Secondary abdominal contour surgery: a review of early and late reoperative surgery

A retrospective chart review of 400 abdominal contour operations produced a series of 24 patients who underwent both their primary and then their secondary abdominal contour surgeries with the senior author (Matarasso). The majority of patients were classified and treated according to the abdominoplasty classification system previously described; however, a subgroup could not be categorized according to this system. In this study, the authors identified the secondary abdominal contour surgical experience of one surgeon. A comparison was made between two groups of patients treated for both primary and secondary operations: group I, considered early, less than 18 months after the previous operation; and group II, considered late, 18 or more months after the previous operation. There was a significant difference between groups I and II (chi2 = 4.12, p = 0.05); most patients had their surgical procedures before 18 months. For patients who underwent either a miniabdominoplasty or a full primary abdominoplasty, there was a statistically significant difference between the number of patients treated in group I and the number in group II (Fisher's exact test, D = 0, p = 0.05). Next, the nature of the secondary procedure was determined to be either a revisional procedure or a completely new reoperative procedure. The majority of patients underwent revision or "touch-ups," accomplished with either liposuction alone or in combination with scar revision. There was no significant difference between types of primary and secondary procedures performed in group I or group II. Secondary abdominal contour surgery accounted for 6 percent (24 of 400) of all abdominal contour procedures performed by one surgeon. Complete secondary surgery, performing an additional open procedure, occurred in 21 percent of cases (five of 24). Revision surgery (scar revision or removal of dog-ears) was performed in 29 percent of all cases (seven of 24). There was a 4 percent (one of 24) complication rate requiring operative intervention. This rate is consistent with that reported in the literature for primary abdominal contour surgery. With the overall acceptance of aesthetic surgery increasing, the number of patients undergoing abdominoplasty increasing, an aging population, and the safety of secondary abdominal contour surgery suggested from this review, it is likely that plastic surgeons will see more patients requesting secondary abdominal contour surgery in the future.     

椎旁肌退变与短节段腰椎融合内固定术后螺钉松动的相关性分析

摘要 目的：分析椎旁肌退变与短节段腰椎融合内固定术后螺钉松动的相关性。方法：回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年6月广州市番禺区中医院行短节段腰椎融合内固定术治疗的251例腰椎退行性疾病患者的临床资料，根据术后螺钉松动情况分为松动组（n=47）和对照组（n=204）。收集患者的临床资料，对比两组椎间植骨融合情况、螺钉直径、螺钉长度、螺钉椎内长度、椎旁肌的肌肉相对总横截面积（rtCSA）和脂肪浸润程度（FI）。应用多因素logistic回归分析短节段腰椎融合内固定术后螺钉松动发生的危险因素，并描绘受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线检验危险因素预测短节段腰椎融合内固定术后螺钉松动的效能。结果：251例患者平均随访时间（24.16±7.28）个月，其中47例患者在最终随访时发生螺钉松动，总体松动率18.73%。两组性别、骨密度比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，松动组的多裂肌FI增高（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，松动组的竖脊肌rtCSA减少，竖脊肌FI增高（P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示竖脊肌FI较高是短节段腰椎融合内固定术后螺钉松动发生的独立危险因素，而竖脊肌rtCSA较高、骨密度较高则是保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示：骨密度、竖脊肌rtCSA、竖脊肌FI等3指标单独及联合应用时：ROC-AUC（0.95CI）分别为0.708（0.446～0.971）、0.736（0.495～0.951）、0.648（0.335～0.965）、0.842（0.719～0.957）。联合应用预测效能较高。结论：竖脊肌的退变是短节段腰椎融合内固定术后螺钉松动的危险因素。当骨密度＜-3.00 g/cm²、竖脊肌rtCSA＜1.45%及FI＞35.00%时，提示术后发生螺钉松动的可能性大，可作为短节段腰椎融合内固定术后评价螺钉松动风险的参考指标。     

Management of advanced ovarian cancer in South West Wales − a comparison between primary debulking surgery and primary chemotherapy treatment strategies in an unselected,consecutive patient cohort

ObjectivesThis study represents the first reported outcomes for patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) in South-West Wales undergoing treatment with primary debulking surgery or primary chemotherapy respectively.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of consecutive, unselected patients with advanced ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer (FIGO III/IV) presenting to a regional cancer centre between October 2007 and October 2014. Patients were identified from Welsh Cancer Services records and relevant data was extracted from electronic National Health Service (NHS) databases. Main outcome measures were median overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and perioperative adverse events. Hazard ratio estimation was carried out with Cox Regression analysis and survival determined by Kaplan-Meier plots.ResultsOf 220 women with AOC, 32.3% underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) and 67.7% primary chemotherapy and interval debulking (PCT-IDS). Patients were often elderly (median age 67 years) with a poor performance status (26.5% PS >1). Complete cytoreduction (0 cm residual) was achieved in 32.4% of patients in the PDS group and in 50.0% of patients undergoing IDS. Median OS for all patients was 21.9 months (PDS: 27.0 and PCT-IDS: 19.2 months; p > 0.05) and median PFS was 13.1 months (PDS: 14.3 months and PCT-IDS: 13.0 months; p > 0.05). Median overall and progression free survival for patients achieving complete cytoreduction were 48.0 and 23.2 months respectively in the PDS group and 35.4 months and 18.6 months in the IDS group (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis retrospective study of an unselected, consecutive cohort of women with AOC in South West Wales shows comparable survival outcomes with recently published trials, despite the relatively advanced age and poor performance status of our patient cohort. Over the seven-year study period, our data also demonstrated a non-significant trend towards improved survival following primary surgery in patients who achieved maximal cytoreduction. Our future aim therefore is to examine and develop the role of extended surgery in these patients.     

脑脊液分流术治疗64例脑肿瘤临床效果分析

目的:通过观察脑脊液分流术在64例脑肿瘤患者中的临床应用效果,探讨其临床应用的价值。方法:收集2009年1月-2010年3月我院64例脑肿瘤患者病例资料,其临床诊断均有颅内高压,对照组32例患者给予常规手术进行肿瘤切除;观察组在对照组的基础上给予脑脊液分流术,比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后两组颅内压均降低,观察组降低更为明显(P0.05)。对照组完全缓解率为15.6%,部分缓解率为21.8%,病程稳定率为31.3%,病程进展率为31.3%。观察组分别为28.1%、31.3%、25%和15.6%。观察组完全缓解率和部分缓解率明显高于对照组(P0.05.),病程进展率对照组明显高于观察组(P0.05)。对照组术后两年内复发5例,生存超过三年的17例,生存超过五年的12例。观察组术后两年内复发的2例,生存超过三年的20例,生存超过5年的15例。和对照组比较,观察组术后病情复发率更低,生存指数更高,比较有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:脑脊液分流术在伴颅内高压或脑积水的脑肿瘤手术中的使用效果显著,后期的手术成功率和患者生存率提高,临床上可予以更为深入的探索。     

Poor survival of ABG I hip prosthesis in younger patients

Background: Hydroxyapatite coated (HAC) hip implants have been used in clinical practice for more than two decades. However, the majority of studies have reported only intermediate term outcomes that are not reliable for predicting long-term behavior in all implants. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of HAC total hip arthroplasty in younger patients over a 10-year follow-up period. Methods and Results: This was an observational retrospective study of a 137 consecutive hips with the ABG I prosthesis. Of these, 128 were available for the last investigation. Median duration of follow-up was 10.9 years. The mean age at time of index surgery was 46+/-6.7 years. Probability of implant survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The overall 12-year cumulative survival was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.443-0.659). Periprosthetic osteolysis (57 %) was the most frequent reason for failure followed by aseptic loosening (28 %). When only aseptic loosening was included in the analysis, the same figures for cup and stem were 0.873 (95% CI, 0.808-0.938) and 0.992 (95% CI, 0.976- 1.0), respectively. Patients with a smaller cup size were those at high risk for revision due to wear-related complications (odds ratio, OR=4.3; 95% CI, 1.734-10.555). Conclusion: This study reports one of the poorest 12-year survivorship data for cementless acetabular component in the literature. The main reason for premature failure was osteolysis, strongly related to high wear rate of polyethylene.     

不同方式治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗效果比较

目的:对不同方式治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的治疗效果进行比较。方法:收取我院2010年2月至2013年3月收治的HCC合并PVTT患者83例进行回顾性分析,按照治疗方法的不同分为A组(手术+经导管动脉化疗栓塞TACE)26例、B组(手术+门静脉化疗PVC)25例以及C组(手术+TACE+PVC)32例。对三组患者不良反应发生情况、生存率、生存质量进行考察与比较,并对可能影响生存率的因素进行分析。结果:三组患者均行手术切除,切除率为100%。三组患者化疗后不良反应发生率方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。C组患者生存质量提高总有效率及改善率分别为78.13%和50.00%,均显著高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。C组患者中位生存时间及半年、1年、2年、3年生存率均显著高于A组和B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。影响HCC合并PVTT患者的主要因素包括肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、病理分级及癌栓类型(P0.05)。结论:HCC合并PVTT患者术后使用TACE+PVC联合治疗可有效提高患者生存率,改善生活质量。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌患者的预后分析

目的:探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的疗效及预后状况。方法:选择2010年6月至2013年6月我院收治的早期NSCLC患者80例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=40)和实验组(n=40)。对照组患者行常规开胸肺叶切除术,实验组患者行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术,所有患者于术后视具体情况给予化疗或放疗。记录两组患者术中及术后临床相关指标,术后并发症发生率,术后随访3年,比较两组患者3年生存率,并分析全胸腔镜肺叶切除术后患者预后影响因素。结果:实验组患者手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔引流时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组患者术后并发症发生率、术后3年生存率分别为12.50%、57.50%,与对照组的17.50%、50.00%相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Cox多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径和术后是否放化疗是影响全胸腔镜肺叶切除术后患者预后的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期NSCLC患者具有微创、安全及远期生存率较高的特点,术后辅以放化疗能够延长患者的生存率。     

Surgical Management of Tibial Bone Loss in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Clinical Outcomes and Radiographic Analysis of Tantalum Cones,Titanium Cones and Titanium Sleeves

BackgroundThe use of metaphyseal cones and sleeves has improved the ability to manage tibial bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of three systems used for tibial metaphyseal reconstruction in revision TKA.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 723 revision TKAs, including 145 (20%) knee revisions using tibial cones or sleeves. We compared porous tantalum (TM) cones, titanium (Ti) cones and titanium sleeves. The mean follow-up was 2.5 years.ResultsThe rate of revision for any reason was similar among all groups. Revision-free survival rates were similar among all systems studied at a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (TM cones 93%, Ti cones 94%, titanium sleeves 89%). Ti cones had a lower complication rate (6%) compared to TM cones (24%) and sleeves (29%). TM cones (15%) and titanium sleeves (13%) had higher reoperation rates (for any cause) than Ti cones (2%). Radiographic loosening was higher for sleeves (11%) than TM and Ti cones (2%).ConclusionMetaphyseal reconstruction for tibial bone loss in revision TKA using tantalum cones, titanium cones and titanium sleeves showed successful and comparable early clinical outcomes at a mean follow-up of 2.5 years with higher rates of radiographic loosening for titanium sleeves. Level of Evidence: III     

The BCL2 -938C>A Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Risk for and Time to Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Aseptic loosening is a major cause of revision surgery of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Only few host factors affecting aseptic loosening have been identified until now, although they are urgently needed to identify and possibly treat those patients at higher risk for aseptic loosening. To determine whether the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.-938C>A (rs2279115), located in the promoter region of the BCL2 gene has an impact on aseptic loosening of THA we genotyped and analyzed 234 patients suffering from aseptic loosening and 231 patients after primary THA. The polymorphism is associated with risk for aseptic loosening with the CC genotype at highest risk for aseptic loosening, Odds Ratio CC vs. AA 1.93, 95%CI 1.15–3.25, p = 0.013. In contrast, low risk AA genotype carriers that still developed aseptic loosening showed a significantly shorter time to aseptic loosening than patients carrying the C allele (p = 0.004). These results indicate that the BCL2 -938C>A polymorphism influences the occurrence and course of aseptic loosening and suggests this polymorphism as an interesting candidate for prospective studies and analyses in THA registers.     

Surgical outcomes for colon and rectal cancer over a decade: results from a consecutive monocentric experience in 902 unselected patients

Background

This study evaluates the surgical morbidity and long-term outcome of colorectal cancer surgery in an unselected group of patients treated over the period 1994–2003.

Methods

A consecutive series of 902 primary colorectal cancer patients (489 M, 413 F; mean age: 63 years ± 11 years, range: 24–88 years) was evaluated and prospectively followed in a university hospital (mean follow-up 36 ± 24 months; range: 3–108 months). Perioperative mortality, morbidity, overall survival, curative resection rates, recurrence rates were analysed.

Results

Of the total, 476 colorectal cancers were localized to the colon (CC, 53%), 406 to the rectum (RC, 45%), 12 (1%) were multicentric, and 8 were identified as part of HNPCC (1%). Combining all tumours, there were 186 cancers (20.6%) defined as UICC stage I, 235 (26.1%) stage II, 270 (29.9%) stage III and 187 (20.6%) stage IV cases. Twenty-four (2.7%) cases were of undetermined stage. Postoperative complications occurred in 38% of the total group (37.8% of CC cases, 37.2% of the RC group, 66.7% of the synchronous cancer patients and 50% of those with HNPCC, p = 0.19) Mortality rate was 0.8%, (1.3% for colon cancer, 0% for rectal cancer; p = 0.023). Multivisceral resection was performed in 14.3% of cases. Disease-free survival in cases resected for cure was 73% at 5-years and 72% at 8 years. The 5- and 8-year overall survival rates were 71% and 61% respectively (total cases). At 5-year analysis, overall survival rates are 97% for stage I disease, 87% for stage II, 73% for stage III and 22% for stage IV respectively (p < 0.0001). The 5-year overall survival rates showed a marked difference in R0, R1+R2 and non resected patients (82%, 35% and 0% respectively, p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, resection for cure and stage at presentation but not tumour site (colon vs. rectum) were independent variables for overall survival (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

A prospective, uniform follow-up policy used in a single institution over the last decade provides evidence of quality assurance in colorectal cancer surgery with high rates of resection for cure where only stage at presentation functions as an independent variable for cancer-related outcome.     

Open-heart surgery in elderly patients.

Between March 1975 and March 1980, 50 patients aged 70 to 78 years underwent open-heart surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute. Coronary bypass was performed in 23 patients, valve replacement in 16 and combined coronary and valve surgery in 11. There were four early deaths, all due to cardiac causes. Early postoperative complications occurred in 58% of the patients. There were seven late deaths, five in the valve replacement groups and two in the isolated coronary bypass group. The cumulative survival rate 5 years after surgery was estimated at 76%. While 82% of the survivors were in functional class III or IV before surgery, 90% were in class I or II when last seen, after an average postoperative follow-up of 3 years. Nonfatal late complications occurred in eight of the survivors, one of whom suffered a major hemorrhage due to anticoagulant therapy. Thus, open-heart operations can be offered to the elderly, with a low risk of operative death. The late clinical improvement, with a return to a normal lifestyle, justifies a surgical approach for patients in otherwise good general condition.     

Adjuvant therapy after radical surgery of cervical cancer: Zagreb experience

The results of the analysis of the treatment of 72 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix are presented. Seventy-two patients with Stage IB1 carcinoma of the cervix underwent a radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The low-risk group includes the patients without unfavourable prognostic factors that were treated by surgery alone. The high-risk group included women with pelvic node metastases, clinical tumour size greater than 3.0 cm, depth of stromal invasion greater than 1/3 of the cervical wall, Grade 3 tumours and the presence of lympho-vascular space involvement. High-risk patients received whole pelvic radiotherapy between two and four weeks following surgery. Thirty-four patients (47.2%) were in the low-risk group and thirty-eight patients (52.8%) were in the high-risk group. Locoregional recurrences were diagnosed in three cases (8.8%) in the surgery group and in four patients (10.5 %) assigned to postoperative radiotherapy. The incidence of distant metastases was 2.9% in the group treated by surgery alone and 5.3% in the group treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Overall survival at five years was 91.2% in the low-risk group and 89.5% in the high-risk group of patients. Five-year overall survival, locoregional and distant metastases were similar in the low-risk and high-risk groups of patients, which emphasizes the value of whole pelvic radiation in patients with one or more unfavourable prognostic factors after radical surgery in Stage IB1 cervical cancer     

Metal sensitivity in patients with joint replacement arthroplasties.

A high incidence of unexpected metal sensitivity was found in patients with metal-to-metal (McKee) hip arthroplasties. Patients with metal-to-plastic (Charnley) prostheses had no greater incidence of metal sensitivity than a control group awaiting operation. If metal sensitivity does occur loosening of the prosthesis may be a complication.     

直肠系膜切除术对直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者MMPs、CEA、CA199及生存率的影响

目的:探讨直肠系膜切除术对直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者血清基质金属蛋白酶、肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA199)及生存率的影响。方法:收集直肠原发癌位于直肠中下段的病例,行直肠癌根治术复发再入院患者48例(均为本院2010年4月-2014年3月手术后的病例),按照手术方式的不同分为2组,分别24例。对照组采用姑息性手术治疗,研究组采用直肠系膜切除术治疗,采用ELISA法测定血清MMP-2、MMP-9、CEA、CA199水平,记录所有患者术后并发症状况,术后进行随访时间为3年,比较两组1年、3年的生存率状况。结果:对照组在手术时间、出血量、住院时间上高于研究组,(P0.05);对照组在肛门排气时间上低于研究组,(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗2周后MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平降低,治疗2周后血清CEA、CA199表达水平降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗2周后MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平较低,治疗2周后血清CEA、CA199表达水平较低(P0.05);两组患者治疗期间并发症无差异(P0.05);两组间术后1年生存率,无差异(P0.05);研究组术后3年生存率(66.67%)高于对照组(37.50%),(P0.05)。结论:直肠系膜切除术可提高直肠癌根治术后局部复发患者的长期生存率,降低血清MMP-2、MMP-9、CEA、CA199水平,安全性高,值得广泛推广。     

Cotrel-dubousset instrumentation for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Long-term results with an unexpected high revision rate

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: For many years, the CD instrumentation has been regarded as the standard device for the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Nevertheless, scientific long-term results on this procedure are rare. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective follow-up study of patients treated for AIS with CD instrumentation and spondylodesis. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with AIS underwent CD instrumentation in our department within 3 years and between 1990 and 1992. For the retrospective analysis, first all the patient documents were reviewed, and pre-/postoperative X-ray images as well as those at the latest follow-up were analysed. Furthermore, it was attempted to conduct a clinical survey using the SRS-24 questionnaire, which was sent to the patients after a preceding announcement on the phone. RESULTS: Radiologically, the frontal main curvature was improved from a preoperative angle of 69.2degrees to a postoperative angle of 35.4degrees, and the secondary curvature was improved from a preoperative angle of 42.6degrees to a postoperative angle of 20.5degrees. The latest radiological followup at average 57.4 months post surgery showed an average loss of correction of 9.6degrees (main curvature) and 4.6degrees (secondary curvature), respectively.Within the first 30 days post surgery, 3 out of 40 patients (7.5%) received early operative revision for the dislocation of hooks or rods.At an average of 45.7 months (range 11 to 142 months), 19 out of 40 patients (47.5%; including 2 patients with early revision) received late operative revisions: The reasons were late infection (10 out of 40 patients; 25%) with the development of fistulae (7 cases) or putrid secretion (3 cases), which was resolved with the complete removal of instrumentation after all. The average time until revision was 35.5 months (range 14 to 56 months) after CD instrumentation. Furthermore, complete implant removal was necessary in 8 out of 40 patients (20%) for late operate site pain (LOSP). The average time until removal of instrumentation was 62.7 months (range 18 to 146 months) post surgery; and one patient received partial device removal for prominent instrumentation 11 months post surgery. Altogether, only 22 out of 40 CD instrumentations (55%) were still in situ. After an average period of 14.3 years post surgery, it was possible to follow-up 14 out of 40 patients (35%) using the SRS-24 questionnaire. The average score was 93 points, without showing significant differences between patients with or without their instrumentation in situ. CONCLUSIONS: Retrospectively, we documented for the first time a very high revisions rate in patients with AIS and treated by CD instrumentation. Nearly half of the instrumentation had to be removed due to late infection and LOSP. The reasons for the high rate of late infections with or without fistulae and for LOSP were analysed and discussed in detail.     

Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the elderly

Objective: Bariatric surgery is not usually recommended in the elderly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in older patients registered in the database of the Italian Group for Lap‐Band Gruppo Italiano Lap‐Band (GILB). Methods and Procedures: GILB is a centralized database which collects operative and follow‐up data from 26 Italian surgical centers who utilize the Lap‐Band System as a restrictive procedure. Patients ≥60 years were selected from the database of the GILB and analyzed according to co‐morbidities, conversion, peri‐operative complications, and weight loss. Results: Of 5,290 patients, 216 (4.1%; 184F/32M) were ≥60 years old at surgery (mean age 64.1 ± 4.0 years; range 60–83). Baseline BMI was similar in both sets of patients i.e., ≥60 and <60 years of age (44.2 ± 7.6 kg/m² vs. 44.9 ± 7.4 kg/m²). Patients ≥60 years of age were more frequently affected by co‐morbidities than patients <60 years of age. Two cases of operative mortality were observed in patients <60 years old (0.04%) and one in patients ≥60 years old (0.46%). The proportion of patients requiring revision surgery was comparable as well. Weight loss was significantly lower in elderly patients. Despite their lower weight loss, patients ≥60 years of age experienced a significant improvement of obesity‐related co‐morbidities (they showed improvement 1 year after surgery in 100% of cases of diabetes or sleep apnoea, 67.1% of cases of hypertension, and 34.9% of cases of osteoarthritis). Discussion: LAGB may be performed safely in patients ≥60 years old. Weight loss in older patients seems unsatisfactory if compared to younger subjects. However, the majority of elderly patients show an improvement in obesity‐related co‐morbidities.     

多原发癌

目的:探讨多原发癌的病因、临床特点及其诊治。方法:回顾性总结分析了一组普通外科多原发癌病人的资料,并结合文献进行了分析。结果:本组77例多原发癌,占同期普通外科住院病人的1.33%(77/5768),半数以上发生于65岁及以上的老年人。胃肠道多原发癌占81.8%。其发生主要与下列因素有关:基因缺陷因素(遗传易感性)、环境因素、治疗所致(如放、化疗)、免疫缺陷、老龄。结论:多原发癌近年呈增加趋势,对于肿瘤病人的诊治,不要忽略了同时性癌的可能;手术仍是多原发癌实体瘤主要而有效的治疗手段。     

Long term relative survival after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Western Australia: population based study

Objective: To determine the long term relative survival of all patients who had surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Western Australia during 1985-94. Design: Population based study. Setting: Western Australia. Subjects: All patients who had had surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Western Australia during 1985-94. Main outcome measures: Morbidity and mortality data of patients admitted and surgically treated for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Western Australia during 1985-94. Elective, ruptured, and acute non-ruptured cases were analysed separately. Independent analyses for sex and patients aged 80 years or more were also undertaken. Postoperative (>30 days) relative survival was assessed against age and sex matched controls. Results: Overall, 1475 (1257 men, 218 women) cases were identified. The crude five year survival after elective surgery, including deaths within 30 days of surgery, was 79% for both men and women. When compared with a matched population the five year relative survival after elective surgery was 94.9% (95% confidence interval 89.9% to 99.9%) for men but only 88.0% (76.3% to 99.7%) for women. The five year relative survival of those aged 80 years and over was good: 116.6% (89.1% to 144.0%) compared with 92.4% (87.7% to 97.0%) for those under 80 years of age (men and women combined). Cardiovascular disease caused 57.8% of the 341 deaths after 30 days. Conclusion: In a condition such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, which occurs in elderly patients, relative survival is more clinically meaningful than crude survival. The five year relative survival in cases of elective and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was better in men than in women. This is probably because of greater comorbidity in women with abdominal aortic aneurysm and this deserves more attention in the future. The long term survival outcome in octogenarians supports surgery in selected cases.

Key messages

• Background mortality for conditions such as abdominal aortic aneurysm in elderly patients needs to be taken into account when assessing long term survival after surgery
• Relative survival methodology can correct for background mortality
• The five year relative survival for patients surviving beyond 30 days of elective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm was 95% for men and 88% for women
• For octogenarians, five year survival after elective surgery was greater than that expected of an age matched population
• Age over 80 years should not preclude consideration for elective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm

     

大直径陶瓷假体用于全髋关节置换术的稳定性和安全性

目的:探讨大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体对髋关节置换患者术后假体磨损,稳定性和髋关节功能的影响。方法:选取我院2010年1月-2014年1月间采用大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体行关全髋置换的股骨头坏死患者46例作为研究组。另选40例采用标准金属-聚乙烯假体手术患者作为对照组。观察并比较两组患者假体磨损情况、髋关节稳定性和功能评分。结果:研究组患者术后无一例脱位,发生假体松动1例,Harris评分为(82.04±1.92)分;对照组术后发生假体脱位4例,松动4例,Harris评分为(81.37±1.27)分;研究组假体稳定性和磨损程度优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组髋关节功能评分无显著差异(P0.05)。发生假体松动的患者术后血沉、IL-1和IL-6浓度均高于正常值,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与标准假体相比,大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体稳定性好,磨损率低,是全髋置换手术的良好假体。     

Nasal reconstruction--beyond aesthetic subunits: a 15-year review of 1334 cases

A retrospective analysis was performed on 1334 patients who underwent nasal reconstruction between 1986 and 2001. The senior author performed all reconstructions in this series after Mohs' histographic excisions. Only secondary reconstructions were performed without a preceding Mohs' excision. Methods of reconstruction, number of operations per patient, locations of defects, and complications were recorded. Using preoperative and postoperative photographs, aesthetic results were reviewed. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common lesion, followed by squamous cancer and melanoma. The average age of the patients was 51 years. Cancers most commonly arose on the dorsum, ala, and tip. Of 1334 cases, a 1.9 percent recurrence rate was documented. The average time between surgery and clinical recognition of recurrence was 39 months. All recurrent lesions were reexcised by the Mohs' technique. Eighty-one percent of reconstructions were completed in three or fewer stages. Seventy-five percent of reconstructions were completed in two stages. Primary dermabrasion or primary laserbrasion using carbon dioxide or erbium lasers was used in nearly every case. Early secondary dermabrasion or laserbrasion was used in a few cases where indicated. A 1.2 percent revision rate was noted (16 patients). Thirteen partial flap necroses required revision. Three patients experienced dehiscence at the donor site of paramedian forehead flaps. A preferred philosophy toward nasal reconstruction is described. The goal is to achieve optimal cosmetic and functional results while minimizing stages and resection of healthy tissue. Six core principles are advocated that guide efficient and successful nasal reconstruction: (1) maximal conservation of native tissue is advised; (2) reconstruction of the defect, not the subunit, is advised; (3) complementary ablative procedures, such as primary dermabrasion, enhance the final result and decrease the number of revisionary procedures; (4) primary defatting also decreases the number of revisionary procedures; (5) when possible, the use of axial pattern flaps is preferred; and (6) good contour is the aesthetic endpoint.