采用pHsh载体克隆与表达N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱乙酰基酶基因

利用质粒pHsh为表达载体,构建高效表达N-乙酰鸟氨酸脱乙酰基酶的基因工程菌E.coli DH10B/argE-pHsh.为提高酶活并降低生产成本,优化了诱导条件.结果表明:NAOase可在pHsh系统中高活性表达,诱导起始OD600为0.6,在空气摇床中42℃热激诱导5h重组菌比酶活达到152U/mL.     

豆豉纤溶酶基因在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达及纯化(英文)

豆豉纤溶酶是从豆豉中发现的新型纤溶酶.从枯草杆菌DC-12中提取总DNA,PCR法扩增pro-DFE基因.将pro-DFE基因插入载体pET-32a,构建表达质粒pET-pro-DFE,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),对重组菌株进行变温诱导表达,重组菌株于37℃培养至OD600为0.6时,加入终浓度为0.4mmol/L的IPTG于24℃进行诱导,SDS-PAGE显示可溶性重组融合蛋白约占重组蛋白的60%.且少量融合重组蛋白发生自切割,形成成熟的豆豉纤溶酶,破菌上清中含有成熟的豆豉溶栓酶,纤溶活性为200IU/mL.重组酶经纯化后比酶活为1280IU/mg.     

Lactobacillus casei磷脂酶A_2基因在大肠杆菌中的重组表达

以Lactobacillus casei染色体基因组为模板,PCR扩增获得磷脂酶A2基因pla2,以pET-28a(+)为载体构建重组表达质粒pET-28a(+)-pla2。通过IPTG诱导实现磷脂酶A2在E.coli DE3中的重组表达。对诱导条件初步优化后,重组菌酶活最大可达2.8 U/mL。通过Ni-螯合柱对目的蛋白进行纯化,SDS-PAGE分析重组磷脂酶A2相对分子质量为1.7×104。通过酶学性质分析,最适温度为37℃,最适pH 8,比酶活为110 U/mg。     

盐芥ThMSD基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及特性研究

超氧化物歧化酶(SODs)是真核生物中广泛存在的含金属抗氧化酶,包括Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD 3种.植物线粒体中的Mn-SOD在植物抗逆中发挥重要作用.ThMSD是前期工作中从极度抗逆植物盐芥中克隆到的Mn-SOD编码基因.将ThMSD连接到原核表达载体pET30a(+),转化到BL21,获得重组菌BL21(pET30a-ThMSD).SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组菌在32kDa处有明显的诱导条带,与理论大小一致.Western blotting分析表明,诱导的条带能和抗His标签的单克隆抗体发生特异性反应.对3个重组子的可溶性全蛋白进行SOD活性分析,发现均高于空白对照菌.选择能大量表达ThMSD的重组子进行大量诱导表达,通过镍亲和层析纯化目的蛋白.对纯化的ThMSD重组蛋白进行热稳定性分析,结果表明,55℃下ThMSD仍有50％以上活性,42℃处理40 min后仍保持60％以上活性.在重组菌BL21(pET30a-ThMSD)对NaCl的抗性分析实验中,当培养基中盐浓度高于正常值时,在所测定阶段重组菌的生长速度均高于对照菌.可见,经原核表达的重组蛋白ThMSD具有较强的SOD活性及热稳定性,表达ThMSD基因的BL21菌株提高了对NaCl的耐受力.推测盐芥ThMSD基因与盐芥极强的抗逆性有密切联系.     

肠膜明串珠菌蔗糖磷酸化酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以肠膜明串珠菌基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到1 581 bp的蔗糖磷酸化酶(SPase)DNA片段.将该基因克隆到表达载体pET-22b(+)上,构建获得重组质粒pET-SPase.测序结果与GenBank上已公布的基因序列比较,有1个碱基发生变化,但该碱基的改变未引起氨基酸序列的改变.将pET-SPase转化到Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)感受态中,IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE分析,目的蛋白条带约为55 kD,与预期大小一致,结果表明SPase基因在大肠杆菌中进行了表达.酶活分析,产物的比活为1.8 U/mg,证明了表达产物具有预期的酶活性.进一步考察了IPTG浓度、诱导温度和时间等因素对重组菌表达的蔗糖磷酸化酶的影响.在优化条件下,该蔗糖磷酸化酶的比活可以达到16.6 U/mg,比优化表达条件前的酶比活提高了9.2倍,比已报道的肠膜明串殊菌粗酶液比活(7.1 U/mg)提高了2.34倍.     

嗜酸喜温硫杆菌硫加氧还原酶基因的克隆、表达及酶活性研究

旨为研究嗜酸喜温硫杆菌硫加氧还原酶的生化特性,以嗜酸喜温硫杆菌TST3的基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增出硫加氧还原酶基因(sor),构建了表达载体p ET-sor,转化到Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)后,获得了重组菌株E.coli BL21(p ET-sor2)。SDS-PAGE实验证明,经IPTG诱导,该重组菌可以表达目的蛋白SOR。对诱导条件进行优化,并在最优的条件下诱导SOR酶表达,再经超声波破碎重组菌,上清液通过Ni+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化获得重组酶,其催化氧化反应的比酶活、Km值和Vmax分别为0.70U/mg,15.672×10-2 g/m L和12.755×10-5 mol/(L·min),而催化的还原反应的比酶活、Km值和Vmax分别为2.21 U/mg,0.507×10-2g/m L和4.876×10-5 mol/(L·min)。     

Secretory expression of arginine deiminase in E.coli

将变形假单胞菌的精氨酸脱亚胺酶(ADI)编码基因arcA克隆至具有阿拉伯糖启动子的分泌型表达载体pBAD/gⅢ B中,经鉴定得到重组质粒pBAD-ADI.将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌TOP10F’后进行诱导表达,分别考察了不同诱导物L-arabinose浓度、诱导温度、诱导时间对重组蛋白表达的影响,最适诱导条件为L-arabinose浓度0.002％ (w/v),25℃下诱导5h,全细胞的酶活为68 mU/mL(指单位发酵液体积,下同).采用Osmotic Shock法使ADI从胞周质释放出来,经检测分泌到胞周质的重组蛋白活性为53 mU/mL,细胞内的酶活为34 mU/mL.SDS-PAGE分析显示,重组蛋白大小约为46 kD.     

一种来源于克劳氏芽孢杆菌的高碱性尿酸氧化酶的异源表达及重组酶性质分析

以碱性蛋白酶生产菌克劳氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus clausii)基因组DNA为模板PCR扩增获得尿酸氧化酶基因(BcU),插入原核表达载体pET28α中,构建表达载体pET-BcU,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)获得重组大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)/pET-BcU。经IPTG诱导,重组菌BL21(DE3)/pET-BcU表达出有活性的尿酸氧化酶,含空质粒的重组菌在同样条件下没有酶活。酶学性质分析显示,重组酶最适pH值为9.0,在pH值9.0～11范围内酶活几乎不变,是一种高碱性尿酸氧化酶。     

节杆菌A.pascens DMDC12锰超氧化物歧化酶基因的克隆和表达

利用PCR技术对自行筛选的高度耐盐节杆菌Arthrobacter pascensDMDC12中的超氧化物歧化酶基因进行克隆,获得了节杆菌A.pascensDMDC12的SOD新基因(GenBank收录号为DQ779150)。将该基因与原核表达质粒载体pET-22b( )连接,构建重组质粒pET-sodAP,将质粒转化至表达宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3),构建基因工程菌BL21/pET-sodAP。用异丙基硫代--βD-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导重组SOD蛋白表达,用酶活和SDS-PAGE分析表达产物,表达产物的相对分子质量为2.4×104,与sodAP推测的长度相同。表达目的蛋白占菌体可溶性蛋白的23%,比酶活达915.07 IU.mg-1,是对照菌株的8.73倍,具有较高的表达。本研究为进一步进行重组Mn-SOD的研究和应用奠定了基础。     

液化沙雷氏菌磷脂酶A1的克隆表达及乳糖自诱导发酵

为了利用大肠杆菌高效生产重组磷脂酶,克隆了液化沙雷氏菌磷脂酶A1的编码基因pla,分别使用pET-28a(+)和pET-20b(+)载体,实现了磷脂酶A1在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的功能表达.重组菌利用载体pET-28a(+)在原始信号肽的介导下胞外PLA1酶活达40.8 U/mL,占总酶活的91％.重组菌转接至优化后的发酵诱导培养基:蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母粉5g/L,葡萄糖0.8 g/L,乳糖5 g/L,25 mmol/L Na2HPO4,25 mmol/L KH2PO4和1 mmol/L MgSO4;菌体生长6h后,添加7.5 g/L的甘氨酸,37℃恒温发酵24 h,重组菌胞外PLA1酶活达到128.7 U/mL.     

羰基还原酶产生菌Candida ontarioensis制备(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇

从实验室保藏的菌株中筛选获得Candida sp.PT2A,并通过18S rRNA鉴定为安大略假单胞菌Candida on-tarioensis。对C.ontarioensis不对称还原合成(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的发酵产酶条件和转化条件进行优化,确定了最适的发酵产酶条件和转化条件:温度30℃,初始pH 6.5,摇床转速180 r/min,菌体质量浓度200 g/L。采用2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙酮质量浓度为10 g/L时,还原反应72 h,(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的e.e.值为99.9%,产率为99%;底物质量浓度提高至30 g/L时,产率下降为84.3%。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对C.ontarioensis细胞进行通透性处理(CTAB g/L,4℃下处理20 min),在30 g/L底物下反应24 h,产物的e.e.和产率分别达到99.9%和97.5%。     

Complementary selectivity to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol-forming Candida parapsilosis by expressing its carbonyl reductase in Escherichia coli for (R)-specific reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone

An (R)-specific carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis CCTCCM203011 (CprCR) was shown to catalyze the asymmetric reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (PED), which is a critical chiral building block in organic synthesis. The gene (rcr) encoding CprCR was cloned based on the amino acid sequences of tryptic fragments of the enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that rcr is comprised of 1008 nucleotides encoding a 35 977 Da polypeptide, and shares similarity to proteins of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily. Recombinant rcr expressed in Escherichia coli showed a specific 2-hydroxyacetophenone-reducing activity. Using rcr expressing cells, (R)-PED was obtained by asymmetric reduction, which is complementary in enantiomeric configuration to (S)-PED obtained by using whole cells of C. parapsilosis. After optimization of reaction conditions, (R)-PED was produced at 95.5% enantiomeric excess with a yield of 92.6% when isopropanol was used for cofactor regeneration.     

重组青霉素G酰化酶拆分制备（S）-邻氯苯甘氨酸

对产青霉素G酰化酶的重组枯草芽胞杆菌发酵产酶条件进行优化,确定优化后的发酵条件：可溶性淀粉10g/L、蛋白胨12g/L、酵母粉3g/L、NaCl10g,／L;pH7．5、培养温度37℃、装液量80mL（500mL三角瓶）、培养28h,青霉素G酰化酶的表达水平由最初的7．34U／mL提高至18．23U／mL。以表达青霉素G酰化酶的枯草芽胞杆菌发酵液为酶源,在水相中对映选择性催化N-苯乙酰-（R,S）-邻氯苯甘氨酸制备（S）-邻氯苯甘氨酸,当底物浓度为100mol／L时转化4h,转化率达44．2％。对底物浓度为80mmoL／L反应液中的（S）-邻氯苯甘氨酸进行分离,达到理论收率的94．29％（以N-苯乙酰-（R,S）-邻氯苯甘氨酸的0．5倍摩尔量为理论产率）,e．e．值大于99．9％。170℃条件下,N-苯乙酰-（R）-邻氯苯甘氨酸与苯乙酸共熔消旋为N-苯乙酰-（R,S）-邻氯苯甘氨酸可用于循环拆分。     

葡萄酒酵母不对称还原苯甲酰甲酸合成（R）-扁桃酸

研究了葡萄酒酵母不对称还原制备（R）-扁桃酸的转化,并将其放大至反应罐进行小试研究。通过转化条件的优化,在密闭条件下,当底物质量浓度为10g/L时,苯甲酰甲酸的产率达到72％,扁桃酸的对应过量值（e.e）值达到99％以上。实验发现,该微生物具有很好的催化稳定性,全细胞经过10批次反应,产率无明显降低,产物对映体过量值均高于98％。转化反应放大至7L反应罐体系后,S.ellipsoideus,仍然具有良好的催化性能,产率提高到81％,e.e值保持在99％。     

伴有辅酶原位再生的胞外酶耦合法制备（R）-苯基乙二醇

经5轮诱变筛选,从近平滑假丝酵母（Candida parapsilosis CICC1676）中分离得到产NADH依赖型羰基还原酶（Carbonyl reductase,CR）菌株CP-9。所产羰基还原酶（CRCp-9）经两步快速纯化获得纯化倍数为11．5倍,比活力为1．84 U/mg的酶液,其还原反应的最适pH值为6．5,最适温度为40℃。该酶转化β-羟基苯乙酮制备手性化合物（R）-苯基乙二醇,因此是（R）-专一性羰基还原酶。该酶与NADH普适性再生酶-甲酸脱氢酶（For-mate dehydrogenase,FDH）在胞外相耦联,构建伴有辅酶再生与反复利用的CR/FDH双酶催化制备立体醇体系,底物β-羟基苯乙酮转化率达95．4％,产物（R）-苯基乙二醇得率为93％,辅酶的总转化数（Total turn number, TTN）达267,产物e．e．值为98．6％,批次耦合反应生产能力达0．8 g/L/h,较单酶催化有较大提高,与细胞转化法相比也具有较好的生产能力。因此,伴有辅酶再生的胞外酶耦合催化具有潜在的制备手性醇化合物的工业应用价值。     

Complementary selectivity to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol-forming Candida parapsilosis by expressing its carbonyl reductase in Escherichia coli for (R)-specific reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone

An (R)-specific carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis CCTCCM203011 (CprCR) was shown to catalyze the asymmetric reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (PED), which is a critical chiral building block in organic synthesis. The gene (rcr) encoding CprCR was cloned based on the amino acid sequences of tryptic fragments of the enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that rcr is comprised of 1008 nucleotides encoding a 35 977 Da polypeptide, and shares similarity to proteins of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily. Recombinant rcr expressed in Escherichia coli showed a specific 2-hydroxyacetophenone-reducing activity. Using rcr expressing cells, (R)-PED was obtained by asymmetric reduction, which is complementary in enantiomeric configuration to (S)-PED obtained by using whole cells of C. parapsilosis. After optimization of reaction conditions, (R)-PED was produced at 95.5% enantiomeric excess with a yield of 92.6% when isopropanol was used for cofactor regeneration.     

羰基还原酶产生菌SW2026的产酶条件及其不对称催化还原4＇-氯苯乙酮

以4＇-氯苯乙酮为模型底物,对筛选得到的Candida krusei SW2026的羰基还原酶产酶条件进行研究。结果表明：适宜的发酵培养基组成为甘油50g/L,玉米浆20g／L,KH2PO4 4g／L,MgSO4·7H2O 1．5g／L;适宜的培养条件为温度30℃,初始pH6,摇床转速200r／min,发酵周期48h。在产酶发酵条件下培养的湿细胞对4＇-氯苯乙酮进行不对称还原反应,产物（S）-4＇-氯-α-苯乙醇的产率最高达88．56％,e．e．值稳定在87％左右。     

啤酒废酵母中β-1，3-葡聚糖的提取工艺

研究采用酶-碱法从经超声波处理的废酵母残渣中提取β-1,3-葡聚糖的工艺,通过正交试验得出理想的酶处理工艺条件：酶添加量208U／g,温度50℃、pH6,酶解8h,蛋白质去除率为62．82％,每L废酵母液中可回收0．348g多肽、氨基酸的蛋白水解液;碱处理工艺条件：用30mL质量分数为2％ NaOH溶液在70℃处理酶解后的沉淀物5h。所得β-1,3-葡聚糖纯度为90．50％,得率为11．00％,经紫外光谱、薄层层析和性质分析为高纯度的β-1,3-葡聚糖。     

L-抗坏血酸洛芬酯非水相酶促合成的动力学与热力学

对酶法合成L-抗坏血酸洛芬酯(芬维C酯)的反应动力学与热力学进行研究,确定了最有效的酶促反应环境。合成布洛芬维C酯的最优条件:转速200r/min,温度65℃,加酶量5%(以底物的质量分数计),底物浓度1mol/L,平衡所需时间66h,平衡时产物质量分数为19.07%;合成酮洛芬维C酯的最优条件:200r/min,60℃,加酶量7.5%,底物浓度600mmol/L,平衡时间132h,产物质量分数为10.63%;合成氟比洛芬维C酯的最优条件:200r/min,65℃,加酶量5%,底物浓度400mmol/L,平衡时间144h,产物质量分数为6.76%。对底物进行了比较,得到了各自的动力学与热力学参数。布洛芬米氏常数为0.101μmol/L,vmax=32.68μmol/(min.g),热力学平衡常数为0.166;酮洛芬的分别为0.144μmol/L,12.97μmol/(min.g),0.091;氟比洛芬的分别为0.185μmol/L,9.35μmol/(min.g),0.055。     

Substrate specificity and enantioselectivity of 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase

The 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (HAPMO) from Pseudomonas fluorescens ACB catalyzes NADPH- and oxygen-dependent Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone to the corresponding acetate ester. Using the purified enzyme from recombinant Escherichia coli, we found that a broad range of carbonylic compounds that are structurally more or less similar to 4-hydroxyacetophenone are also substrates for this flavin-containing monooxygenase. On the other hand, several carbonyl compounds that are substrates for other Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are not converted by HAPMO. In addition to performing Baeyer-Villiger reactions with aromatic ketones and aldehydes, the enzyme was also able to catalyze sulfoxidation reactions by using aromatic sulfides. Furthermore, several heterocyclic and aliphatic carbonyl compounds were also readily converted by this BVMO. To probe the enantioselectivity of HAPMO, the conversion of bicyclohept-2-en-6-one and two aryl alkyl sulfides was studied. The monooxygenase preferably converted (1R,5S)-bicyclohept-2-en-6-one, with an enantiomeric ratio (E) of 20, thus enabling kinetic resolution to obtain the (1S,5R) enantiomer. Complete conversion of both enantiomers resulted in the accumulation of two regioisomeric lactones with moderate enantiomeric excess (ee) for the two lactones obtained [77% ee for (1S,5R)-2 and 34% ee for (1R,5S)-3]. Using methyl 4-tolyl sulfide and methylphenyl sulfide, we found that HAPMO is efficient and highly selective in the asymmetric formation of the corresponding (S)-sulfoxides (ee > 99%). The biocatalytic properties of HAPMO described here show the potential of this enzyme for biotechnological applications.