Emotional intimacy with nature and life & intellectual interest in life of pre-service biology teachers for environmental education

We investigated emotional intimacy with nature and life, and intellectual interest in life among South Korean pre-service teachers (N = 114) training in biology education, analysing the differences between these two constructs as well as their relationship to environmental behaviour and sensitivity. In addition, differences in the respondents’ experiences of nature, concerns about environmental problems and willingness to perform environmental education were explored. Four groups of pre-service biology teachers, categorised by the two investigated personal variables, showed different responses for the environment-related characteristics and other variables. Our results suggest that biology teachers should have higher emotional and intellectual interest in nature and life, and a balance between emotional intimacy with nature and life, and intellectual interest in life is needed to prepare them.     

类比推理对培养生物学科人才创新思维的作用

现代生物学科的发展是各类知识的综合、转换和创新的过程,在教学中恰当的引用类比推理,是培养学生综合思维能力和创新思维能力的一种好的方法.通过列举在生理学、分类学、遗传学的教学中采用类比推理教学的实例,具体说明如何培养学生建立综合性、联想性、整体性的思维方式.     

生物类专业基础课“生物化学”课程思政教育探索与创新

专业课教学中渗透思政教育是实现高校全过程、全方位、全员育人的重要途径,而且以专业知识为载体的思政教育比纯粹的思政课更有说服力和感染力。生物化学作为生物类专业的基础必修课,蕴含着丰富多样的思政资源。近年来,我们教学团队结合“生物化学”课程自身特征,开展了颇有成效的课程思政教学探索与实践,明确了课程育人目标,丰富了课程教学资源,创新了课程教学模式,构建了思政融合策略。思政资源的深度挖掘和巧妙应用收获了“润物细无声”的效果,实现了“生物化学”课程教学价值塑造、知识传授与能力培养的三者有机结合。     

病原生物学专业研究生综合素质培养的探讨

病原生物学是基础医学中一门重要学科,高素质病原生物学人才培养,是适应社会发展、满足社会需求、促进创新型人才建设的关键.作者在实际工作中,注重引导学生学习态度和思维模式的转变,开展多种形式的教学,从学习态度、科研能力、协作能力等方面对病原生物学专业研究生综合素质的培养进行了初步的探讨,把研究生带到知识前沿、形成研究问题、引导批判和创新,使研究生掌握一定的科研思路与科研方法;注重动手能力的训练,严格施教,加强学术道德教育,探索高素质病原生物学研究生培养的新模式.     

哈氏啮小蜂雌蜂的繁殖生物学特性

哈氏啮小蜂Tetrastichus hagenowii（Ratzeburg）是卫生害虫蜚蠊的重要天敌昆虫, 能寄生多种蜚蠊种类的卵荚, 被认为是控制蜚蠊危害最具潜力的天敌昆虫。本文对哈氏啮小蜂雌蜂的繁殖生物学特性进行了系统研究。结果表明: 哈氏啮小蜂行孤雌生殖和两性生殖的繁殖方式, 两性生殖其子代雌蜂所占比例为46.02%, 而孤雌生殖其子代均为雄性。经解剖镜检证实: 雌蜂发育至性成熟时的两侧卵巢结构呈现为, 每侧卵巢有8~12根卵巢管, 每根卵巢管怀卵量约1~6粒。结果发现雌蜂发育日期影响其怀卵数量, 1日龄哈氏啮小蜂怀卵量低, 平均为45.2粒/♀; 2日龄哈氏啮小蜂怀卵量较高, 平均为80.1粒/♀。哈氏啮小蜂羽化后即性成熟产卵, 产卵期为4~11 d, 日产卵量为0.86~7.57粒/♀, 单雌一生平均寄生1枚美洲大蠊卵荚。供试寄主卵荚密度是影响哈氏啮小蜂寄生率的重要因素, 在蜂卵荚比例为1∶5, 1∶3, 1∶2, 1∶1, 2∶1和3∶1范围内, 哈氏啮小蜂对卵荚的寄生率随着雌蜂数量与寄主卵荚比例的提高而增加, 然单雌寄生卵荚数量却呈下降趋势。     

Bridging the morphological and biological species concepts: studies on the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in South-east Asia

Defining species accurately is a critical need in fundamental disciplines such as ecology and evolutionary biology and in applied arenas such as pest management. The validity of species designations depends on agreement of different methods of species diagnosis for unique biological species. The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies provide an excellent opportunity for such a test of the congruence of different techniques (e.g. morphological, molecular, host-plant based, chemotaxonomy) used for species diagnosis. The complex contains a large number of closely-related species, is distributed over a wide geographical range in South-east Asia and considerable information has been compiled on some species. In the present study, the morphological and biological species boundaries were compared using new data from morphometric analyses of reproductive and body parts, together with a review of data on morphology, chemistry of male pheromones that are important in courtship and mating, molecular analyses, and endemic rainforest host plants. For the populations studied ( Bactrocera carambolae , Bactrocera dorsalis , Bactrocera occipitalis , Bactrocera papayae , Bactrocera philippinensis , Bactrocera kandiensis and Bactrocera invadens ) there appears to be significant congruence between the morphological and biological species boundaries.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 93 , 217–226.     

The reproductive biology of two poorly known relatives of the fig (Ficus) and insights into the evolution of the fig syconium

We conducted the first detailed investigation of the floral architecture and reproductive biology of two species from the genus Dorstenia, which are poorly known relatives of Ficus (Moraceae). Our aims were to extend and refine knowledge of the understudied genus Dorstenia and to explore possible insights into the evolution of the fig syconium. We characterised four key stages of floral development using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and histological staining. Reproductive biology was found to be complex and species‐specific. Both study species are monoecious and produce an inflorescence of minute male and female flowers. Protogyny, associated with a spatial separation of male and female flowers and asynchronous stamen development, was species‐specific, as was seed set. Our results reveal novel insights into the complex reproductive biology of an under‐studied genus in the family Moraceae. We propose that exploring the reproductive biology of Dorstenia and other poorly known Ficus relatives will provide insights into the evolution of the fig syconium – the unique reproductive structure of this economically and ecologically important genus.     

结合分子生物学课程对大学生创新能力进行培养的尝试

大学教育应以建设创新型国家为己任,为培养创新型人才服务。根据分子生物学课程的特点,从课堂教学和实验教学两方面同时入手,结合教师的科研情况、学科的前沿动态以及引导学生进行课外阅读等几方面对学生的创新能力的培养进行尝试,取得良好效果。     

How fieldwork-oriented biology teachers establish formal outdoor education practices

ABSTRACT

Fieldwork is an important part of biology as well as science and biology education. However, teachers perceive several reasons for the limited use of fieldwork in schools. Further, outdoor education is often organised as a single fieldtrip guided by outdoor educators, and little research has been done on fieldwork as a regular part of formal biology education. This case study explores three secondary-school biology teachers who untypically use outdoor education as a major part of their ecology courses for 8^th grade students (median age 14). Berger and Luckmann’s theory of the process of institutionalization as a theoretical background is used to interpret the pedagogical and organizational choices of the case study teachers. Analysis of the interviews of the selected three teachers revealed pedagogical and organizational means through which outdoor teaching is institutionalized into a regular activity in biology lessons. The teachers considered regularity, assessment practices and the school curriculum as major tools to legitimate outdoor learning as a formal schoolwork and foster successful learning. However, they also emphasised students’ freedom during outdoor activities. The findings are discussed in terms of how the teachers succeeded in combining the institutional order of formal schooling with students’ freedom in nature.     

Evolution—by the (Text) Book

Textbooks are widely used in American science classrooms and as such have become a focal point of efforts by the anti-evolution movement to eliminate or weaken evolution education in American schools. Because of this, the experience of writing and rewriting a biology textbook today is much more than an exercise in scientific pedagogy. The particular history of just one high school biology text illustrates the degree to which pressure can be placed on authors and publishers to weaken or dilute the coverage of evolution. The use of textbooks to define and support curricula makes it particularly important for the scientific and education communities to resist such pressures and to assert the integrity of the scientific process in determining textbook content.     

First evidence of multiple paternity in the blue shark (Prionace glauca)

Multiple paternity (MP) is defined as the behaviour in which females successfully mate with multiple males leading to offspring from different sires within the same litter. MP seems to be frequent and an evolutionary advantage in elasmobranchs. Here the authors report for the first time the occurrence of MP in the cosmopolitan blue shark Prionace glauca L. The evidence, gathered via microsatellite genotyping of pregnant females and their embryos, suggests that MP is very frequent in this species. Knowledge of MP in P. glauca should help describe more precisely its reproductive biology and contribute to the management of its populations.     

Molecular biology in the Soviet Russia (An essay)

Stages of the evolvement and development of the major directions of molecular biology in the 1950–1980’s and its prehistory bracketing the 1920–1940’s are considered against the backgrounds of the history of the Soviet science. Short outlines of the lives and activities of the leading scientists who shaped the directions of and provided for success in studying supramolecular cell structures and molecular mechanisms of processes on a cellular level. This essay, which is far from exhaustive in describing the problems that the Soviet scientists have been dealing with, does not cover the studies of the last decade, nor does it evaluate the contributions of the living molecular biologists.     

国际基因工程机器大赛在中国

合成生物学是一门新兴的交叉学科,为培养合成生物学后备人才,国际基因工程机器(iGEM)大赛应运而生。2007年中国首次有5支队伍参加iGEM大赛,至今已经有11年的历史。然而,目前尚无全面总结中国iGEM队伍的相关文献。文中全面梳理和总结了iGEM大赛在中国的发展历程,包括参赛队伍的数量、地理分布、竞赛成绩、中国iGEM社群CCiC的发展情况,以及iGEM大赛对中国高等教育的促进和借鉴作用,并深度思考了iGEM大赛在中国的发展前景,提出了发展建议。随着我国高等教育"双一流"战略的实施,iGEM大赛在我国的发展具有光明的前景,可为培养新一代科学家作出更大的贡献。     

Civic Biology and the Origin of the School Antievolution Movement

In discussing the origins of the antievolution movement in American high schools within the framework of science and religion, much is overlooked about the influence of educational trends in shaping this phenomenon. This was especially true in the years before the 1925 Scopes trial, the beginnings of the school antievolution movement. There was no sudden realization in the 1920’s – sixty years after the Origin of Species was published – that Darwinism conflicted with the Bible, but until evolution was being taught in the high schools, there was no impetus to outlaw it. The creation of “civic biology” curricula in the late 1910’s and early 20’s, spearheaded by a close-knit community of textbook authors, brought evolution into the high school classroom as part of a complete reshaping of “biology” as a school subject. It also incorporated progressive ideologies about the purposes of compulsory public education in shaping society, and civic biology was fundamentally focused on the applications of the life sciences to human life. Antievolution legislation was part of a broader response to the ideologies of the new biology field, and was a reaction not only to the content of the new subject, but to the increasingly centralized control and regulation of education. Viewing the early school antievolution movement through the science-religion conflict is an artifact of the Scopes trial’s re-creation of its origins. What largely caused support for␣the school antievolution movement in the South and particularly Tennessee were concerns over public education, which biology came to epitomize.     

Biotic versus abiotic pollination in Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae)

Geographical variation in the reproductive biology of widespread species often occurs at their distributional boundaries. We sought to determine whether such variation has occurred in an invasive orchid, Oeceoclades maculata, across its naturalized range. We compared its reproductive biology in a Brazilian population with that published for a population on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. In the state of São Paulo, O. maculata flowers between December and February, at the height of the rainy season. Similar fruit sets were observed in manual self (76%) and cross (70.4%) pollination treatments. The fruit set of plants protected from both pollinators and rainfall was 6.1%, whereas plants exposed only to rainfall had a fruit set of 41.4%, slightly less than the controls (48.3%). Like the Puerto Rico population, reproduction is primarily through rain‐assisted autogamy, but unlike observations made on the island, outcrossing can eventually occur. We observed two butterfly species (Heliconius ethilla narcaea and Heliconius erato phyllis) pollinating O. maculata. Secretory epidermal cells and trichomes of the spur lumen produced 0.7 µL of 25% (sucrose equivalents) nectar per flower each morning, which was stored in a dilated basal portion of the spur and reabsorbed by the afternoon. Thus, geographical variation in reproductive biology exists across the broad invasive range of O. maculata.     

中国地衣学现状综述

本文对中国地衣学在多样性、系统性及其物种与基因资源生物学研究方面进行了综述。文中强调了多样性和系统性研究在自然界地衣资源与研究开发之间的桥梁作用。论述了地衣结皮固沙、固碳及其基因资源在沙漠生物地毯工程中的意义。揭开了不产次生代谢产物的地衣秘密及其破解途径。     

The Floral Biology of Tricyrtis affinis Makino (Liliaceae)

Abstract The floral biology of Tricyrtis affinis was investigated and compared with that of four species of Tricyrtis which had been reported by the author. The flower opens for two days and is protandrous as in T. latifolia, T. flava , and T. ohsumiensis. The primary pollinators of T. affinis were Bombus diversus diversus and Amegilla sp., which were not different from those of the previous species although the shape and the color of the T. affinis flower are somewhat different from the others. The whole perianth of T. affinis absorbs UV light fairly well, and the large purple spotted area near the base absorbs it markedly well. The UV absorption pattern of the T. affinis flower is similar to that of T. latifolia. T. affinis is also self-compatible, like the others, and seeds obtained by self-pollination germinated well. Pollination of T. affinis is characterized by a refined system.     

动物生物学实践教学改进的探讨

动物生物学实践教学是生命科学本科教学的重要内容,为了适应高等教育改革和宽口径人才培养模式的要求,在动物生物学实践教学中,以培养学生技能为指导思想,对其实践教学的内容和方法进行改革,旨在实践教学中充分发挥学生的主观能动性,激发学生兴趣,培养学生的综合实践能力.同时,针对动物生物学实验及实习教学中存在的问题,提出了实践教学改进方面可行的建议.     

A cladistic analysis of the genus Lopezia (Onagraceae)

Lopezia, a genus of 22 species largely restricted to Mexico, forms a monophyletic group defined by the possession of two stamens in tetramerous flowerS. A cladistic analysis of the genus was performed using 16 characters from morphology, anatomy and embryology. Twenty of the 22 species were considered the terminal taxa. Polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using three alternative outgroups: the genus Fuchsia, Onagraceae excluding Ludwigia, and Epilobieae-Onagreae. Using Fuchsia as outgroup, 29 equally parsimonious cladograms were produced, each with 24 steps and a consistency index of 0.75. A successive weighting procedure was applied, resulting in 15 cladograms with consistency index of 0.85. The strict consensus cladogram defines eight monophyletic groups and supports most of the current sectional classification of Lopezia, with the exception that no synapomorphy defines section Jehlia. The larger sections Lopezia and Pelozia, although well-defined as clades, are not fully resolved internally. All cladograms support section Riesenbachia as monophyletic. The two alternative hypotheses for outgroups produced similar results: 61 most parsimonious trees, reduced after the successive weighting procedure to 15, which are identical to those produced with Fuchsia as outgroup. These results are discussed in the context of data on cytology and pollination biology.     

‘Generation Nemo’: motivations,satisfaction and career goals of marine biology students*

Marine biology is an increasingly preferred study major and career among youth. This is particularly the case of countries with extensive coastlines, such as Italy. In order to understand what exactly is fuelling this trend, and whether it culminates in the successful absorption of marine biologists as valued workforce by society, this study investigated the motivations, satisfaction and career goals of marine biology undergraduate students in Italy. Although it was expected that scientific literacy in formal education plays an important role in motivating marine biology students, the results showed that intrinsic motivations and informal education play a more crucial role. The students consider realistic career options, although these imply having to leave the country. The results of this study were used to make recommendations on the importance of marine and ocean literacy in the formal educational system in Italy, and the general improvement of scientific literacy in formal school education. Recommendations were also made on the potential improvements that can be made by higher education institutions, to better equip marine biologists with the skills required by emerging sectors in society. Finally, considerations were made regarding the dimensioning of supply, offer and marketing of employment opportunities for marine biologists in Italy.