纤维蛋白胶-抗肿瘤药物缓释系统的临床应用进展

纤维蛋白胶作为药物缓释载体的研究已经引起各国研究人员的注意,其中纤维蛋白胶—抗肿瘤药物缓释系统的研究取得了较好的效果,倍受瞩目。本文对纤维蛋白胶—抗肿瘤药物缓释系统的临床应用进展进行了总结。     

C 阿霉素一纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统对S ,80 荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤实验研究

目的：探讨阿霉素-纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统对S180荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。方法：建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,将30只模型小鼠分为四组：A组10只,阿霉素以2／剂量局部注入肿瘤内部。B组10只,瘤内注入阿霉素．纤维蛋白胶缓释系统0．2ml（含阿霉素2／）。C组10只。瘤块内注入纤维蛋白胶0．2ml。D组10只,空白对照组。给药后每3天测量记录一次肿瘤大小,观辑各组平均肿瘤体积缩小情况。结果：A、B、C、D四组的肿瘤缩小比率分别为50％、100％、20％、10％,肿瘤抑制率分别为36．85％、77．42％、6．00％、6．52％,与空白对照D组相比。A、B组对S180肉瘤抑制作用明显（P〈0．01）,而B组的抑瘤作用明显强于A组（P〈0．05）．C组与D组无明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：阿霉素-纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统以及阿霉素均能够有效的抑制S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长。前者的抑瘤作用更为明显,可能是一种安全可靠的新化疗方式．     

壳聚糖基温敏水凝胶的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种由甲壳素脱乙酰化得到的氨基多糖,具有生物相容性、低细胞毒性和可生物降解性等特点。壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠溶液温敏水凝胶在组织工程、药物缓释等领域多有报道,其成胶性能取决于凝胶的组分和浓度。针对单纯壳聚糖水凝胶强度较低、降解较快、药物突释等缺陷,通常对壳聚糖进行改性或引入新材料共混,获得更符合实际需要的壳聚糖基温敏水凝胶。对近年来壳聚糖基水凝胶的研究进展进行综述,包括改性壳聚糖、共混体系等,概述了其在组织工程(软骨、血管、神经修复)、药物缓释(癌症药物缓释、糖尿病治疗)领域中研究和应用的新进展,以期为后续温敏水凝胶的进一步研究提供参考。     

5-FU壳聚糖-阿拉伯胶缓释微囊的制备工艺研究

研究以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为基质材料,制备5-FU缓释微囊.以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,利用复凝聚法,通过L_9(3~4)正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件.以最佳制备工艺条件制备的5-FU缓释微囊,所制微囊形态及稳定性较好.体外释放研究表明,微囊有良好的缓释效果.     

壳聚糖在眼科疾病治疗中的应用

壳聚糖,是一种生物学性优良的多糖类化合物,具有无毒性、生物降解性、组织相容性、理化性质稳定等特性。本文就壳聚糖作为人工泪液、医用粘弹剂、药物缓释系统载体、抗纤维增生药物等的应用进行简要的介绍。     

医学生物材料——纤维蛋白胶产业化

一、产品发展简史 纤维蛋白胶,英文名： Fibrin Sealant or Fibrin Glue（Human）for Surgery Lyophilized（简写FS 或 FG）．是一种医学生物黏合剂．在国外已经被许多外科医生长期地、大量地使用在临床上。FS是一种广谱、多功能的外科辅材,用于止血、黏合组织和携带药物,特别适于处理难度大的创伤。     

可原位注射的十二羟基硬脂酸水凝胶制备及药物控释性能

超分子水凝胶能被吸收、易降解,使得它在生物医学领域有广泛的应用前景。本研究选择十二羟基硬脂酸(HSA)作为小分子凝胶因子,详细研究了十二羟基硬脂酸的聚乙二醇200 (PEG200)溶液对水的胶凝能力,利用流变、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术表征了凝胶的力学性能及组装形貌。结果表明,十二羟基硬脂酸在凝胶中组装形成了纤维状聚集体且凝胶拥有很好的机械性能,药物缓释实验结果确认该凝胶对药物具有良好的缓释性能。小鼠皮下注射实验表明注射十二羟基硬脂酸的聚乙二醇200溶液可以在小鼠体内形成稳定原位凝胶,且小剂量HAS-PEG200凝胶对小鼠正常生长几乎没有影响,表明该水凝胶体系可用于原位缓释给药。     

生物缓释膜的研制及在青光眼治疗中的应用研究

目的:研制手术治疗青光眼用的生物缓释膜。方法:以曲安奈德(TA)作为模型药物,壳聚糖与明胶作为载体,溶剂挥发法成膜;用红外光谱,X-射线衍射、扫描电镜分析其结构与组成。植入兔眼巩膜辩下,观察其治疗效果。结果:生物缓释膜中TA与载体材料相容性好,药物以微晶形态存在膜中,活性完好。植入实验结果显示,缓释膜与眼组织生物相容性好,膜中持续缓慢释放的药物能有效抑制纤维增生和滤过泡瘢痕化。术后8周,结膜及巩膜瓣下房水减压房完好,能有效维持滤过,且降眼压效果明显。结论:青光眼手术中采用生物缓释膜给药,疗效优于传统给药方式,是一种安全有效的治疗青光眼的新方法。     

Genentech公司的血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂

组织血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂（Tissue Plasminogcn Aetivator,TPA）是一类纤维蛋白溶解酶,作为药物主要治疗血栓、血管梗塞一类的病。 各种血栓症是造成死亡的一大原因,据西方报导,要占到西半球死亡人数的半数以上。因之,寻找分解血栓块的药物制剂,一直是医药工业的一大课题。     

兔BMSCs复合纤维蛋白胶在体外分化为角膜基质细胞的研究

目的：探讨体外诱导兔骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）分化为角膜基质细胞的可行性,并观察纤维蛋白胶（FG）作为细胞支架材料的效果。方法：密度梯度法获得BMSCs,体外诱导实验将细胞分为三组：对照组用普通培养皿、BMSCs培养条件并不加角膜基质细胞共培养的条件下培养;非FG共培养组使用普通培养皿并与角膜基质细胞共培养诱导BMSCs分化;FG共培养组使用铺有FG的培养皿并与角膜基质细胞共培养诱导BMSCs分化。培养1w及2w后用WestenBlot法检测三组细胞Keratocan的表达,在相差显微镜下进行形态学观察。结果：原代培养的BMSCs表现出成体干细胞潜能,CD29染色阳性,符合骨髓基质干细胞的特征。诱导培养2周后对照组BMSCs融合成单层、呈条索状生长;非FG共培养组部分细胞体积变小、多突起,局部呈梭形生长;FG共培养组细胞生长状态良好,部分细胞呈梭形或纺锤形,与FG生物相容性好。Westen检测结果：BMSCs细胞在纤维蛋白胶或普通培养皿上特定培养条件下均能诱导表达角膜基质细胞的特异性蛋白Keratocan。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞在条件培养基下可分化为角膜基质细胞,有望作为治疗角膜疾病及角膜组织工程的备选材料,纤维蛋白胶组织相容性好,可为组织工程提供移植细胞片。     

The effect of fibrin glue on skin grafts in infected sites.

Fibrin bonding of skin grafts to wounds is an essential part of the graft-adherence process. Bacteria, in concentrations greater than 10(5)/gm of tissue, are associated with graft failure. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into three groups, dorsal split-thickness skin grafts were harvested, and the sites were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. After incubation, each wound was quantitatively biopsied and treated with saline, fibrin glue with aprotinin, or fibrin glue alone. We found that the addition of commercially available fibrin glue with or without the antifibrinolytic agent aprotinin is capable of restoring graft adherence to normal levels in graft sites infected with greater than 10(5) bacteria/gm of tissue. Fibrin glue may have potential for increasing skin-graft take in the clinical situation where the graft bed is infected.     

Experimental use of fibrin glue to induce site-directed osteogenesis from cultured periosteal cells

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of fibrin glue and cultured periosteal cells will result in new bone formation at heterotopic sites in nude mice. Growing cells and developing matrices surrounding periosteal explants from the diaphyses of radii of newborn calves were minced and mixed with fibrin glue in a syringe. The cell/matrix-fibrin glue admixture was then injected into the subcutaneous space on the dorsum of athymic nude mice. After 12 weeks of implantation, gross morphology and histologic investigations showed newly formed bone structures in all cell/matrix-fibrin glue admixtures, but none in fibrin glue injected alone and used as control samples. Osteopontin, a protein important in bone development, was identified by a Western blot assay of the cell/matrix-fibrin glue composite. This study supports the feasibility of initiating site-directed formation of bone structures at heterotopic tissue sites by means of injection of cultured periosteal cells and matrix in a fibrin glue carrier.     

Successful transplantation of three tissue-engineered cell types using capsule induction technique and fibrin glue as a delivery vehicle

Recent advances in cell biology and tissue engineering have used various delivery vehicles for transplanting varying cell cultures with limited success. These techniques are frequently complicated by tissue necrosis, infection, and resorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether urothelium cells, tracheal epithelial cells, and preadipocytes cultured in vitro could be successfully transplanted onto a prefabricated capsule surface by using fibrin glue as a delivery vehicle, with the ultimate goal for use in reconstruction. In the first step of the animal study, tissue specimens (bladder urothelium, tracheal epithelial cells, epididymal fat pad) were harvested for in vitro cell culturing, and a silicone block was implanted subcutaneously or within the anterior rectus sheath to induce capsule formation. After 6 to 10 days, when primary cultures were confluent, the animals were re-anesthetized, the newly formed capsule pouches were incised, and the suspensions of cultured urothelia cells (n = 40), tracheal epithelial cells (n = 32), and preadipocytes (n = 40) were implanted onto the capsule surface in two groups, one using standard culture medium as a delivery vehicle and the second using fibrin glue. Histologic sections were taken, and different histomorphologic studies were performed according to tissue type. Consistently in all animals, a highly vascularized capsule was induced by the silicon material. In all animals in which the authors used fibrin glue as a delivery vehicle, they could demonstrate a successful reimplantation of cultured urothelium cells, tracheal epithelial cells, or preadipocytes. Their animal studies showed that capsule induction in combination with fibrin glue as a delivery vehicle is a successful model for transplantation of different in vivo cultured tissue types.     

Migration pattern, morphology and viability of cells suspended in or sealed with fibrin glue: a histomorphologic study

INTRODUCTION: We studied the migration pattern, morphology and viability of cells suspended in five different fibrin glues. Besides this, the behaviour of chondrocytes seeded on porous matrices comprising different collagen types sealed with fibrin glue was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an experiment A, cell suspension (0.5x10(6) cells) was incubated with different fibrin glues. Experiment B was set up to evaluate chondrocytes migration either through a collagen I/III (Chondro-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Switzerland) or collagen II matrix sealed with different fibrin glues in a perfusion chamber system. Analysis were performed by lightmicroscopy (Mayer's hematoxylin-eosin; Masson-Goldner; TUNEL test) and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. All fibrin glues were measured for TGF-beta 1 and 2 with a specific ELISA. RESULTS: After incubation of cell suspension in autologous fibrin glue, the morphology of cells is chondrocyte-like. Spindly, process-bearing cells were seen in commercial fibrin glue. Cells suspended in commercial fibrin glue revealed a significant higher percentage of TUNEL positive cells compared to fibrin tissue adhesives mixed with autologous serum (p=0.006). The TGF-beta 1 and 2 concentration was significantly higher in partial autologous fibrin sealant (PAF) compared to their commercial counterparts (p=0.001). Cells seeded on the collagen I/III matrix retained their chondrocytic morphology, while in the type II collagen matrix the chondrocytes displayed a fibroblastic phenotype. The ratio of TUNEL positive cells for the collagen I/III matrix was significantly surpassed by the values, when a collagen II matrix was used (p=0.008). No ingrowth of cells was seen in any of the experimental conditions. CONCLUSION: Partial autologous fibrin glue and collagen I/III matrices are favourable in respect to migration pattern, morphology and viability, but definitive conclusions can only be drawn after in vivo studies. This will be addressed in future animal studies.     

Evaluation of an in vivo heterotopic model of osteogenic differentiation of equine bone marrow and muscle mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin glue scaffold

Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used as a potential cell-based therapy in various animal and human diseases. Their differentiation capacity makes them useful as a novel strategy in the treatment of tissue injury in which the healing process is compromised or delayed. In horses, bone healing is slow, taking a minimum of 6–12 months. The osteogenic capacity of equine bone marrow and muscle MSCs mixed with fibrin glue or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a scaffold is assessed. Bone production by the following groups was compared: Group 1, bone marrow (BM) MSCs in fibrin glue; Group 2, muscle (M) MSCs in fibrin glue; Group 3, BM MSCs in PBS; Group 4, M MSCs in PBS and as a control; Group 5, fibrin glue without cells. BM and M MSCs underwent osteogenic stimulation for 48 h prior to being injected intramuscularly into nude mice. After 4 weeks, the mice were killed and muscle samples were collected and evaluated for bone formation and mineralization by using radiology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Positive bone formation and mineralization were confirmed in Group 1 in nude mice based on calcium deposition and the presence of osteocalcin and collagen type I; in addition, a radiopaque area was observed on radiographs. However, no evidence of mineralization or bone formation was observed in Groups 2–5. In this animal model, equine BM MSCs mixed with fibrin glue showed better osteogenic differentiation capacity compared with BM MSCs in PBS and M MSCs in either carrier.     

Injectable tissue-engineered cartilage using a fibrin glue polymer.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a fibrin glue polymer to produce injectable tissue-engineered cartilage and to determine the optimal fibrinogen and chondrocyte concentrations required to produce solid, homogeneous cartilage. The most favorable fibrinogen concentration was determined by measuring the rate of degradation of fibrin glue using varying concentrations of purified porcine fibrinogen. The fibrinogen was mixed with thrombin (50 U/cc in 40 mM calcium chloride) to produce fibrin glue. Swine chondrocytes were then suspended in the fibrinogen before the addition of thrombin. The chondrocyte/polymer constructs were injected into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice using chondrocyte concentrations of 10, 25, and 40 million chondrocytes/cc of polymer (0.4-cc injections). At 6 and 12 weeks, the neocartilage was harvested and analyzed by histology, mass, glycosaminoglycan content, DNA content, and collagen type II content. Control groups consisted of nude mice injected with fibrin glue alone (without chondrocytes) and a separate group injected with chondrocytes suspended in saline only (40 million cells/cc in saline; 0.4-cc injections). The fibrinogen concentration with the most favorable rate of degradation was 80 mg/cc. Histologic analysis of the neocartilage showed solid, homogeneous cartilage when using 40 million chondrocytes/cc, both at 6 and 12 weeks. The 10 and 25 million chondrocytes/cc samples showed areas of cartilage separated by areas of remnant fibrin glue. The mass of the samples ranged from 0.07 to 0.12 g at 6 weeks and decreased only slightly by week 12. The glycosaminoglycan content ranged from 2.3 to 9.4 percent for all samples; normal cartilage controls had a content of 7.0 percent. DNA content ranged from 0.63 to 1.4 percent for all samples, with normal pig cartilage having a mean DNA content of 0.285 percent. The samples of fibrin glue alone produced no cartilage, and the chondrocytes alone produced neocartilage samples with a significantly smaller mass (0.47 g at 6 weeks and 0.46 g at 12 weeks) when compared with all samples produced from chondrocytes suspended in fibrin glue (p < 0.03). Gel electrophoreses demonstrated the presence of type II collagen in all sample groups. This study demonstrates that fibrin glue is a suitable polymer for the formation of injectable tissue-engineered cartilage in the nude mouse model. Forty million chondrocytes per cc yielded the best quality cartilage at 6 and 12 weeks when analyzed by histology and content of DNA, glycosaminoglycan, and type II collagen.     

Effects of fibrin on the integration hydroxyapatite coating implants: experimental study in a rabbit model

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of fibrin (SAF) to titanium alloy implants coated with hydroxyapatite (HAP) on osteogenesis in rabbits. A titanium (Ti) alloy implant was inserted into the femoral neck of twenty-four adult rabbits. Six rabbits were included on each of the following groups: Ti control, HAP-coated Ti module, HAP-coated Ti module with added fibrin glue and Ti module also with added fibrin glue. After seven weeks, bone growth was examined radiographically and by histo-morphometry. The SAF/HAP mixture did caused to a significant increase in bone growth compared to the other groups. The addition of fibrin did not result in an increase in new-bone growth and increase the formation of fibrous tissue in contact with the implant. We concluded that SAF did not demonstrate osteoinductive properties.     

Wound healing enhancement in leg ulcers: A case report

Wound healing in the skin is a complex biological process in which numerous types of cells, cytokines, growth factors, proteases and extracellular matrix components act in concert to restore the integrity of injured tissue. Cultivated allogenic human keratinocytes have been used for the treatment of various skin defects like burnwounds, surgical wounds, in exfoliative skin diseases and chronic wounds. A new method for wound healing enhancement in leg ulcers using cultured allogenic keratinocytes suspended in fibrin glue and used in spray technique is introduced. Allogenic keratinocytes are supposed to enhance granulation tissue production and to stimulate reepithelisation due to their release of growth factors and thus are able to recreate an active wound. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.