A Monoclonal Antibody to the Shield Beetle Cassida rubiginosa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): A Tool for Predator Gut Analysis

We describe the development of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the hemolymph of fifth-instar larvae of the shield beetle, Cassida rubiginosa Muell. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), to be used as a tool for predator gut analysis. The MAb reacts with all life stages of C. rubiginosa, shows no cross-reactions outside the genus Cassida (31 herbivorous insect species and 12 potential predators of C. rubiginosa were tested), and is less reactive with other Cassida species than with C. rubiginosa. Specificity tests were conducted using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis following SDS–PAGE showed that the MAb reacts with a single protein of molecular weight 32 kDa. The immunoblot of a native PAGE showed a reaction with three bands, the monomer of 32 kDa and two bands with approximate molecular weights of 60 and 90 kDa. Using this MAb, we were able to unambiguously identify individuals of the model predator Nabis mirmicoides Costa (Hemiptera, Nabidae) after feeding on one C. rubiginosa last-instar larva. The MAb may be useful for predator gut analysis to identify the predator complex of C. rubiginosa.     

H9724, a Monoclonal Antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi's Flagellin, Binds to Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60) Within Live Neuroblastoma Cells: A Potential Role for HSP60 in Peptide Hormone Signaling and in an Autoimmune Pathogenesis of the Neuropathy of Lyme Disease

Although Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is found at the site of many disease manifestations, local infection may not explain all its features. B. burgdorferi's flagellin cross-reacts with a component of human peripheral nerve axon, previously identified as heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). The cross-reacting epitopes are bound by a monoclonal antibody to B. burgdorferi's flagellin, H9724. Addition of H9724 to neuroblastoma cell cultures blocks in vitro spontaneous and peptide growth-factor–stimulated neuritogenesis. Withdrawal of H9724 allows return to normal growth and differentiation. Using electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and FACS analysis we sought to identify the site of binding of H9724, with the starting hypotheses that the binding was intracellular and not identical to the binding site of II-13, a monoclonal anti-HSP60 antibody. The current studies show that H9724 binds to an intracellular target in cultured cells with negligible, if any, surface binding. We previously showed that sera from patients with neurological manifestations of Lyme disease bound to human axons in a pattern identical to H9724's binding; these same sera also bind to an intracellular neuroblastoma cell target. II-13 binds to a different HSP60 epitope than H9724; II-13 does not modify cellular function in vitro. As predicted, II-13 bound to mitochondria, in a pattern of cellular binding very different from H9724, which bound in a scattered cytoplasmic, nonorganelle-related pattern. H9724's effect is the first evidence that HSP60 may play a role in peptide-hormone–receptor function and demonstrates the modulatory potential of a monoclonal antibody on living cells.