学业自我妨碍的干预策略

为使学业自我妨碍者获得学业进步,学校教育必须消除和改变自我妨碍策略发生的线索,避免学生过多使用自我妨碍的动机策略来保护其自尊水平。文章对学业自我妨碍的概念、影响因素、作用结果和干预策略进行了综述,旨在为学校教育提供科学信息,使自我妨碍的学生走出学业困境,提高其学业水平。     

肿瘤耐药机制及其干预策略的新进展

肿瘤细胞产生耐药性是治疗失败的主要原因之一。导致肿瘤原发性或获得性治疗耐药的机制包括肿瘤负荷、肿瘤异质性、物理屏障、免疫系统与肿瘤微环境等,这些机制可以单独或联合作用,通过各种信号转导途径介导肿瘤耐药。如何判定不同类型肿瘤细胞对不同治疗药物产生耐药的主要机制,并制定精准高效的干预策略是当前肿瘤药物治疗领域亟需解决的关键问题。该文系统地阐述了肿瘤耐药机制及其应对策略的相关研究进展,旨在为肿瘤耐药的预防或采取有针对性的干预措施提供新的思路。     

心理干预对大学生体检抽血晕血症的预防作用

目的观察心理干预对降低大学生体检抽血晕血症发生率的应用价值。方法根据个性特征及心理问题,对有晕血史的55例大学生在抽血前、中、后进行心理干预,使其放松心情,消除恐惧。结果通过心理干预,能有效减轻晕血反应程度,其中70.9%的学生无晕血反应,20%轻度反应,9.1%中度反应,无重度反应的现象。结论心理干预在预防大学生体检抽血晕血症中作用明显,值得推广。     

心理护理干预对老年冠心病患者心理问题的影响

目的探讨心理护理干预对老年冠心病患者心理问题的影响。方法将124例老年冠心病患者按数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组各62例,对照组给予常规护理,如密切观察病情、用药护理、饮食护理、排便护理和健康教育;观察组在对照组的护理基础上予以个性化心理护理干预。观察两组患者入院时、出院时、出院3个月、出院6个月抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分的变化。结果两组患者入院时SDS和SAS量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);组内入院时与出院时、出院3个月和出院6个月SDS、SAS量表评分比较,差异均有显著统计学意义(均P0.001);观察组患者出院时、出院3个月和出院6个月SDS、SAS量表评分均较对照组显著改善(均P0.001)。结论在常规护理和健康教育的基础上,予以个性化的心理护理干预,能减轻患者的心理压力,消除或降低不良心理问题对患者心理状况的影响,促进患者的身心健康。     

大学生群体性发热被隔离时的心理干预护理及其疗效分析

目的:研究高校卫生所对于大学生群体性发热被隔离治疗时的心理问题以及比较分析应用心理干预改善大学生对于重症传染病的焦虑、恐慌等心里问题对于改善病人症状的疗效观察。方法对选自我校卫生所收治的100例发热大学生,在进行常规药物治疗的同时予以心理干预,并进随时进行心理测查,以了解心理干预对于大学生群体性发热的效用。结果经过心理干预的大学生于未经过心理干预的大学生间,病情得到改善情况具有显著差异性,即P<0.01具有统计学意义。结论对群体性发热被隔离治疗的人群早期给予心理干预很有必要,有利于改善病人的发热病情。     

暴力伤医事件的社会心理诱因及干预策略研究

暴力伤医事件是我国医患矛盾尖锐的具体表现,严重干扰了医院正常诊疗秩序,并威胁着医务人员的人身安全。以社会心理学理论为框架,剖析了暴力伤医事件的诱发机制,旨在为提出干预策略提供新的理论视角。     

新形势下增强大学生社团建设的有效途径

从近几年的发展形势来看,大学生社团建设工作中还存在着一定的问题,比如体制不够完善、活动经费缺乏等等。本文就从大学生社团建设的必要性出发,探讨当前高校社团建设存在的问题,并结合实际情况探索出加强大学生社团建设的有效途径,以期为学生们营造良好的学习、实践环境,促进社团文化的健康发展。     

新形势下增强大学生社团建设的有效途径

从近几年的发展形势来看,大学生社团建设工作中还存在着一定的问题,比如体制不够完善、活动经费缺乏等等。本文就从大学生社团建设的必要性出发,探讨当前高校社团建设存在的问题,并结合实际情况探索出加强大学生社团建设的有效途径,以期为学生们营造良好的学习、实践环境,促进社团文化的健康发展。     

“阳光体育”背景下热带地区大学生身体素质下降原因的调查与干预策略研究

2010年,课题组对海南省1600名大学生身体素质水平进行了调研,分析了从2000年至2010年十年间海南省大学生身体素质的变化情况,了解了阳光体育运动对海南省大学生身体素质的影响,并在此基础上提出了有针对性的干预措施,能为海南省高校体育工作者和决策者提高和改善学生身体素质提供参考依据。     

不孕不育症患者心理因素及干预措施的探讨

对不孕不育患者心理特征如焦虑、抑郁等情感变化和固执、内向、多疑等人格特征分析,了解这些心理因素的影响,从而指导在不孕不育诊治过程中,有意识的采用一些干预措施如家庭和社会支持、医务人员的心理干预等来减轻患者的心理负担,提高治疗效果。     

Accumulation of DNA Damage in Aging Neurons Occurs Through a Mechanism Other than Apoptosis

Abstract: Two biochemical strategies using nick translation-type of incubation and terminal transferase-catalyzed reaction were used to assess single- (SSB) and double-strand (DSB) breaks in DNA of permeabilized neurons isolated from young, adult, and old rat cerebral cortex. Both SSBs and DSBs accumulate with age. On prior treatment of neuronal cells with 1 m M glutamate or 50 µ M N -methyl- N' -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), more extensive damage was seen at all ages, with the old neurons suffering maximal damage. When neuronal DNA was subjected to agarose electrophoresis, increasingly diffused bands were seen with age in normally aging neurons. However, a typical nucleosomal ladder, characteristic of apoptosis, was seen only when the cells were exposed to either glutamate or MNNG irrespective of the age of the neurons. Furthermore, this apoptotic fragmentation of DNA was prevented by prior treatment of the cells with either cycloheximide or aurintricarboxylic acid, indicating that both glutamate and MNNG induce programmed cell death. Fluorescence microscopic observation of glutamate- and MNNG-treated neurons after acridine orange staining revealed a high degree of staining and marked condensation of nuclear DNA. On the other hand, no such phenomenon was observed in normally aging neurons either histologically or in biochemical assays of damage. It is concluded that both glutamate and MNNG induce programmed cell death in neurons independent of age and that accumulation of DNA damage in naturally aging neurons occurs through a process other than that of apoptosis.     

胆固醇对金属离子磷脂酰甘油单分子膜成膜的影响

目的：本文主要研究不同条件胆固醇（Cholesterol,简称Chol）和金属离子（钾、镁离子）对磷脂酰甘油（Phosphatidylglycerols,简称PG）相互作用后形成的单分子膜的影响。方法：首先以金属离子作为亚相,研究胆固醇的量对磷脂酰甘油单分子膜的影响;其次加入同等量的胆固醇量,亚相为不同金属离子时,对磷脂酰甘油单分子膜的影响,最后分析磷脂酰甘油LB膜的π-A曲线,即曲线外扩、相变点、膜压等等变化特征。结果：随着胆固醇的增多,金属离子磷脂酰甘油单分子膜形成π-A曲线变化逐渐明显;当加入同等量的胆固醇时,随着金属离子价态的逐渐增高,磷脂酰甘油单分子膜形成的π-A曲线的变化也逐渐明显。结论：其一：胆固醇对金属离子磷脂酰甘油单分子膜成膜质量是有影响的。其二,金属离子对胆固醇与磷脂酰甘油混合形成的单分子膜同样也是有的影响。     

GENETIC TIES: ARE THEY MORALLY BINDING?

Does genetic relatedness define who is a mother or father and who incurs obligations towards or entitlements over children? While once the answer to this question may have been obvious, advances in reproductive technologies have complicated our understanding of what makes a parent. In a recent publication Bayne and Kolers argue for a pluralistic account of parenthood on the basis that genetic derivation, gestation, extended custody and sometimes intention to parent are sufficient (but not necessary) grounds for parenthood. ¹ 1 Bayne, T. & Kolers, A. . Toward A Pluralist Account of Parenthood . Bioethics 2003 ; 17 : 221 – 242 .
Bayne and Kolers further suggest that definitions of parenthood are underpinned by the assumption that ‘being causally implicated in the creation of a child is the key basis for being its parent’. ² 2 Ibid. p. 241.
This paper examines the claim that genetic relatedness is sufficient grounds for parenthood based on a causal connection between genetic parents and their offspring. I argue that parental obligations are about moral responsibility and not causal responsibility because we are not morally accountable for every consequence to which we causally contribute. My account includes the conditions generally held to apply to moral responsibility, i.e. freedom and foreseeability. I argue that parental responsibilities are generated whenever the birth of a child is a reasonably foreseeable consequence of voluntary actions. I consider the implications of this account for third parties involved in reproductive technologies. I argue that under some conditions the obligations generated by freely and foreseeably causing a child to exist can be justifiably transferred to others.     

On a resource based ecological competition model with interference

A resource based ecological competition model with interference is proposed. The model is based on Lotka-Volterra dynamics with two predators competing for a single, limited prey. Interference effects are considered in this article. When the interference coefficient, expressing the damage effect from its rival, is small, the mathematical analysis shows that the winner in purely exploitative competition still outcompetes its rival. However, if the interference coefficient is large enough then the competition outcome will depend on initial population of predator species.     

大鼠Otos基因RNA干扰质粒体的构建

目的:构建其基因Otos的RNA干扰质粒载体,为研究Otospiralin在内耳的生理功能奠定基础。方法:在GenBank中查到大鼠Otos基因的序列,输入到相应的设计软件中,以此设计引物序列,经过PCR扩增,酶切后,克隆于pAVU6 27载体并行酶切鉴定。结果:构建的鼠Otos shRNA载体经过测序鉴定,所得和预期相符。结论:重组质粒pAVU6 27-Otos的成功构建为下一步研究打下良好的基础。     

Influence of social status on individual foraging and community structure in a bird guild

We investigated the influence of social interactions on individual foraging behavior and community structure of frugivorous birds in southern Costa Rica. Detailed observations of large, heterospecific feeding assemblages at fruiting trees revealed the existence of an interspecific dominance hierarchy, largely consistent with body and bill size. Social status influenced access to food in several ways. First, subordinate species were interrupted more and tended to have shorter foraging bouts than dominant species (n > 1.000 abouts). Second, analysis of over 7,000 videotaped head movements showed that subordinate species spent a smaller fraction of their foraging bouts actually feeding (as opposed to looking about) than did dominants. Third, when many birds were in a tree simultaneously, the foraging bouts of subordinate species were shortened; this effect was less pronounced or absent for species higher in the dominance hierarchy. Fourth, subordinate species foraged less frequently in mixed-species assemblages than did dominant species. Finally, subordinate species fed disproportionately more in the late afternoon at fruiting trees. The influence of social status appeared to manifest itself at the community level. The species composition of foraging assemblages was compared at isolated fruiting trees situated in an agricultural landscape near to (< 0.5 km) and far from (> 6 km) a large tract of primary forest. Whereas the full complement of avian frugivores foraged at the near trees, visitors to the far trees were predominantly of high social status. We discuss reasons why high social status and associated traits might confer an advantage in exploiting human-dominated habitat.     

The fixation probability of two competing beneficial mutations

Suppose that a beneficial mutation is undergoing a selective sweep when another beneficial mutation arises at a linked locus. We study the fixation probability of the double mutant, i.e., one (produced by recombination) that carries both mutations. Previous analysis works well for the case where the earlier beneficial mutation confers a greater selective advantage than the later mutation, but not so well in the opposite case. We present an approach to approximating the fixation probability in the case where the later mutation confers a greater selective advantage.     

Interference between cues of the same outcome in a non-causally framed scenario

Retroactive interference between cues of the same outcome (i.e., IbC) occurs when the behavioral expression of an association between a cue and an outcome (e.g., A → O1) is reduced due to the later acquisition of an association between a different cue and the same outcome (e.g., B → O1). Though this interference effect has been traditionally explained within an associative framework, there is recent evidence showing that IbC effect may be better understood in terms of the operation of higher order causal reasoning processes. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 showed an IbC effect in a learning task within a game scenario suggesting non-causal relationships between events. Thus, these results showed that IbC may have a diverse origin, one of them being of an associative nature.