下取新生大鼠BMSCs原代培养并传代;将三组材料分别放置于24孔板内,每个材料接种5×104个细胞后,37℃、饱和湿度环境下静置培养。于接种后第1、4、7、14、21天用picogreen试剂盒测定细胞增值率;并在第14天、21天戊二醛固定材料并干燥喷金,扫描电镜观察材料表面细胞生长情况。结果：micro-CT测量结果显示：三种CPC材料孔径间相互连通,孔隙率均大于68%,平均孔径分别为235μm、422μm、505μm。细胞在三组材料上均呈对数增长趋势,在第14天到达平台期,在第1天三组细胞数量无明显差异,第4天450-600μm组细胞数量明显高于其余两组（P〈0.05）,在第7天细胞数量随孔径的增加而增加,3组间均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,第14天和第21天200-300μm组细胞数量明显少于其余两组（P〈0.05）,300-450μm组和450-600μm组间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：孔径大小可影响大鼠BMSCs在多孔CPC材料上的增殖能力,随着孔径增大,细胞增殖力增高。本研究为进一步研究孔径结构对细胞的影响提供了实验依据。     

不同孔径CPC 材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响

目的:评价不同大小孔径的磷酸钙骨水泥(Calcium phosphate cement,CPC)材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)增殖能力的影响。方法:用盐析法制备三种不同孔径的(200-300μm、300-450μm、450-600μm)CPC材料,利用Micro-CT测量三种材料的平均孔径、孔隙率。无菌条件下取新生大鼠BMSCs原代培养并传代;将三组材料分别放置于24孔板内,每个材料接种5×104个细胞后,37℃、饱和湿度环境下静置培养。于接种后第1、4、7、14、21天用picogreen试剂盒测定细胞增值率;并在第14天、21天戊二醛固定材料并干燥喷金,扫描电镜观察材料表面细胞生长情况。结果:micro-CT测量结果显示:三种CPC材料孔径间相互连通,孔隙率均大于68%,平均孔径分别为235μm、422μm、505μm。细胞在三组材料上均呈对数增长趋势,在第14天到达平台期,在第1天三组细胞数量无明显差异,第4天450-600μm组细胞数量明显高于其余两组(P<0.05),在第7天细胞数量随孔径的增加而增加,3组间均有统计学差异(P<0.05),第14天和第21天200-300μm组细胞数量明显少于其余两组(P<0.05),300-450μm组和450-600μm组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:孔径大小可影响大鼠BMSCs在多孔CPC材料上的增殖能力,随着孔径增大,细胞增殖力增高。本研究为进一步研究孔径结构对细胞的影响提供了实验依据。     

不同治疗方法对中青年残根残冠患者咀嚼功能及舒适度的影响

摘要 目的：对比不同治疗方法对中青年残根残冠患者咀嚼功能及舒适度的影响。方法：2018年8月到2020年7月选择在本院进行前牙美容修复的中青年残根残冠患者82例,根据随机信封抽签原则将患者分为观察组40例与对照组42例。对照组给予牙冠延长术治疗,观察组给予纤维桩加全瓷冠修复治疗,记录与随访患者预后情况。结果：两组修复后3个月的舌向集中??侧向??与前伸??最大应力值小于解剖??（P<0.05）,解剖??的正中??少于侧向??与前伸??（P<0.05）,组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组修复后3个月的咬合接触时间多于对照组（P<0.05）,左右侧??力百分比、??力中心距离少于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组修复后3个月的成功率为97.5 %,高于对照组的85.7吧%（P<0.05）。观察组修复后3个月的外观效果与舒适水平评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。随访12个月,观察组的牙龈萎缩、感染、松动等并发症发生率为2.5 %,低于对照组的19.0 %（P<0.05）。结论：相对于牙冠延长术,纤维桩加全瓷冠在前牙残根残冠修复中的应用能提高患者的咀嚼功能与舒适度,并不会影响光弹性状况,从而提高修复效果,减少随访并发症的发生。     

不同气象数据空间内插对区域玉米生长模拟结果的影响

作物模型区域模拟已成为作物模型应用的一个新方向。运用作物模型进行区域研究时,遇到的问题之一就是输入模型的空间数据质量问题,研究不同空间内插法获得的气象数据对作物模型区域模拟结果的影响,可以为区域模拟对输入数据的敏感性研究提供一定的参考。利用区域校准的CERES-Maize模型,将3类内插方法(几何内插、统计内插、动力模型内插)产生的网格化天气数据分别输入到CERES-Maize模型中,模拟了50km×50km网格水平下1961—1990年我国玉米生产状况,并选取1980—1990年模拟的平均产量与同期农调队调查产量进行比较,以了解区域模拟中,不同空间内插方法所得的逐日气象数据对区域模拟结果的影响。结果表明:(1)作物模型区域应用时,所采用的3种内插方法都能满足作物模型区域模拟对网格化天气数据的要求,采用3种天气数据的区域模拟结果都能反映出玉米平均产量的空间变化特征,与网格调查平均产量之间具有极显著的相关关系,但采用不同内插天气数据对模拟结果造成了8%以内的偏差。(2)采用不同内插天气数据,在进行作物区域模拟时,各方法的模拟结果之间呈极显著的相关关系,但这些模拟结果之间,在全国大部分地区是差异显著。     

小麦区域试验边际效应的研究

对小麦品种试验小区各行实际产量与行的对应关系进行曲线拟合,获得评估小区边际效应的模拟曲线方程,根据方程对整个小区的边际效应进行评估。结果表明,小麦区域试验边际效应在实际产量中所占的份额为7．41%—27．08%,平均为14．95％,这远远大于审定一个新品种的要求(比对照产量增产5％)。所以边际效应的存在将直接影响各个材料产量的高低及名次的排列,影响到材料的审定及在生产上的利用价值。     

带距对小麦蛋白质产量的影响及边际效应分析

以冬小麦品种豫麦 34为材料 ,在不同带距条件下对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量以及三者相互关系进行了研究。结果表明 :带距对蛋白质产量和籽粒产量有显著的影响 ,对籽粒蛋白质含量影响不明显 ;蛋白质产量与籽粒产量呈现极显著正相关 ,与籽粒蛋白质含量关系不密切 ;蛋白质产量与籽粒产量之间存在着直线回归关系 ,二者的模拟方程为 :Y =10 6 80 9+0 10 7X(kg·hm-2 ) ;2 0m带距条件下小麦籽粒产量最高 ;2 4米带距条件下 ,小麦边行优势总值最大 ,与其它作物套作 ,效益较好。     

The determination of the carbonic anhydrases activators in vitro effect of mixed donor crown ethers

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important function in various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, many researchers work in this field in order to design and synthesize new drugs. Both inhibitors and activators of CAs, which are associated with the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, are very important. The emergence of the use of CA activators in the treatment of Alzheimer has led many scholars to work on this issue. In this study, CA activators and inhibitors are determined. The crown ethers compounds ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , and 9 ) were found to cause activation on enzyme activities of hCA I and II. The AC₅₀ values on hCA I and II of the compounds are in the range of 4.6565–374.979 μM. The 4 (IC₅₀; 1.301 and 3.215 μM for hCA I and II) and 5 (IC₅₀; 73.96 and 378.5 μM for hCA I and II) compounds were found to cause inhibition on enzyme activities of hCA I and II.     

几种不同基质对阿萨希毛孢子菌形成生物膜影响的初步观察

目的观察不同基质对阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜形成能力的影响。方法在聚芳脂、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯上构建阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜,在生物膜形成过程中采用XTT法对其活性进行定量分析,倒置显微镜和扫描电镜下观察不同基质上阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜形态特征。结果 3种基质上均能形成阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜,且形成广泛的的生物膜。比较成熟期不同基质上形成生物膜的活性有差别(F=14.743,P0.01),活性由高到低为聚芳脂=聚氯乙烯聚苯乙烯。倒置显微镜和扫描电镜下观察发现聚芳脂、聚氯乙烯形成的生物膜可见孢子、菌丝、假菌丝结构,聚苯乙烯上形成以孢子为主要结构的微生物群落。结论阿萨希毛孢子菌可在聚芳脂、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯上形成生物膜,但形成生物膜的能力不同。聚芳脂、聚氯乙烯比聚苯乙烯更易于真菌的黏附;且以菌丝、假菌丝为主要结构的微生物群落活力比单纯孢子的活力强。     

The effect of prenatal factors on crown dimensions

As shown in 870 white participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), maternal health status during pregnancy and birth size are systematically related to mesiodistal and buccolingual crown dimensions of I1, I2, dc, dm1, dm2 and M1. Maternal diabetes, maternal hypothyroidism and large size at birth are associated with larger maxillary and mandibular teeth in white children. Conversely, deciduous and permanent crown diameters are diminished in maternal hypertension, and in low birthweight and small birth-length conditions. These findings suggest that maternal and fetal (or gestational) determinants of both deciduous and permanent tooth crown dimensions may account for as much as half of crown-size variability with major implications to population comparisons and historical odontometric differences and trends.     

黄龙山林区不同郁闭度对辽东栎种群结构的影响

辽东栎是黄龙山林区主要的建群种,通过典型取样选择16块样地,对其年龄结构、静态生命表、存活曲线、高度级结构、冠幅结构的绘制,研究其在不同郁闭度(0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9)不同坡向(阴坡、阳坡)生境中变化规律。结果表明:辽东栎幼苗数量在郁闭度0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9样地中,分别占全部个体数量的57%、64%、36%、47%,从年龄结构、静态生命表、存活曲线均表明辽东栎幼苗在4个不同郁闭度中比例都是最大的,大树比例次之,幼树小树比例最少,幼树小树是辽东栎更新瓶颈阶段,辽东栎种群存活曲线均属于R.PearlⅢ型,在郁闭度0.7波动最小;从辽东栎种群的年龄结构、静态生命表、存活曲线、高度级结构、冠幅结构等指标综合表现中可以看出辽东栎种群在郁闭度0.7生境优于郁闭度0.6、0.8、0.9生境;辽东栎在阳坡的幼苗、幼树、小树、比例高于阴坡,而大树比例低于阴坡;除高度级a外,阳坡多集中在c、d、e高度级,阴坡高度级多集中在d、e、f;在阳坡冠幅级10以下均有分布,在阴坡冠幅多集中在冠幅级7以下;无论在阳坡还是阴坡,郁闭度0.7更适合辽东栎更新生长,可以作为西北地区抚育间伐的理想条件。     

The effect of tree height on crown level stomatal conductance

Variation in stomatal conductance is typically explained in relation to environmental conditions. However, tree height may also contribute to the variability in mean stomatal conductance. Mean canopy stomatal conductance of individual tree crowns (G_Si) was estimated using sap flux measurements in Fagus sylvatica L., and the hypothesis that G_Si decreases with tree height was tested. Over 13 d of the growing season during which soil moisture was not limiting, G_Si decreased linearly with the natural logarithm of vapour pressure deficit (D), and increased exponentially to saturation with photosynthetic photon flux density (Q_o). Under conditions of D = 1 kPa and saturating Q_o, G_Si decreased by approximately 60% with 30 m increase in tree height. Over the same range in height, sapwood‐to‐leaf area ratio (A_S:A_L) doubled. A simple hydraulic model explained the variation in G_Si based on an inverse relationship with height, and a linear relationship with A_S:A_L. Thus, in F. sylvatica, adjustments in A_S:A_L partially compensate for the negative effect of increased flow‐path length on leaf conductance. Furthermore, because stomata with low conductance are less sensitive to D, gas exchange of tall trees is reduced less by high D. Despite these compensations, decreasing hydraulic conductance with tree height in F. sylvatica reduces carbon uptake through a corresponding decrease in stomatal conductance.     

The effect of chemical and biological treatment on root and crown rot disease caused by Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Lafferty in Gerbera

Phytophthora root and crown rot (Phytophthora cryptogea) on gerbera is difficult to manage because most gerbera cultivars are susceptible to P. cryptogea. This study was conducted in order to determine the in vivo (pot experiment) efficacy of some fungicides and biofungicides. In pot experiments, fungicides were applied 7 days after inoculation with P. cryptogea, while biofungicide was applied 7 days before inoculation. In this study, soil drenches of five fungicides were tested. “Ametoctradin+dimethomorph (100 ml/day),” “mandipropamid+difenoconazole (60 ml/day),” “propamocarb+fosetyl‐Al (200 ml/day),” “mancozeb+metalaxyl‐M (250 g/day)” and “azoxystrobin+difenoconazole (100 ml/day)” active substances were used. Similarly, one biofungicide Bacillus amyloliquefaciens syn. MBI 600 (50 g/100 L) was applied by soil drenching. Efficacy of treatments was assessed according to the percentage of the root system which was visibly rotten at the end of the experiment. Root and crown rot severity was rated on a scale of 0 = 0% root system necrotic, 1 = 1%‐25% necrotic, 2 = 26%‐50% necrotic, 3 = 51%‐75% necrotic and 4 = 76%‐100% necrotic from 12 to 21 days. In this experiment, “azoxystrobin 200 g/L + difenoconazole 125 g/L” exhibited the highest efficacy against P. cryptogea with a ratio of 43.75%. The other fungicides and biofungicides ametoctradin 300 g/L + dimethomorph 225 g/L, mandipropamid 250 g/L + difenoconazole 250 g/L, propamocarb 530 g/L + fosety‐Al 310 g/L, mancozeb 64%+metalaxyl‐M 4% and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens syn. MBI 600 11% were ineffective. Importance should be given to management strategies of P. cryptogea of and more experiments should be carried out for a better understanding of the use of registered fungicides and biofungicides.     

The importance of marginal population hotspots of cold‐adapted species for research on climate change and conservation

Areas hosting hotspots of low‐latitude marginal populations of cold‐adapted plant species could be key areas for understanding geographical attributes that result in refugia during climatic shifts as well as the conservation of genetic diversity in the face of climate change. Low‐latitude populations of cold‐adapted plants are important because they may harbour the combination of alleles that foster persistence in a warmer climate. Consequently, identification of areas where arctic‐alpine, circumpolar and circumboreal species reach the low‐latitude ends of their distribution will present a unique opportunity to uncover processes that shaped current biogeographical patterns, as well as prepare for future scenarios. Here, we identify 35 main marginal population hotspots (19 and 16 areas in North America and Europe, respectively) of 183 plant taxa. These hotspots represent areas where southern marginal populations of cold‐adapted species co‐occur. The identification of hotspots was based on geographic overlap of southernmost locations of the target species, in a 50 × 50 km grid. With a threshold of two species in a single grid cell or in two contiguous cells, the analysis revealed that hotspots are in most cases located in the southern portion of major mountain chains. However, hotspots also occur in lowland areas at high latitudes (Fennoscandia, Alaska, Hudson Bay) which do not necessarily correspond to known cold‐ or warm‐stage refugia (e.g. Alps). Rockies and Sierra Nevada both in California and Spain, Apennines, and the southern Scandes, maintain their hotspot status even with more stringent cut‐off thresholds (>3 and >5 species per cell group). From a conservation point of view, our analysis reveals that only a small portion of the hotspots are currently included within protected areas. We discuss the importance of marginal population hotspots to future research on climate change and, finally, outline how conservation strategies can capitalize on the knowledge gained from studying climate change effects on cold‐adapted plants.