三种杀虫剂亚致死浓度对川硬皮肿腿蜂繁殖和搜寻行为的影响

在实验室条件下通过药膜法研究了3种杀虫剂对川硬皮肿腿蜂Sclerodermus sichuanensis Xiao成蜂的毒力和对繁殖的亚致死效应,并采用EthoVision3.1行为仪分析了杀虫剂对其搜寻行为的影响.结果表明,川硬皮肿腿蜂对啶虫脒最敏感,致死中浓度LC50和亚致死浓度LC10分别为7.71和4.46 mg/L,其次为吡虫啉(11.22和6.68 mg/L)和功夫菊酯(27.72和9.36 mg/L).经啶虫脒、吡虫啉和功夫菊酯亚致死浓度(LC10)处理的肿腿蜂,亲代、F1和F2代的寄生成功率均受到抑制;经功夫菊酯处理的肿腿蜂,亲代单蜂产卵量显著增加(P＜0.05);经啶虫脒和吡虫啉肿腿蜂,亲代的出蜂率没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但对F1代影响显著(P＜0.05).经啶虫脒和吡虫啉亚致死浓度(LC10)处理的肿腿蜂搜寻行为变弱.结果表明,功夫菊酯对川硬皮肿腿蜂较安全;啶虫脒和吡虫啉对川硬皮肿腿蜂的繁殖和搜寻行为影响较大.研究结果对评估3种药剂对川硬皮肿腿蜂的安全性,为指导合理用药,协调化学防治和生物防治提供科学依据.     

高效氯氰菊酯对小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性、敏感种群的亚致死效应

在实验室条件下研究了高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量LC10 (43.44 mg/L)(小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性种群)和LC10( 12.61 mg/L)(敏感种群)对小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性(AV - R)、敏感(AV -S)种群的亚致死效应.结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量12.61 mg/L处理小菜蛾阿维菌素敏感、抗性种群3龄幼虫后,...     

单宁酸对淡色库蚊抗氰戊菊酯品系和敏感品系幼虫生长发育的影响

单宁酸是一种植物次生代谢物, 为探索其用于蚊幼虫防治的可能性,在室内测定了其对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens抗氰戊菊酯品系和敏感品系1～4龄幼虫的毒性,并观察了其对存活幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,淡色库蚊敏感品系幼虫对单宁酸的敏感性比抗氰戊菊酯品系的要高,1～4龄幼虫分别高6.4、4.9、4.7和2.0倍。4个龄期幼虫中,无论是敏感品系还是抗氰戊菊酯品系,均是1龄幼虫对单宁酸的敏感性最高,3龄幼虫最低。在1 000 mg/L单宁酸持续作用下,敏感品系和抗氰戊菊酯品系各龄幼虫的存活率,均随处理时间延长而降低。与对照相比,饲养在100 mg/L～500 mg/L单宁酸溶液中的存活幼虫发育历期延长,敏感品系和抗氰戊菊酯品系发育历期分别延长了34.5～38.3 h和59.2～93.4 h。其中,125 mg/L浓度处理的敏感品系1～4龄幼虫,其发育历期与对照的差异达到了显著水平(P<0.05);抗性品系则在250 mg/L作用下也达到了差异显著水平(P<0.05)。但100～250 mg/L单宁酸处理淡色库蚊抗氰戊菊酯品系和敏感品系1龄幼虫,对其存活幼虫的化蛹率、羽化率和成虫性比均无显著影响。表明单宁酸对淡色库蚊幼虫的影响主要是延迟其生长发育,且影响程度与蚊虫对氰戊菊酯的敏感性有关。     

氰氟虫腙对小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性和敏感种群的亚致死效应(英文)

在实验室条件下采用生命表技术研究了氰氟虫腙亚致死剂量（LC₂₅）对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella阿维菌素抗性（AV-R）和敏感（AV-S）种群的亚致死效应, 旨在为小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性治理提供理论基础。结果表明： 氰氟虫腙对小菜蛾3龄幼虫抗性种群的LC₅₀和LC₂₅分别为0.24 mg/L和0.09 mg/L; 对敏感种群的LC₅₀和LC₂₅分别为0.20 mg/L和0.07 mg/L。氰氟虫腙亚致死剂量0.09 mg/L 处理小菜蛾后, 对处理代的影响表现为显著降低处理种群的化蛹率、 蛹重、 羽化率、 繁殖力; 明显延长蛹期, 缩短成虫产卵期和寿命; 对子代种群的影响表现为显著降低卵的孵化率、 幼虫各龄期的存活率, 延长发育历期。处理种群的内禀增长率（r_m）、 周限增长率（λ）和净增值率（R₀）显著低于对照种群（P<0.0001）。亚致死剂量的氰氟虫腙对小菜蛾抗性种群的影响大于敏感种群, 对处理代种群的影响大于子代种群。氰氟虫腙亚致死剂量可以极大地影响小菜蛾尤其是阿维菌素抗性种群的种群动态, 因此氰氟虫腙对于小菜蛾的抗性治理具有积极的作用。     

高效氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒对螟黄赤眼蜂繁殖的亚致死效应

螟黄赤眼蜂 Trichogramma chilonis是害虫生物防治中一种重要的卵寄生蜂,其在防治害虫的同时,也会受到田间杀虫剂的影响。本研究选择高效氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒亚致死剂量,以两性生命表法计算种群参数,揭示了这两种药剂亚致死剂量对该种群生长、繁殖的影响。试验测定了高效氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒对螟黄赤眼蜂的亚致死剂量LC20值分别为0.119和1.091 mg/L。研究结果显示,经亚致死浓度LC20的啶虫脒处理后,螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生卵量显著低于对照（P<0.05）,寿命(1.17 d)显著缩短,种群参数（内禀增长率 rm、周限增长率λ、净生殖力R0和世代平均历期T）均低于对照,其中净生殖力R0（27.573）显著低于对照（P<0.05）。经亚致死剂量LC20的高效氯氰菊酯处理后,螟黄赤眼蜂的单雌产卵量显著高于对照(P<0.05)。试验结果表明高效氯氰菊酯的亚致死剂量对螟黄赤眼蜂的增殖有一定的刺激作用,而亚致死剂量的啶虫脒则会影响螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生能力,在螟黄赤眼蜂盛发期,田间施用啶虫脒时,应注意其残留量对螟黄赤眼蜂的影响。     

三种农药亚致死剂量对椰甲截脉姬小蜂功能反应的影响

测定了氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒和椰甲清3种杀虫剂亚致死剂量对椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarumBoucˇek寄生椰心叶甲Brontispa logissima(Gestro)功能反应的影响。结果表明:亚致死剂量杀虫剂没有改变椰甲截脉姬小蜂功能反应模型的基本结构,但影响到了模型的各项参数。药剂处理后椰甲截脉姬小蜂的最大日捕食量降低,处理猎物时间延长,搜寻效应减弱。氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒的处理后瞬时攻击率减小,但椰甲清处理后瞬时攻击率高于对照。可见,在亚致死剂量下,氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒对椰甲截脉姬小蜂的寄生作用存在不良影响,椰甲清(30%杀虫单+15%啶虫脒)可提高其瞬时攻击率但减弱其搜索效应。     

球形芽孢杆菌对致倦库蚊的后致死作用

研究了球形芽孢杆菌Bacillus sphaericus C3-41菌株对致倦库蚊Culex quinquefasciatus幼虫的毒力及其后致死作用。生物测定表明,该菌株对目标蚊幼虫具有很高的毒力,其丙酮粉剂对3～4龄幼虫48 h的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)为(6.92±0.22) μg/L。用不同亚致死浓度处理2～3龄致倦库蚊幼虫,存活幼虫在后期发育中存在明显的延续死亡和损伤现象,经LC₃₀、LC₅₀、LC₇₀、LC₉₀和LC₉₈剂量的C3.41粉剂处理的致倦库蚊羽化前的总死亡率分别为84%、91%、95%、97%和100%,同时存活的幼虫、蛹和成蚊的发育和行为也受到一定的影响。这种后致死作用随处理浓度的升高而增强,可能同球形芽孢杆菌毒素蛋白对处理期间蚊幼虫中肠上皮细胞造成的损伤相关。     

冬青油与肉桂油对淡色库蚊的生物活性

为进一步明确冬青油（wintergreen oil）与肉桂油（cinnamon oil）对蚊虫的生物活性, 本研究采用浸液法、 “Y”型嗅觉仪法和密闭三角瓶熏蒸法, 分别测定了两种精油对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens幼虫的毒杀作用以及对成虫的驱避和熏杀活性。结果显示： 肉桂油和冬青油对淡色库蚊幼虫均具有较强的毒杀作用, 处理24 h的LC₅₀分别为71.87 mg/L和 102.83 mg/L。在0.5 μL的供试剂量下, 冬青油与肉桂油在20 min内对淡色库蚊的驱避率均在80%以上, 显示了较好的驱蚊活性。冬青油对淡色库蚊具有明显的熏蒸击倒作用, 12 μL/L浓度下的KT₅₀为3.97 min; 而肉桂油则具有较好的熏蒸致死活性, 熏蒸5 h的LC₅₀ 为0.31 μL/L。冬青油与肉桂油按1∶1体积比混配后对淡色库蚊表现出较好的击倒和致死效果。冬青油和肉桂油既对淡色库蚊幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用, 又对淡色库蚊雌成虫表现出较好的驱避和熏杀活性, 具有开发成为植物源蚊虫防控剂的潜力。     

溴虫氟苯双酰胺对草地贪夜蛾的亚致死效应

为明确溴虫氟苯双酰胺对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的亚致死效应,采用点滴法测定溴虫氟苯双酰胺对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的室内毒力及亚致死剂量溴虫氟苯双酰胺(LD₁₅和LD₃₀)对草地贪夜蛾生物学特性的影响,同时测定了亚致死剂量(LD₁₅、LD₃₀)和半致死剂量(LD₅₀)溴虫氟苯双酰胺对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫体内解毒酶(GST、EST、MFO)、保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,溴虫氟苯双酰胺对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫具有良好的触杀活性,LD₅₀值为0.50μg/g。亚致死剂量(LD₁₅和LD₃₀)溴虫氟苯双酰胺处理草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫后,幼虫存活率显著下降,较对照分别下降了6.7%和32.88%;LD₃₀处理的成虫畸形率(8.33%)较对照(1.75%)显著升高,产卵前期(3.31 d)较对照(2.88 d)显著延长。溴虫氟苯双酰胺3个不同剂量(LD_15...     

亚致死浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺可降低亚洲玉米螟的种群增长

为了探讨氯虫苯甲酰胺对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的抗性风险评估, 为科学使用氯虫苯甲酰胺防治亚洲玉米螟提供理论基础, 本研究在实验室条件下采用饲料混毒法测定了新型杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺对亚洲玉米螟的毒力, 利用生命表技术研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺对亚洲玉米螟 3龄幼虫的亚致死效应。结果表明： 氯虫苯甲酰胺对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的LC₁₀, LC₄₀ 和LC₅₀分别为0.038, 0.098 和0.123 mg a. i. /L。以氯虫苯甲酰胺LC₁₀和LC₄₀剂量分别处理亚州玉米螟3龄幼虫后, 幼虫和蛹的发育历期明显延长, 成虫寿命缩短, 产卵量也显著降低, 但对蛹重（雌： P=0.337, 雄： P=0.121）、卵孵化率（P=0.087）和性比（P=0.379）无显著影响。处理种群的净增值率（R₀）、内禀增长率（r_m）和周限增长率（λ）显著低于对照种群（P<0.0001）。结果提示, 氯虫苯甲酰胺的亚致死浓度可降低亚洲玉米螟的种群增长。     

LETHAL AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF ACETAMIPRID ON THE LARVAE OF CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS

Abstract Acetamiprid is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide invented by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. To explore the possibility of acetamiprid as larvicide of mosquitoes, lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were studied by immersion method in the laboratory. The results indicated that the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were sensitive to acetamiprid. The mortality of larvae peaked at 72 h after treatment. The 1 st instar larvae was the most susceptible to acetamiprid, and the 4th instar larvae was the most tolerant to acetamiprid, the LC, values were 0. 020 mg/L and 0. 296 mg/L at 72 h after treatment, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid could delay the development of larvae and decrease the weight of pupa. We suggested that acetarniprid is a safe and effective substitute for the using larvicides of mosquitoes.     

EVALUATION OF EXTRACTS FROM BAMBOO FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS

Abstract The extracts from 7 species of bamboo were tested for larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens . At the tested concentration, the extracts of selected bamboo had different degree of toxic effects on the fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens . Among them, the extracts of Pleioblastus juxianensis, Brachystachyum albostriatum, Phyllostachys platyglossa and Pleioblastus amarus were found to be effective with LC₅₀values at 24 h of 30.65 mg/L, 53.94 mg/L, 41.21 mg/L and 54.49 mg/L respectively, against Culex pipiens pallens larvae. The extract of Pleioblastus juxianensis by Soxhlet method showed stronger activity than the extract obtained by interval-shaking, the LC₅₀ of which were 30.65 mg/L and 48.34 mg/L, respectively. The diethyl ether extract of Pleioblastus juxianensis exhibited better larvicidal activity than the methanol extract and the petroleum ether extract. The results would help to provide the basis for the study of environment acceptable pesticide for mosquito control, and also help to comprehensively utilize the source of bamboo.     

竹提取物对淡色库蚊Culexpipienspallens幼虫的活性评价(英文)

报道了竹提取物对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens幼虫的毒杀作用。研究结果表明,巨县苦竹(Pleioblastus juxianensis)、白纹短穗竹(Brachystachyum albostriatum)、灰水竹(Phyllostachysplatyglossa)和苦竹(Pleioblastus amarus)提取物对淡色库蚊幼虫的24h致死中浓度(LC50)分别为30.65mg／L、53.94 mg／L、41.21mg／L、54.49mg／L。巨县苦竹索氏抽提物对淡色库蚊幼虫的毒杀作用明显强于间歇振荡提取物,前者对淡色库蚊幼虫的LC50为30.65 mg／L,95％置信限27.12~34.63 mg／L;后者的LC50为48.34 mg／L,95％置信限为40.37~59.62 mg／L。巨县苦竹乙醚浸提物对淡色库蚊幼虫的毒杀作用效果显著,125mg／L浓度时12h校正死亡率为56.67％,24h后达92.90％;石油醚浸提物及甲醇浸提物对淡色库蚊幼虫的毒杀作用则不明显, 24h校正死亡率均不超过40％。研究结果将有助于综合利用竹类资源,开发新型环境友好农药。     

Cloning and overexpression of CYP6F1, a cytochrome P450 gene, from deltamethrin-resistant Culex pipiens pallens

CYP6F1 (GenBank/EMBL accession No. AY662654), a novel gene with a complete encoding sequence in the cytochrome P450 family 6, was cloned and sequenced from deltamethrin-resistant 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. The cDNA sequence of CYP6F1 has an open reading frame of 1527 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 508 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of CYP6F1 indicated that the encoded P450 has conserved domains of a putative membrane-anchoring signal,putative reductase-binding sites, a typical heme-binding site, an ETLR motif and substrate recognition sites.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the CYP6F1 gene was expressed to a greater extent in the deltamethrin-resistant strain than in the susceptible strain of Cx. pipiens pallens. The expression levels of the CYP6F1 gene in the deltamethrin-resistant 1 st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larvae and adult female mosquitoes differed, with highest expression levels in the 4th instar larvae. In addition, the CYP6F1 gene was stably expressed in mosquito C6/36 cells, and the expected 61.2 kDa band was identified by Western blotting. The cells transfected with CYP6F1 had an increased resistance to deltamethrin as compared with control cells.These results indicate that CYP6F1 is expressed at higher levels in the deltamethrin-resistant strain, and may confer some insecticide resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens.     

Cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase A3 (proPOA3) from Culex pipiens pallens

The prophenoloxidase subunit A3 (proPOA3) gene was cloned from Culex pipiens pallens, which had an open reading frame of 2061 bp encoding a putative 686 amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 98% with proPOA3 from Culex quinquefasciatus. ProPOA3 is expressed at all developmental stages of C. pipiens pallens. Significant negative correlation was observed between proPOA3 expression and deltamethrin resistance in resistant C. pipiens pallens. Furthermore, proPOA3 expression levels were significantly lower in deltamethrin-resistant mosquitoes than in susceptible mosquitoes collected at four locations in Eastern China. However, we did not find any substantial change in proPOA3 expression in field-collected resistant Anopheles mosquitoes. Moreover, overexpressing proPOA3 in C6/36 cells led to more sensitivity to deltamethrin treatment. In laboratory and field-collected resistant C. pipiens pallens, a valine to isoleucine mutation (769G>A) and two synonymous mutations (1116G>C and 1116G>A) were identified in proPOA3. In addition, the mutation frequency of 769G>A and 1116G>C increased gradually, which corresponded with raised deltamethrin resistance levels. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that proPOA3 may play a role in the regulation of deltamethrin-resistance in C. pipiens pallens.     

在无杀虫剂压力下淡色库蚊的抗性稳定性研究(英文)

本文对淡色库蚊（Ｃｕｌｅｘ ｐｉｐｉｅｎｓ ｐａｌｌｅｎｓ Ｃｏｑｕｉｌｌｅｔｔ）的毒死蜱抗性品系、抗一敏杂交品系及抗性酯酶Ｂ_２纯合品系在无杀虫剂压力选择下的抗性水平变化进行了研究。结果表明,在毒死蜱抗性品系中,抗性水平逐代下降,ＬＣ_（５０）从Ｆ_０代的０．２０９９ｍｇ／Ｌ快速降至Ｆ_８代的０．０２６２ｍｇ／Ｌ,然后继续缓慢地降至Ｆ_（１６）代的０．０２０７ｍｇ／Ｌ。从毒死蜱抗性品系中的这种抗性水平下降,可以推断该品系中并不是纯的高抗性酯酶基因扩增个体,在传代中抗性个体的比例由于其生物学方面的不适应性而逐步减少。本研究中的抗性品系与敏感品系的杂交群体的抗性变化趋势也证实了这种推理。在纯的抗性酯酶Ｂ_２基因扩增品系中,抗性水平则在后代中基本上保持稳定,并且所有的个体抗性水平和酯酶活力水平更趋集中。本文进一步对蚊虫抗性的演替进行了讨论。     

光活化杀虫剂α-三噻吩的电子自旋共振分析及其对库蚊保护酶系统活性的影响

以淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens为试材,初步进行了典型光活化杀虫剂α-三噻吩（α-T）的电子自旋共振（ESR）分析,并研究其对昆虫保护酶系统的影响。ESR分析表明,近紫外光和药剂α-T均可促进活性氧自由基浓度升高,且两者具有协同关系,近紫外光能显著促进α-T增加自由基的作用,处理3 h时试虫自由基总浓度增加了99.6%。近紫外光和药剂α-T对保护酶系统的影响随酶的种类而有所不同,但在近紫外光存在的条件下,α-T对超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活体活性均有抑制作用,且光照3 h时,抑制作用最强。