论大学生心理健康教育课程教学的走向

进入21世纪,大学生心理健康教育越来越受到重视.作为高校大学生心理健康教育主要方式的课程教学应当如何进行,是大学生心理健康教育工作者们最为关心的问题.本文从教学理念、教学内容、教学方法、实践教学以及教学手段等方面,讨论了大学生心理健康教育课程教学的基本走向.认为大学生心理健康教育课程教学应该具有:积极的发展性心理健康教育理念、科学实用的课程体系、灵活多样的教学模式、立足体验的实践教学和多维度教育技术手段的应用等,以形成不同于其他课程的独特的大学生心理健康教育课程教学模式.     

高校心理健康教育和思想工作落脚点是解决学生实际问题的实践与探讨

高校工作以人才培养为根本任务,如何才能切实提高大学生心理健康、思想政治的工作水平,促进学生综合素质的提高。本文通过对高校大学生心理健康教育和思想政治工作的落脚点是解决学生实际问题这一论点,讨论了其可行性和效用性方面的实践体会。     

大学生心理健康课程教学现状与对策研究

通过查找与分析影响大学生心理健康课程教学质量的问题因素,为改进和提高大学生心理健康课程的教学质量明确思路。为学校教学资源的整合和师资力量的科学利用,更好的建立起和谐的师生关系,科学合理的设计好教学内容,积极探索出更加有效的教学模式,不断提高大学生心理健康课程的教学质量提供对策。     

完美主义心理研究简述

本文从完美主义的概念、维度、测量、前因变量及后果变量等方面进行了介绍,在此基础上,指出未来的研究除了继续探讨与完美主义相关的基础理论及与心理健康的关系外,重点应该探讨如何积极调节干预完美主义心态,特别指出要提高大学生的心理健康水平.     

高职医专学生心理健康状况的的调查分析

以探讨高职医学专科大学生心理健康状况为目的,对580名在校学生进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、青少年心理价值取向的研究。结果表明,医学专科大学生SCL-90总分高于全国常模,也高于非医学专业学生,心理障碍检出率为43.63%;家庭经济、学业成绩、就业去向为影响其心理健康的主要因素。因此,医学专科大学生的心理健康水平要引起心理健康工作者的重视。     

试论大学生心理健康教育的四大误区

心理健康教育是大学生素质教育不可或缺的一部分,当前大学生心理健康教育存在着四大误区:标准误区、目标误区、操作误区和评价误区。这些误区制约着大学生心理健康教育的发展。高校要遵循教育规律,结合大学生的心理发展特点,正确把握心理健康的内涵,明确心理健康教育的目标,采用积极的评价方式,正确实施心理健康教育,方能走出误区,切实地促进大学生身心和谐发展和心理素质的全面提高。     

高职高专学生心理健康教育实施方案的探讨

为进一步加强和改进学校大学生心理健康教育与咨询工作,把大学生心理健康教育工作推向一个新台阶,本文根据中央和省委省政府对改进大学生思想政治教育的实施意见中涉及心理健康教育的内容和文件精神,结合学校开展心理健康教育的实际实效,对高职高专大学生心理健康教育实施方案做了如下探讨。     

网络文化影响下的高校学生生理健康问题探析

网络文化影响高校学生心理健康问题主要包括五大心理方面,即认知心理、情感心理、意志心理、人格心理及社交心理。网络文化影响着高校学生的认知心理,对大学生的认知能力产生一定的影响。另外,网络文化对大学生的情感心理产生巨大的影响,大学生是接触网络文化的主要人群之一,网络文化与当代大学生的心理健康有相当大的影响。     

大学生群体性发热被隔离时的心理干预护理及其疗效分析

目的:研究高校卫生所对于大学生群体性发热被隔离治疗时的心理问题以及比较分析应用心理干预改善大学生对于重症传染病的焦虑、恐慌等心里问题对于改善病人症状的疗效观察。方法对选自我校卫生所收治的100例发热大学生,在进行常规药物治疗的同时予以心理干预,并进随时进行心理测查,以了解心理干预对于大学生群体性发热的效用。结果经过心理干预的大学生于未经过心理干预的大学生间,病情得到改善情况具有显著差异性,即P<0.01具有统计学意义。结论对群体性发热被隔离治疗的人群早期给予心理干预很有必要,有利于改善病人的发热病情。     

中国大学生自杀行为的研究进展

当前我国学者对大学生自杀行为的研究主要集中在两个方面:影响大学生自杀的因素和对其自杀行为的预防与干预机制。本文通过研究总结近年我国学者发表的研究大学生自杀行为的文献,总结出我国大学生自杀行为的研究现状,同时,在此基础之上对研究中存在的问题提出笔者的建议。     

医学院校新生适应性问题的研究

目的:在教育理论的指导下,通过问卷调查的形式对一年级学生的生活、学习、心理健康状况等方面的适应性问题进行调研。方法:采用随机抽样的原则,以抽到的班级所有符合条件的大学新生作为调查对象。采用自制的一般人口学特征问卷、高考志愿填报情况调查表、教学软硬件建设满意度调查表、目前学习状况及未来就业去向调查表、症状自评量表对46名大学新生进行调查。结果:调查班级学生中,多数学生来自农村家庭;与"70版、80后"相比,"90后"学生在职业选择方面具有更多的自主选择权;对学校在软硬条件方面亦提出更高的要求;受限于近期个人目标,缺乏长远人生目标,可持续发展能力差。心理问题阳性检出率为24%,排名在前4位的心理健康问题依次是:强迫、抑郁、焦虑、躯体化,男女生表现个有不同。结论:传统教育思维仍试图在极短时间里完成适应性教育工作,致使抽象理论与学生现实需求相脱节。陌生的环境、迥然不同的学习方式、全方位转变的人际关系使得新生心理问题出现叠加性、多重性的特点。相关部门应改变适应教育模式,建立新生适应教育活动的长期反馈机制和评估体系,才能更好的服务于新生教育工作。     

综合医院住院患者对自身常见心理问题的评价及其影响因素

本研究主要针对综合医院非精神科住院患者对自身常见心理问题的评价及其影响因素进行调查分析。本研究选取1 329名非精神科住院患者作为调查对象,使其在规定指导语下完成患者健康抑郁症状群量表(depression scale of the patient health questionnaire, PHQ-9)、躯体症状群量表(somatic symptom scale of thepatient health questionnaire, PHQ-15)、广泛性焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale, GAD-7)、健康焦虑量表(whiteley-7 scale, WI-7)等自评量表,并回答封闭式问题"您认为自己目前存在心理或者情绪问题吗?"。根据上述两种对自身心理问题评价方式的结果是否一致将患者分为心理问题评价一致组和心理问题评价不一致组。调查得到如下结果:心理问题评价一致组人数占研究总人数的48.3%。通过单因素方差分析和二元Logistic回归分析结果得出,该综合医院非精神科男性住院患者及少数民族患者较女性患者及汉族患者更难意识到自身心理问题(B=-0.227, p=0.044; B=0.643, p=0.022)。本研究说明,加强普及大众心理健康教育,尤其是对非精神科住院患者(特别是男性和少数民族患者)的心理健康教育,使之能正确评价自身心理问题并寻求治疗,是非常有必要的。而非精神科医生则需要更多关注到男性患者和少数民族患者,早期识别并正确处理其心理问题,促进疾病恢复,提高患者满意度。     

On euthanasia: exploring psychological meaning and attitudes in a sample of Mexican physicians and medical students

Euthanasia has become the subject of ethical and political debate in many countries including Mexico. Since many physicians are deeply concerned about euthanasia, due to their crucial participation in its decision and implementation, it is important to know the psychological meaning that the term 'euthanasia' has for them, as well as their attitudes toward this practice. This study explores psychological meaning and attitudes toward euthanasia in 546 Mexican subjects, either medical students or physicians, who were divided into three groups: a) beginning students, b) advanced students, and c) physicians. We used the semantic networks technique, which analyzed the words the participants associated with the term 'euthanasia'. Positive psychological meaning, as well as positive attitudes, prevailed among advanced students and physicians when defining euthanasia, whereas both positive and negative psychological meaning together with more ambivalent attitudes toward euthanasia predominated in beginning students. The findings are discussed in the context of a current debate on a bill proposing active euthanasia in Mexico City.     

五年制高职护理学生乙型肝炎KAP及需求调查

目的：通过了解高职护理学生对乙型肝炎（简称＂乙肝＂）流行病学知识及在医疗护理过程中对乙肝病毒感染防护措施的知晓程度,了解感染乙肝病毒（HBV）后对学生的心理行为和社会功能的影响,为今后有针对性地开展学校传染病管理和宣传工作提供依据。方法：对盐城卫生职业学院2006级552名高职护理学生采用问卷调查的方式进行乙肝相关知识及职业暴露防护相关措施的调查。结果：高职护理学生对乙肝相关知识的了解比较丰富,主要原因是接受过乙肝流行病学的专业学习;但对在医疗护理过程中预防乙肝病毒感染的措施缺乏了解,并且感染乙肝后对其心理、学习、人际交往等方面均有不同程度的影响。结论：高职护理学生乙肝相关知识掌握的较丰富,但就预防乙肝病毒感染和病毒感染后的行为水平较低,学校应加强学生的职业暴露防护及健康心理行为的教育。     

Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Related to Behavioral Problems in Children

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between pre and post environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and behavioral problems in schoolchildren.MethodsIn the cross-sectional 6 cities Study conducted in France, 5221 primary school children were investigated. Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke at home was assessed using a parent questionnaire. Child’s behavioral outcomes (emotional symptoms and conduct problems) were evaluated by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by the parents.ResultsETS exposure during the postnatal period and during both pre- and postnatal periods was associated with behavioral problems in children. Abnormal emotional symptoms (internalizing problems) were related to ETS exposure in children who were exposed during the pre- and postnatal periods with an OR of 1.72 (95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 1.36-2.17), whereas the OR was estimated to be 1.38 (95% CI= 1.12-1.69) in the case of postnatal exposure only. Abnormal conduct problems (externalizing problems) were related to ETS exposure in children who were exposed during the pre- and postnatal periods with an OR of 1.94 (95% CI= 1.51-2.50), whereas the OR was estimated to be 1.47 (95% CI=1.17-1.84) in the case of postnatal exposure only. Effect estimates were adjusted for gender, study center, ethnic origin, child age, low parental education, current physician diagnosed asthma, siblings, preterm birth and single parenthood.ConclusionPostnatal ETS exposure, alone or in association with prenatal exposure, increases the risk of behavioral problems in school-age children.     

高职院校中专学生SCL-90评定结果分析

目的:分析影响高职院校中专学生的心理健康状况的相关因素.方法:对抽取的江苏省某职业院校437名学生,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查,以因子分≥3筛查阳性个体进行检出率及年级差异的比较.结果:低年级学生SCL-909个因子得分均高于全国常模值,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).心理健康阳性检出率的排序,其中排在前3位的分别为敌对、人际关系敏感以及强迫症状,它们的阳性检出率分别为6.86％、5.95％和5.03％,高于其他因子,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2009级学生的阳性率高于2010级,但心理健康阳性检出率年级差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:高职院校的中专学生心理健康状况不容乐观,敌对、人际关系敏感、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑是其面临的主要心理问题,学校应该针对性的开展心理干预措施.     

Variation Among Student Chapters of The Wildlife Society

ABSTRACT Student Chapters of The Wildlife Society serve the parent organization as a source of new members while promoting professional development among aspiring wildlife biologists. However, little is known about the operation of the Student Chapters across North America. I conducted an online survey between March and May 2006 to learn about variation among chapters and to define successful chapters with a quantifiable, objective parameter (e.g., the active members or budgets). I sent chapter advisors and student officers the online survey via e-mail. Of 92 Student Chapters known to the parent Society in 2005, 66 active and one inactive chapters responded. Activities, sizes, and budgets varied greatly among chapters. Additionally, perceived values of membership by survey participants matched the parent Society's goals. No clear definition of a successful chapter (e.g., those with the most money or members) emerged, but chapters faced some evident problems including apathy from students and advisors as well as a lack of support from the parent Society. Based upon the survey, I recommend Student Chapters have strong projects and activities as well as consider collaborating with other professional organizations. I recommend the parent Society continue to expand student programs and incorporate students into the Society.     

Conceptualization of psychiatric illness and help-seeking behavior among Chinese

Problem conceptualizations of Chinese psychiatric patients were studied in relation to the patterns of help-seeking and ways of coping. Patients who conceptualized their initial problems in purely psychological terms were more likely to use self-directed psychological coping methods, delay initial professional consultation, and approach mental health professionals. Patients who used only somatic concepts were least likely to approach mental health professionals initially or any time during their previous consultation history, and tended to approach medical resources to cope with their problems. Patients who conceptualized their problems in mixed terms approached professional help early on and reached psychiatric resources soonest. These results provide a clearer perspective to understand the somatization tendency among Chinese patients.     

八年制医学生实验动物教学中的心理障碍分析及对策

本文总结了在八年制医学生实验动物学实验课教学中的一些体会,研究了教学过程中出现的某些不良心理特征,并提出了相应的解决方法及对策,以提高实验课的教学效果。希望为医学生未来科研工作的顺利进行搭建一座有效的桥梁。     

Hopelessness of mothers who have children with Down syndrome

This study was conducted to determine hopelessness status of mothers who have children with Down syndrome. Beck Hopelessness Scale was used in this restrictive type study. The average value of mothers enrolled in the study was detected as 8.29 +/- 2.49. Age, education level, socio-economical status, work and the problems between parents were also examined and it was found that there is a relationship between the education level, socio-economical status, the problems between parents and the hopelessness scale (p < 0.01). Consequently, it is apparent that the mothers who have children with Down syndrome need social and psychological support to overcome their feelings of hopelessness.