为增创生态环境新优势贡献力量(摘要)──在广东省生态学会“五大”会议上的工作报告

（１９９８年１２月１８日）各位代表： 我受四届理事会的委托,向各位代表作学会工作报告,请审议。 广东省生态学会于１９９３年１２月２１日召开“四大”,选举产生了第四届理事会。近５年来,广东省生态学会在广东省科协的领导和中国生态学会的指导下,依靠全体理事的通力合作和全体会员的努力,做了不少工作,取得一定成绩,获得了《学会》杂志１９９５年全国省级“学会之星”理科学会排名第１９位,１９９６年全国省级“学会之星”理科学会排名第巧位,被广东省科协评为先进学会。一、敢于承担课题．发挥学会整体优势有新的突破 近５…     

辽宁、河北、山东三省微生物学会常务理事联席会在河北保定召开

2013年8月1日,辽宁、河北、山东三省微生物学会召开了第一届环渤海地区微生物学会常务理事联席会。会议在河北省保定市卓正国际酒店举行。河北省微生物学会理事长张利平教授、山东微生物学会理事长陈冠军教授、辽宁省微生物学会副理事长冯敏研究员分别就各学会的工作情况发表讲话。冯敏副理事长代表李莉理事长介绍了辽宁省微生物学会的基本情况、发展历史、学会建设、学术交流活动、学科发展等,介绍了学会与中国微生物学会、辽宁省微生物科学研     

甘肃省古生物学会在兰州召开成立大会

甘肃省古生物学会、甘肃省地质学会地层古生物专业委员会,于4月21日至4月24日,在兰州同时成立,并举行了首届学术讨论会.甘肃省古生物学会是继江苏、安徽和山东之后成立的第4个省级古生物学会.中国古生物学会副秘书长陈丕基,甘肃省科协常委陆润林、省地质学会名誉理事长王景尊出席了大会.     

四川省动物学会第十届会员代表大会暨第十一次学术研讨会在乐山师范学院召开

<正>2015年9月18—20日,四川省动物学会第十届会员代表大会暨第十一次学术研讨会在乐山师范学院召开。本次研讨会由四川省动物学会、四川省野生动植物保护协会主办,乐山师范学院承办。来自全省20个单位的120多名动物学工作者参加了本次会议。四川省动物学会第十届会员代表大会进行了换届选举和章程修改等工作。四川省动物学会理事长岳碧松教授代表第九届理事会做了学会工作报告,李德生理事做了学会章程修订说明。会议经过民主选举产生了四川省动物学会第十届     

“第五届中国西部动物学学术研讨会”在兰州大学成功召开

正[本刊讯]"第五届中国西部动物学学术研讨会"于2016年8月13—15日在甘肃省兰州市兰州大学逸夫生物楼举行。本次会议由甘肃省动物学会、四川省动物学会、重庆市动物学会、陕西省动物学会、青海省动物学会、新疆动物学会、贵州省动物学会、云南省动物学会和宁夏生物学会主办,来自全国48个单位的190余名代表及研究生志愿者参加了本次会议。本次会议共有11位特邀专家做了大会报告,46位代表做了专题报告。其中四川省大会报告2个,专题报告22个,同时,     

广东省生物物理学会成立

1990年12月1日上午,“广东省生物物理学会成立大会暨第一届学术会议”在华南师范大学召开.中国生物物理学会及广东科协、广东电子学会、广东物理学会、广州市仪器仪表学会、广东生物学会、广东光学学会等上级机关和兄弟学会的代表到会祝贺,华南师范大学副校长王开发副教授到会祝贺并讲话.与会会员代表60余人,选举产生了以刘颂豪教授为名誉理事长、熊钰庆教授为理事长的第一届理事会.     

广东省生态学会举行庆祝成立25周年报告会

2006年6月28号广东省生态学会在中山大学举行了庆祝学会成立25周年的学术报告会。会上,省人大副主任陈坚、省科协副主席汤卉华,91岁高龄的省生态学会名誉理事长张宏达和中山大学副校长梁庆寅,分别到会庆祝并讲话。广东省人大常委会副主任陈坚为广东省生态学会成立25周年的题词“坚持以人为本,倡导生态文明”。中国生态学会副理事长骆世明在会上传达了中国科协“七大”精神。省生态学会副理事长兼秘书长张社尧向大会报告了学会25年的工作。省植物学会还向大会赠送了礼物,庆祝大会由理事长彭少麟主持。     

中国科协召开学会改革与发展研究暨嘉奖大会

中国科协学会部于1993年5月9日至16日在广西桂林召开全国地方级学会改革与发展研究班暨先进学会嘉奖大会。中国科协党组副书记刘恕在会上作了“加快改革步伐,开拓地方学会工作新局面”的报告。上海BME学会张燕秋秘书长参加了会议。会议要求各级地方学会继续学习和贯彻党的“十四大”精神,加深理解,开阔思路,继往开来,勇于探索,开拓地方学会工作新局面。中国科协四届七次常委会通过了“中国科协及所属团体组织形式、管理办法、改革设想及试点方案”,方案提出中国科协的改革目标是     

继续团结合作 并肩开拓前进──祝贺四川省动物学会成立十五周年

继续团结合作并肩开拓前进──祝贺四川省动物学会成立十五周年四川省动物学会秘书处,《四川动物》杂志编辑部四川省动物学会成立十五周年了。学会的前身是由现已辞世的刘承钊、雍克昌、马德等老前辈于六十年代初组建的成都市动物学会。十五年前,在刚恢复的四川省科协的...     

中国动物学会五十年

今年是中国动物学会成立五十周年。回顾学会成立之初只有会员五十余人,在他们不懈的努力和艰苦奋斗下,我国动物学会由小到大地发展起来,而今会员已有五千多人,出版物也由一种发展到十余种,近年来又建立了兽类学会、鸟类学会、原生动物学会、贝类学会、显微与亚显微形态科学学会、甲壳动物学会、生殖生物学会和两栖爬行动物学会等八个专业学会。在这欣欣向荣的日子里,不能不感谢和怀念创始的老科学家为发展我国动物科学所做出的贡献。在解放前中国动物学会所召开的五次学术年会还都是综合性的,到了解放后除大型会议外,专业性的学术讨论会就有十多次,表明了科学发展的趋势,涉及的学科领域也从分类学、生理学和形态学扩展到以研究动物的门类和领域,除上述八个专业学科外,还有寄生虫学、生态学等。而且细胞学、生理学、生态学、遗传学、解剖学等在五十年代或七十年代都分别成立了独立的学会。可以设想随着各学科的发展和队伍的不断壮大,将会有越来越多的专业性学会或独立的专门科学会的建立。     

Anthropology and history: the revaluation of history in anthropological research

The main premise of this paper is that the accepted view of history based on written documents (historiography) is marked by hierarchical ordering and evaluation implicit in it. The paper examines the context of the negation of history, and the revaluation of history in anthropological research. The lack of written documents concerning particular social groups on the internal plane, but also particular nations (ethnic groups) on the global plane, earned them the name of "nations (groups) without history". This criterion of historicity--the existence of a writing system and written documents--implies the hypothesis about the inferiority of those nations and groups. The attributes of history seen in this way are modernity, linearity and cumulativeness. This system implies ethnocentrism based on a twofold negation: a) the negation history, and b) the negation of otherness. What we must not forget is that the symbolic universes are social products with a history, and in order to understand their meaning, one must understand the history of their production. It is very important to pay close attention to the historical practice of projecting our cultural practices onto others. The question of who determines the history and which views are presented to a particular audience is a matter of power and contest. contemporary history-oriented sociocultural anthropology focuses on the total reconstruction of the way of life and thinking in particular periods of history: on the everyday life. This brought together the intellectual traditions of "new history", ethnology, sociocultural anthropology and the sociology of culture. While modernism stresses the present change versus the static past, postmodernism denies the past ever being static and hypostatises fluidity and change as permanent condition. Postmodernism strives to undermine the old, Euro-centric notion that "we" have a history but "they" do not; it has also lead to social scientists' renewed interest in history.     

Worth the reward? An experimental assessment of risk‐taking behavior along a life history gradient

Life history theory predicts that species with faster life history strategies should be willing to risk their survival more to acquire resources than those with slower life history strategies. Foraging can be a risky behavior and animals generally face a tradeoff between food consumption and predation risk. We predicted that the degree to which animals invest in current versus future reproduction (i.e. life history strategy) would determine how they approach this tradeoff. We manipulated food abundance in wetlands to assess whether life history theory could explain risk taking among females of five duck species with respect to foraging. We found evidence consistent with our prediction based on life history theory; species with a faster life history strategy were willing to engage in riskier behavior, by feeding more intensively, for a greater food reward. Females from species with faster life history strategies devoted 25% more time to feeding when in high food density treatment plots versus control plots. The percentage of time that females from species with slower life history strategies devoted to feeding was not affected by food density. These findings contribute to our understanding of life history theory and represent a possible mechanism to explain differences in life history strategies among species.     

输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况及其影响因素分析

目的:总结输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年1月于我院行输卵管妊娠手术的86例患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有患者的临床及随访资料,记录并总结所有患者年龄、孕次、产次、月经史、不孕史、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)水平、妊娠部位、手术情况、避孕方式以及疾病史等和术后重复性异位妊娠发生情况,并比较不同特征患者术后重复性异位妊娠的发生率,分析影响输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠情况的影响因素。结果:至随访结束,86例输卵管妊娠手术患者术后出现重复性异位妊娠者22例,发生率为25.58%;年龄越大、孕、产次越多、HCG水平越高、存在不孕史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、盆腔感染史以及开腹手术、双侧输卵管粘连及闭锁和长期放置宫内节育器进行避孕的患者其输卵管妊娠术后重复性异位妊娠发生率均明显较高(P0.05);经多因素Logistic回归模型分析可得存在不孕史、盆腔感染史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、输卵管双侧粘连及闭锁以及开腹手术是输卵管妊娠手术患者术后重复性异位妊娠发生的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:输卵管妊娠患者术后重复性异位妊娠不可忽视,而对于存在不孕史、盆腔感染史、异位妊娠史、输卵管手术史、输卵管双侧粘连及闭锁以及开腹手术的输卵管妊娠手术患者则应及时治疗不孕症,尽可能选择腹腔镜手术来降低患者术后重复性异位妊娠,以此提高患者术后生育能力。     

甘草生活史型的划分

探讨了甘草生活史型的定性和定量划分方法并对其结果进行了对比,结果如下:生活史型定性划分法基于生态幅与扰动程度对甘草生活的生境进行划分,将野生甘草、半野生甘草和栽培甘草分别划分为C、CVS和S生活史型。生活史型定量划分法是将生长于不同生境中甘草的营养生长、克隆生殖和有性生殖形态性状参数进行主成分分析,根据主成分得分比例划分生活史型。野生甘草定量划分结果为C0.4552S0.3150V0.2297型,总体上趋于C型生活史型;半野生甘草划分结果为C0.3540V0.3534S0.2926型,其营养生长、无性生殖和有性生殖发育比较均衡,属于CVS过渡生活史型;栽培甘草划分结果为V0.8931S0.0569C0.0500型,为比较典型的V生活史型。栽培甘草的定性、定量划分结果不一致的原因主要在于生长年限太少,克隆生殖和有性生殖均不发达。对植物生活史型的定量划分方法比定性划分法更为可靠、客观。     

Unnatural history: is a paradigm shift of natural history in 21st century ornithology needed?

Natural history, across disciplines, is essential for the continuation of science, especially as we attempt to identify the myriad of threats that biodiversity faces in this rapidly changing world. Recording the natural history of birds is perhaps the most prominent, widespread and long‐standing pursuit of this activity. Yet, there is a distinct decrease in publishing of natural history in the ornithological sciences. Concomitantly, the natural history information being published is often in small and regional journals, less accessible by the global ornithological community. We argue that historical natural history needs a modern reinvigoration, and should focus on placing natural history observations in the context of an anthropogenically altered world – ‘unnatural history’. This includes, but is not limited to, behavioural adaptations, novel diet choices, hybridization and novel adaptations to urbanization. Here, we elaborate on natural history's place in modern ornithology, how this relates to citizen science and the potential cost of ignoring it. Ultimately, increased accessibility of natural history observations, encouragement of amateur ornithologists' participation in professional societies (and vice versa) and targeted citizen science projects are potential mechanisms by which to reinvigorate natural history in 21st century ornithology.     

动物生活史进化理论研究进展

综述了生活史性状、生活史对策、权衡、适合度及进化种群统计学等动物生活史进化领域的进展。权衡是生活史性状之间相互联系的纽带,分为生理权衡与进化权衡。适合度是相对的,与个体所处的特定环境条件有关,性状进化与适合度之间关系紧密。适合度是生活史进化理论研究的焦点。探讨动物生活史对策的理论很多,影响最大的是MacArthur和Wilson提出的r对策及K对策理论。随年龄的增长,动物存活率及繁殖率逐步下降的过程,称为衰老;解释衰老的进化理论主要有突变-选择平衡假设和多效对抗假设。进化种群统计学将种群统计学应用于生活史进化研究,为探讨表型适合度的进化提供了有效的手段。将进化种群统计学、数量遗传学及特定种系效应理论进行整合,建立完整的动物生活史进化综合理论体系,是当代此领域的最大挑战。     

Diversity of juvenile Chinook salmon life history pathways

Life history variability includes phenotypic variation in morphology, age, and size at key stage transitions and arises from genotypic, environmental, and genotype-by-environment effects. Life history variation contributes to population abundance, productivity, and resilience, and management units often reflect life history classes. Recent evidence suggests that past Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) classifications (e.g., ‘stream’ and ‘ocean’ types) are not distinct evolutionary lineages, do not capture the phenotypic variation present within or among populations, and are poorly aligned with underlying ecological and developmental processes. Here we review recently reported variation in juvenile Chinook salmon life history traits and provide a refined conceptual framework for understanding the causes and consequences of the observed variability. The review reveals a broad continuum of individual juvenile life history pathways, defined primarily by transitions among developmental stages and habitat types used during freshwater rearing and emigration. Life history types emerge from discontinuities in expressed pathways when viewed at the population scale. We synthesize recent research that examines how genetic, conditional, and environmental mechanisms likely influence Chinook salmon life history pathways. We suggest that threshold models hold promise for understanding how genetic and environmental factors influence juvenile salmon life history transitions. Operational life history classifications will likely differ regionally, but should benefit from an expanded lexicon that captures the temporally variable, multi-stage life history pathways that occur in many Chinook salmon populations. An increased mechanistic awareness of life history diversity, and how it affects population fitness and resilience, should improve management, conservation, and restoration of this iconic species.     

Change across the lifespan in a psychological measure of life history strategy

Life history theory predicts that people calibrate their reproductive strategies to local levels of environmental harshness and unpredictability. While previous research has established the importance of early life cues in the development of life history strategy, the degree to which life history strategy exhibits plasticity later in life is unclear. Using longitudinal data (total N = 479) from four archival studies and a recently validated psychological measure of life history strategy, we examined mean-level trends in life history strategy at the level of psychological phenotype between the ages of 7 and 60 and found that life history strategy slowed down linearly as a function of age. Highlighting the importance of sexual selection in shaping life history strategy, we also found that men had a faster life history strategy than women at all ages and that the magnitude of this difference was constant across the lifespan. Our findings suggest that life history strategy development continues even in older adulthood. We discuss the possibility that this occurs in response to the accumulation of biological and social (e.g. offspring, relationships) capital and information about local risks and incentives.     

Public History,Private Memory: Notes from the Ethnography of Colonial Williamsburg,Virginia, USA

Colonial Williamsburg, and U.S. history museums generally, claim to transform public history into collective memory. That is, they convey an objective documented history to the public who, absorbing that history, acquires an appropriate collective or national memory. We argue that the emphasis on consumer (visitor) experience at such museums collapses the distance between the reconstructed past (the museum's history lesson) and the visitor's touristic or familial experience at the site. Visitors indeed remember their visits to Colonial Williamsburg, but their specific memories would seem to have little to contribute to any 'collective memory' of a 'national history.'