一组优势菌对焦化废水中吲哚、吡啶的降解条件的实验研究

从普通变形杆菌BH、芽孢杆菌DC4 5、巨大芽孢杆菌F3、枯草芽孢杆菌DC4 2等 4种脱色菌中 ,经驯化、筛选出普通变形杆菌BH、芽孢杆菌DC4 5两株降解苯酚、吲哚、吡啶、喹啉的优势菌。其中普通变形杆菌BH降解吡啶的适宜条件是 :温度 30～ 4 5℃ ,pH 7～ 8,投加适量Pb2 + ;芽孢杆菌DC4 5降解吲哚的适宜条件是 :温度 2 0～ 5 0℃ ,pH 6～ 8,投加适量Zn2 + ,Fe2 + 。     

一株纤维素降解菌的分离、鉴定及产酶条件初步研究

目的:筛选具有纤维素降解能力的菌株.方法:在广州近郊自然环境取样,利用CMC固体平板筛选具有纤维素降解能力的茵株.结果:分离获得1株纤维素降解能力较强的菌株OY-01.该菌株最适生长温度和pH分别为35℃和6.0-7.0.形态学观察、生理生化和28S rDNA序列分析表明该菌株属于烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus).结论:菌株OY-01被鉴定为烟曲霉,其最适产酶条件为:氮源为硫酸铵,浓度0.15%,温度为35℃,初始pH6.0-7.0,培养48-60h,Aspergillus fumigatus OY-01具有一定的工业应用潜力.     

氯嘧磺隆降解菌株LW-3的分离及生物学特性研究

从长期受氯嘧磺隆污染的土壤中分离到一株氯嘧磺隆高效降解菌株,命名为LW-3,菌株LW-3可以氯嘧磺隆为唯一氮源生长,接种量为2%时,50 mg/L氯嘧磺隆经过7 d,降解率达70%～80%.生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将菌株LW-3归属于假单胞茵属(Pseudomonas sp.);菌株的适宜降解条件为;温度30℃～35℃,pH 6.5～7.2,pH对菌株LW-3降解氯嘧磺隆有明显地影响.     

一株苯酚降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性

本研究采用逐量分批驯化的方法,从造纸废水中分离得到一株能够以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的苯酚降解菌株F5-1.经形态观察、生理生化特性鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为克雷伯菌(Klebsie-lla sp.).该菌株能够在7 h时完全降解初始浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚,降解苯酚主要发生在生长对数期;在pH 5.0～9.0,NaCl浓度0～80 g/L,温度20～40℃范围内,菌株F5-1均可有效降解初始浓度为100～1 200 mg/L的苯酚;能够耐受的最大苯酚浓度为1 500 mg/L.本研究结果表明,F5-1菌株对处理环境条件复杂的含酚废水具有潜在的应用前景.     

一株DDT降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性的初步研究

从DDT污染的土壤中筛选具有DDT降解能力的细菌,经过富集培养、分离纯化得到56株细菌,将其接种到基础盐酵母培养基,7d后用紫外分光光度计法初筛得到降解率较高的一株菌,编号为D-1.通过16S rDNA序列分析结合传统分类学方法确定该菌为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)的一株茵.对菌体降解DDT的特性的研究表明,在培养温度为3℃,底物质量浓度为40 mg/L, pH 7.0,摇床转速为200 r/min的条件下,该菌株对DDT降解10d的降解率为69.0%.     

底泥中芘高效降解菌株的富集分离及特性研究

从辽河流域浑河沈阳段采集底泥样品,利用吸附性载体,以芘为唯一碳源,筛选到一株芘高效降解菌F8,根据形态。生理生化特性及测序结果鉴定该菌为产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes sp.)。对菌株F8降解率进行测定,结果表明,菌株F8在32℃振荡培养条件下,7d后对50 mg·L~(-1)的芘降解率为62.75%,芘的降解与细菌浓度的增长呈正相关关系?通过对其培养条件优化,确定其生长的最适温度和pH分别为36℃和6.5。对菌株F8在重金属离子胁迫下的生长研究发现,Cd~(2+)对菌株F8有毒性;Zn~(2+)对菌株有一定的抑制作用;Cu~(2+)对菌株生长影响很小。研究了植物-微生物联合修复作用,结果显示水稻促进了菌株F8对芘的降解,使降解率增加了11.85%。     

DDT降解菌株Chryseobacterium sp. PYR2对小麦的促生作用及其机理

【背景】前期结果表明,DDT降解菌株Chryseobacterium sp. PYR2可高效去除土壤中的DDT等污染物,具有潜在的应用价值,但该菌对植物的影响尚不清楚。【目的】探讨菌株Chryseobacterium sp. PYR2对植物的促生作用及其机理,为后续开发DDT降解及植物促生双效功能菌剂提供理论依据。【方法】配制该菌株的不同梯度稀释菌悬液,用纸卷发芽法和盆栽法研究菌悬液对小麦种子萌发和植株生长的影响;Salkowski法测定PYR2合成吲哚-3-乙酸(Indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)量;单因素实验研究不同培养条件对菌株生长及IAA合成的影响;液相色谱-串联质谱-多反应监测(LC-MS/MS-MRM)方法分析IAA在PYR2菌体内的生物合成途径。【结果】PYR2菌悬液可明显提高小麦种子萌发率并促进小麦植株的生长,小麦的侧根数、株高、鲜重、干重等指标均明显提高。该作用是由于菌株PYR2可以合成植物生长激素IAA。最适IAA合成条件:温度30°C,pH 7.0-8.0,盐浓度0.5%,L-色氨酸50mg/L。代谢液中检测到色醇、色胺和吲哚-3-乙酰胺3种中间代谢产物,推测PYR2体内存在3条IAA合成途径,分别为吲哚-3-丙酮酸(IPy A)、TAM和IAM途径。【结论】菌株PYR2对小麦具有明显的促生效果,是由于其具有多条高效合成IAA的代谢途径,表明其在农药污染土壤的生物修复及作物种植中具有潜在的应用前景。     

一株新型产淀粉酶中度嗜热菌的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

用稀释分离法从广西象州温泉筛选分离到一株可水解淀粉的中度嗜热细菌GXS1,该茵株革兰氏染色为阳性,端生芽孢,细胞呈杆状,最适生长温度为60℃～65℃,最适生长pH为6.0～7.0.结合生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该茵株为Geobacillus sp.GXS1.对该茵所产高温淀粉酶的性质研究表明:酶的...     

突变根瘤菌能成倍提高固氮能力

据称,突变根瘤菌已被一些农民用来接种大豆。通过一些实验室试验证明,该突变株几乎能成倍增加大豆的固氮能力,并促进根瘤的生长。美国农业部北方地区研究中心(皮奥里亚, 伊利诺斯州)的Tsuneo Kaneshiro发现,大豆根瘤菌的突变株能降解氨基酸(色氨酸),便能产生吲哚基乙酸和吲哚丙酮酸。Kaneshiro说,高浓度的吲哚基乙酸似乎能刺激根和植株的生长,并说,对吲哚基乙酸的活力还不了解。Kaneshiro强调指出,大豆根瘤菌和植株之     

柴油降解菌的筛选及降解能力研究

从修造船业周围油污污染土样中分离纯化出9株以柴油为唯一碳源的高效降解菌,其中2~#菌为微球菌属,确定为优势菌株,其降解率高达到65.7%;分析了接种量、柴油浓度、pH、温度、转速对2~#微球菌降解柴油的影响.结果表明,该菌株最适宜生长条件接种量为1.0ml/L、柴油浓度为1.4g/L、pH7.0、温度为35℃、转速为160 r/min.     

植酸酶高产菌株的诱变选育

无花果曲霉是一种可以产植酸酶的菌株,其代谢产物植酸酶可以将有机植酸磷降解为无机磷。以此菌株为出发菌株,确定了它的最适pH值为1.3~1.4,最适温度为55~60℃。同时,为获得高酶活的突变株,进行亚硝基胍和紫外线处理,经初筛得到99株高效突变株,再经复筛和传代试验,得到1株植酸酶活性是出发菌株2.47倍的突变株NTG-23。     

Formation of indigo and related compounds from indolecarboxylic acids by aromatic acid-degrading bacteria: chromogenic reactions for cloning genes encoding dioxygenases that act on aromatic acids.

The p-cumate-degrading strain Pseudomonas putida F1 and the m- and p-toluate-degrading strain P. putida mt-2 transform indole-2-carboxylate and indole-3-carboxylate to colored products identified here as indigo, indirubin, and isatin. A mechanism by which these products could be formed spontaneously following dioxygenase-catalyzed dihydroxylation of the indolecarboxylates is proposed. Indolecarboxylates were employed as chromogenic substrates for identifying recombinant bacteria carrying genes encoding p-cumate dioxygenase and toluate dioxygenase. Dioxygenase gene-carrying bacteria could be readily distinguished as dark green-blue colonies among other colorless recombinant Escherichia coli colonies on selective agar plates containing either indole-2-carboxylate or indole-3-carboxylate.     

大熊猫肠道纤维素分解菌的分离鉴定及产酶性质

【目的】从健康大熊猫新鲜粪便中分离具有纤维素酶活性的菌株,并对其进行菌种鉴定及产酶性质研究。【方法】利用羧甲基纤维素钠培养基分离纯化具有较高纤维素酶活性的菌株,根据形态学特征、生理生化特性以及16S rDNA分析对其进行分类鉴定,研究影响该菌株纤维素酶的产酶条件,以及对不同纤维素底物的降解情况。【结果】分离得到一株纤维素酶产生菌株P2,该菌株为好氧的革兰氏阳性细菌,生长温度范围20-50℃(最适温度37℃),pH范围6.0-9.0(最适pH7.0),NaCl浓度范围0%-15%(最适2%NaCl),培养24h达到产酶高峰。16S rDNA基因序列分析显示,菌株P2与解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)NBRC15535相似性为99.66%。该菌株对四种纤维素底物(滤纸、脱脂棉、秸秆、竹纤维)均有不同程度的降解,内切葡聚糖酶、外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和总酶活具有不同的酶活变化。【结论】本研究首次从大熊猫粪便中分离出了好氧纤维素分解菌,并鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌,对上述四种纤维结构均有一定的破坏和分解作用,为进一步研究大熊猫竹纤维消化机制提供了菌源。     

Cometabolic degradation of dibenzofuran by Comamonas sp. MQ

In this study, strain MQ belonging to the genera Comamonas was used to cometabolically degrade dibenzofuran (DBF) with naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzene, toluene, biphenyl and nitrobenzene, respectively, for the first time. Strain MQ could cometabolically degrade DBF in the growing system using naphthalene as a substrate and the K_i value of strain MQ on naphthalene and DBF was 90.26 mg L^?1 and 68.34 mg L^?1, respectively. The degradation rate of DBF by naphthalene-cultivated strain MQ cells (0.080 mmol L^?1 h^?1) was 1.05, 1.11, 1.13, 1.18 and 1.27-fold higher than that cultivated by phenanthrene, benzene, toluene, biphenyl and nitrobenzene, respectively. Examination of metabolites indicated that naphthalene-cultivated strain MQ cells degraded DBF to 2-hydroxy-4-(3′-oxo-3′H-benzofuran-2′-yliden)but-2-enoic acid (HOBB) and subsequently to salicylic acid via the lateral dioxygenation and meta cleavage pathway. In contrast, biphenyl-cultivated strain MQ cells degraded DBF to monohydroxydibenzofuran through the lateral dioxygenation without meta cleavage pathway. These results suggested that strain MQ could be useful in the bioremediation of environments contaminated by heterocyclic compounds mixtures with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

一株降烟碱细菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性研究

以烟碱为唯一碳源,从湖南张家界烟草种植地的土壤中分离得到一株降解烟碱能力较好的菌株。经常规形态观察和生理生化实验结果表明,该菌为放射形土壤杆菌或根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter／tumefaciens)。研究表明,该菌的降解烟碱最适pH和温度分别为7.0和30℃。该菌能够利用烟碱为唯一碳源,在含烟碱的培养基中发酵液呈淡黄色-绿色-墨绿色-深综色变化,培养48h后,烟碱的降解率可达71%,具有较好的烟草工业应用前景。     

嗜热厌氧纤维素分解菌的分离、鉴定及其酶学特性

【目的】分离高效降解纤维素的嗜热厌氧菌,通过与嗜热产乙醇菌株联合培养的方式,为生产纤维素乙醇提供微生物资源。【方法】利用厌氧分离技术从降解纤维素的马粪富集物中分离到一株嗜热厌氧细菌HCp。采用形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、结合16S rDNA序列的系统发育学分析确定该菌株的分类地位,利用DNS酶活分析方法测定此分离菌株的酶学性质。【结果】分离菌株HCp革兰氏染色阴性,直杆,细胞单个或成对出现,菌体大小为(0.35-0.50)μm×(2.42-6.40)μm,严格厌氧,形成芽胞,能运动,对新霉素有一定的抗性。此菌能利用滤纸纤维素、纤维素粉、微晶纤维素、脱脂棉和水稻秸秆、明胶等,还可以利用葡萄糖、纤维二糖、木糖、木聚糖、果糖、蔗糖、核糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、山梨糖、海藻糖、蜜二糖、甘露糖等。该菌株在pH6.5-8.5、温度35-70℃、盐浓度0%-1.0%范围内利用纤维素生长,最适pH为6.85,最适温度为60℃,最适NaCl浓度为0.2%,最佳生长条件下,在10 d内滤纸纤维素降解率可达90.40%。在HCp的纤维小体中,滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、木聚糖酶的最适作用温度分别为70℃、70℃、70℃、60℃,并且羧甲基纤维素酶具有较高的热稳定性。部分长度的16S rDNA序列分析表明,分离菌株HCp与Acetivibrio cellulolyticus、A.cellulosolvens相似性为97.5%。【结论】分离菌株HCp是从马粪富集物中分离到的一株嗜热厌氧细菌,该菌具有较强的降解纤维素能力,生长温度范围广,酶的热稳定性好,纤维素底物利用广泛等特性,为纤维素降解产乙醇提供了良好的材料。     

A microcosm study on bioremediation of fenitrothion-contaminated soil using Burkholderia sp. FDS-1

Fenitrothion, a toxic organophosphorus pesticide, can build up the concentration of nitrophenolic compound in soils and hence needs to be removed. Burkholderia sp. FDS-1, a fenitrothion-degrading strain, was used in this work to study factors affecting its growth, and then evaluated for its capacity to degrade fenitrothion in soil microcosms. Minimal salt medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose was found to be a suitable carbon source for inoculum preparation. Various factors, including soil pH, temperature, initial fenitrothion concentration, and inoculum size influenced the degradation of fenitrothion. Microcosm studies performed with varying concentrations (1–200 mg kg⁻¹) of fenitrothion-spiked soils showed that strain FDS-1 could effectively degrade fenitrothion in the range of 1–50 mg kg⁻¹ soil. The addition of Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 at 2×10⁶ colony forming units g⁻¹ soil was found to be suitable for fenitrothion degradation over a temperature range of 20–40 °C and at a slight alkaline pH (7.5). The results indicate that strain FDS-1 has potential for use in bioremediation of fenitrothion and its metabolite-contaminated sites. This is a model study that could be used for decontamination of sites contaminated with other compounds.     

A fusant of Sphingomonas sp. GY2B and Pseudomonas sp. GP3A with high capacity of degrading phenanthrene

A fusant strain F14 with high biodegradation capability of phenanthrene was obtained by protoplast fusion between Sphingomonas sp. GY2B (GenBank DQ139343) and Pseudomonas sp. GP3A (GenBank EU233280). F14 was screened and identified from 39 random fusants by antibiotic tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The result of SEM analysis demonstrated that the cell shape of fusant F14 different from parental strains. RAPD analysis of 5 primers generated a total of 70 bands. The genetic similarity indices between F14 and parental strains GY2B and GP3A were 27.9 and 34.6 %, respectively. F14 could rapidly degrade phenanthrene within 24 h, and the degradation efficiency was much better than GY2B and GP3A. GC–MS analysis of metabolites of phenanthrene degradation indicated F14 had a different degradation pathway from GY2B. Furthermore, the fusant strain F14 had a wider adaptation of temperatures (25–36 °C) and pH values (6.5–9.0) than GY2B. The present study indicated that fusant strain F14 could be an effective and environment-friendly bacterial strain for PAHs bioremediation.     

Isolation,identification of sludge-lysing strain and its utilization in thermophilic aerobic digestion for waste activated sludge

A strain of sludge-lysing bacteria was isolated from waste activated sludge (WAS) in this study. The result of 16S rRNA gene analysis demonstrated that it was a species of new genus Brevibacillus (named Brevibacillus sp. KH3). The strain could release the protease with molecule weight of about 40 kDa which could enhance the efficiency of sludge thermophilic aerobic digestion. During the sterilized sludge digestion experiment inoculated with Brevibacillus sp. KH3, the maximum protease activity was 0.41 U/ml at pH 8 and 50 °C, and maximum TSS removal ratio achieved 32.8% after 120 h digestion at pH 8 and 50 °C. In the case of un-sterilized sludge digestion inoculated with Brevibacillus sp. KH3, TSS removal ratio in inoculated-group was 54.8%, increasing at 11.86% compared with un-inoculation (46.2%). The result demonstrated that inoculation of Brevibacillus sp. KH3 could help to degrade the EPS and promote the collapse of cells and inhibit the growth of certain kinds of microorganisms. It indicated that Brevibacillus sp. KH3 strain had a high potential to enhance WAS-degradation efficiency in thermophilic aerobic digestion.     

耐温性L-谷氨酸发酵菌种的选育

应用基因组改组技术提高,L-谷氨酸生产菌在高温发酵条件下的谷氨酸产量。以天津短杆菌T6—13变异株SW07-1为原始亲株,分别经紫外线（UV）-硫酸二乙酯（DES）和X射线诱变,获得5株耐温性能略有提高的突变菌株。经2轮基因组改组,获得耐高温（能在44℃生长）的L-谷氨酸菌株F2-50。F2—50在38℃下,摇瓶发酵40h,发酵液中L-谷氨酸浓度比原始出发菌株提高了近41％,在41℃高温下,摇瓶发酵40h,L-谷氨酸浓度比原始出发菌株提高了近2倍。