水芹菜对黄金废水的净化与富集作用研究

研究了水芹莱（Oenanthejavanica）对黄金废水中全的净化与富集作用。在静态试验中,废水量15L,植物量为0.262kg,金的起始浓度为0.5、1.0和2．0mg·L－1,污水停留时间为5d其净化率分别为98.9％、99.2％和97.2％,而在根部灰分中金的富集量则分别为3027．2、8835.1和12164.6g·t－1     

水蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica）对含银废水的净化功能研究

 本文通过对水蕹菜净化含银废水的室内外静、动态试验研究得出：(1)水蕹菜对离子态银(Ag+)的去除速率高于对络合态银(Ag(S2O3)2)3-的去除速率即KAg+>K[Ag(S2O3)2]3-;(2)水蕹菜对银的净化率R与污水停留时间t呈指数函数关系(R=AeB/t,A、B为常数,B<0),其表面去除负荷Ps则与t呈幂函数关系(Ps=AtB B<0);(3)试验证明水蕹菜是生物净化含银废水的优良品种之一。     

秋茄对镉的吸收、积累及净化作用的研究

采用砂培研究红树植物秋茄幼苗在含镉0.0025—25ppm海水培养液中对镉的吸收积累、净化作用以及镉对秋茄的毒害作用。试验结果表明：秋茄植物体镉含量大小顺序为：根>胚轴>茎>叶．各器官镉含量(y)随培养液镉浓度(x)的增加而增加,两者呈显著的双对数线性正相关,根与培养液镉含量的回归方程为;logy=1.8039+0.4311logx。在含镉培养液中培养4个星期,不同器官对镉的富集作用明显,镉处理2.5ppb,叶、茎、胚轴、根的富集系数分别为62.4、113.6、187.2、705.2．吸收的镉主要积累于根部。25ppm镉处理组每株幼苗(干重6.18g)吸收镉量为239.47μg,其中根占植物体总镉量的75.6%．在所有浓度处理中,秋茄植物体对镉的吸收量为培养液总加镉量的2.4—36%。2.5ppm镉处理组10个星期内,根部镉积累量为538.74μg／g,未见明显受害,表明秋茄对镉的吸收积累能力和耐性都较强。幼苗受镉的毒害程度主要与根部镉含量有关。从天然条件生长的红树植物器官镉积累量来看,也表明秋茄群落对镉污染的吸收净化效果显著。     

凤眼莲对无锡电影胶片厂含银废水净化生产性应用实例

 本文报道了凤眼莲对无锡电影胶片厂含银废水的净化生产性应用试验结果：(1)污水停留时间为49h时,氧化沟出水中的银净化率为98.0%到100%(未检出);(2)COD的去除率为54.58%;(3)混浊度的去除率为68.9%;(4)NH4+–N和PO43–的去除率分别为45.55%和34.3%。该法已被该厂采纳应用,并取代了原来的活性炭吸附和O3氧化三级处理,年节约运转费用12.5万元。     

凤眼莲净化燕山石油化工废水的研究Ⅱ．静态净化试验

本文讨论了凤眼莲净化塘中COD、BOD_5、酚、氨氮、芳烃、油和硫化物含量下降趋势及pH、电导率和溶解氧的变化过程。COD/BOD_5比值的峰形曲线指示出废水的净化速率的变化。在试验条件下,COD下降过程基本上符合指数函数的数学模型:COD=A·e~(-B·D),COD表面净化率P_s值为9.1g/m~2·d。凤眼莲塘特定的理化和生物环境有利于石油化工废水的净化。净化塘中各类微生物、尤其是根部微生物,也起了相当重要的作用。     

凤眼莲净化燕山石油化工废水的研究Ⅰ．动态模拟试验

两级串联凤眼莲塘净化燕山石化废水的动态模拟试验表睨：在温暖季节,凤眼莲塘对该废水有很强的净化能力,其净化效率明显高于普通氧化塘。总停留时间为8天的两级串联的凤眼莲塘可使出水达到规定要求。塘Ⅰ塘Ⅱ的去除率常数分别为0．376和0．151,表面净化率分别为9．51和2．38gCOD／m^2d,凤眼莲(湿重)增长量分别为226和210g／m^2d。当日平均气温在10—24℃的范围内,COD去除率(R)在日平均气温(T)的影响下以对数函数下降R87．70 JnT-200．15。根据试验,提出了动态凤眼莲塘净化燕山石化废水的定量计算方法和有关参数。     

不同镉污染土壤下水稻镉富集与转运效率

选取适合湖南种植的48个水稻品种(系)在中轻度和重度镉污染土壤上进行盆栽试验,通过分析水稻籽粒产量、各器官富集系数、转运系数及植株净化效率,探明不同镉污染土壤对水稻镉富集、转运及净化效率的影响。结果表明:中轻度和重度镉污染土壤下糙米Cd含量、籽粒产量分别为0.010~0.048 mg·kg~(-1)、96.63~152.55 g·盆~(-1)和0.105~0.476mg·kg~(-1)、101.10~165.12 g·盆~(-1),重度镉污染土壤明显促进糙米镉含量增加,但对籽粒产量影响不大;中轻度和重度镉污染土壤下糙米镉富集效率和产量均不存在显著相关性;依据产量和糙米镉富集效率进行聚类分析,将所有品种在中轻度镉污染土壤下分为低镉低产组、低镉高产组;重度镉污染土壤分为高镉低产组、高镉高产组;两种镉污染土壤水稻各器官镉富集大小顺序均为糙米叶茎秆根系,转运效率则为土-根茎-叶茎-糙米根-茎,土壤镉主要转运至根部并富集于根部;水稻镉富集及转运效率受产量因素影响较小,但受土壤镉浓度影响较大;重度镉污染土壤明显增强水稻各器官镉富集和根-糙米各环节镉转运效率,较中轻度镉污染土壤增幅显著;水稻根部的净化效率远高于地上部分。     

凤眼莲与其根际细菌相互作用的研究

凤眼莲及其根际细菌的相互关系明显地受营养条件的影响,生长在含糖培养基中的凤眼莲根分泌物不改变其根际细菌的生长动态,但在含酚和无机营养条件下生长的凤眼莲根分泌物分别使其根际细菌出现２次和３次增长;而且在含酚环境中,根际细菌对凤眼莲表现出更为强烈的根际效应．细菌的代谢产物能提高凤眼莲体内的多酚氧化酶的活性,却抑制过氧化物酶的活性和减少其体内酚的富集量;然而接菌后的凤眼莲,其体内多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶同时得到激活,且酚富集量增加．     

5种湿地植物对土壤重金属的富集转运特征

选择芦苇、水葱、千屈菜、扁秆藨草、长苞香蒲5种湿地植物进行盆栽实验,比较它们对土壤中的5种重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的富集特性,分析重金属在各植物体和土壤中的动态分布,以评价所测植物对土壤中重金属的综合富集能力,为利用植物修复金属污染土壤提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:(1)种植湿地植物对土壤重金属的富集效果显著高于无植物对照,且随着处理时间的延长,土壤中重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的含量均呈下降趋势。(2)湿地植物对重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的富集效果差异显著,其中水葱根部对重金属镉的富集系数最大,芦苇根部对重金属铬、汞、铅、锌的富集系数均最大,千屈菜、扁秆藨草和长苞香蒲根部对5种重金属的富集系数均较小;芦苇地上部分对金属镉的富集系数最大,千屈菜地上部分对金属铬、汞、铅的富集系数均最大,水葱地上部分对金属锌的富集系数最大。(3)5种湿地植物对重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的转移系数差异显著,其中扁秆藨草对土壤中镉、铬、铅、锌的转移系数均为最大,对铬和锌的转移系数均大于1,长苞香蒲对铬的转移系数大于1,仅次于扁秆藨草。其他3种植物对5种重金属的转移系数均小于1。研究表明,5种湿地植物对重金属Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Zn都有富集和转移的能力,但不同植物对不同重金属的富集效果不同。     

鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)对镉污染农田的修复潜力

为探究富集植物鬼针草对镉(Cd)污染农田土壤的修复潜力,通过野外调查,原土盆栽试验和田间试验,测定鬼针草及其根系土壤Cd含量,计算鬼针草的富集系数和去除率。结果表明,野外调查中不同铅锌矿区生长的鬼针草叶片中Cd含量最大值为53.3 mg/kg。盆栽试验中,低浓度Cd土壤处理(T1),鬼针草地上部Cd的富集系数为4.70,转运系数1.59,大于1。高浓度Cd土壤处理(T2 13.4 mg/kg),其地上部Cd积累量达到43.1 mg/kg,其地上部Cd富集系数为3.51。鬼针草对Cd表现出稳定的积累特性。田间试验小区中,土壤Cd含量均值为2.66 mg/kg,鬼针草中地上部Cd含量均值为10.9 mg/kg,富集系数为4.16,使用鬼针草修复Cd污染土壤每公顷地种植一茬鬼针草的去除率为4.3%—6.2%。使用富集植物鬼针草修复农田Cd污染具有较好的工程应用前景。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.