人β-干扰素重组质粒在CHO-dhfr~-细胞中表达水平与MTX的关系

人IFNβ基因编码序列与pSC_7-dhfr~-载体重组构建的由SV_(40)早期启动子控制的组成性表达cDNA克隆,转染CHO-dhfr~-细胞,用氨甲喋呤(MTX)逐渐加压,观察其表达情况。二氢叶酸还原酶(dhfr)有一特性,其基因拷贝数可在MTX的选择压力下扩增,     

重组人红细胞生成素二聚体不同真核表达载体的构建及表达

为构建重组人红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)二聚体真核表达载体,应用PCR方法扩增EPO cDNA,PCR产物克隆入T载体后,经酶切、连接、转化等过程分别构建了3个EPO二聚体的真核表达载体pBT-1c、pBT-2s及pBT-3c,经测序序列完全正确。然后将3个真核表达载体分别转染于CCS-7细胞及CHO-dhfr-细胞中,用ELISA方法检测,它们在COS-7的瞬时表达量分别为4IU／ml、11.5IU／ml和7.2IU／ml。其中EPO二聚体真核表达载体pBTsv稳定转染CHO-dhfr-细胞后,用氨甲喋呤(MTX)逐渐加压的方法筛选到阳性克隆,表达量可达到4000IU／106cells／72h。     

红细胞生成素cDNA在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的稳定表达

将(?)红细胞生成素(EPO)cDNA构建的重组表达质粒用电穿孔法引入COS-7细胞,ELISA和红系集落测活结果表明,该重组质粒在哺乳动物细胞中能够表达有生物活性的红细胞生成素。进一步将其转染CHO-dhfr~-细胞,经氨甲喋呤(MTX)加压扩增,混合细胞中各克隆表达水平比较一致,细胞的平均表达水平为2-3μg/10~6 Cells/24hr。细胞冻存后复苏其表达水平与冻存前一致,表明外源基因整合稳定。     

tPA突变体在哺乳动物细胞中的表达

利用携带有二氢叶酸还原酶(dhfr)基因的pCI载体,实现tPA突变体(FrGGI)在CHO-dhfr^-细胞中的高效表达,获得高表达细胞株。采用分子克隆常规技术,将去除3’端非蛋白编码区的tPA突变体cDNA与pCI载体连接,构建真核表达载体pCI—tPA;采用阳离子脂质体转染法转染CHO-dhfr^-胞。经酶切及测序鉴定,证明所构建的质粒正确,转染CHO—dhfr细胞后,经过MTX加压筛选,得到了10株表达水平较高的细胞株,其活性可达每106细胞4000U／24h。以上结果为进行tPA突变体工程细胞株的筛选奠定了基础。     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)全长cDNA序列的克隆及表达

在先前获得t—PA部分编码序列的基础上,用化学合成法合成了缺少的5′端部分序列,并经多次重组获得了含有t—PA全长cDNA的重组表达质粒pMG-601。经序列分析表明该cDNA序列是正确的,将其导入暂时表达系统COS-7细胞中,能产生有特异性的t—PA产物。将其导入CHO细胞中,经MTX加压扩增,获得产t-PA的细胞株,其表达水平约为400～500IU/(10~6cells·24hr)。     

用反式互补表达载体实现全抗体在CHO-dhfr-细胞中的高效表达

目的：通过弱化筛选基因二氢叶酸还原酶基因（dhfr）,构建双顺反子全抗体表达载体,实现全抗体在CHO细胞中的高效表达。方法：将dhfr基因分为分别编码1-105和106～187氨基酸残基的2部分,分别通过linker与亮氨酸拉链GCN4融合,分别通过内部起始位点序列与抗体轻重链基因偶联,构建成2个双顺反子表达载体pIRESLZdhfr—H和pIRESLZdhfrL。用脂质体2000转染CHO-dhfr-细胞,用无次黄嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷的IMDM筛选培养基筛选阳性克隆。结果：筛选到的阳性克隆表达水平为1．47-3．5μg／（106细胞·d）,经氨甲蝶呤（MTX）梯度加压,在MTX浓度为5×10^-8mol／L时,表达水平达到11．5μg／（10^6细胞·d）。结论：构建了基于亮氨酸拉链二聚化基础的dhfr弱化方式的双顺反子表达载体,实现了全抗体在CHO—dhfr-细胞中的高效表达。     

人尿激酶原cDNA在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CH0)中高效表达研究

通过构建高效表达载体,改进转染方法,与二氢叶酸还原酶(dhfr)基因共扩增等手段在CH0细胞内高效表达了人尿激酶原(Pr0-UK)cDNA。首先将pro—UK cDNA插入到sR α启动子的下游,构建成表达质粒pMGl0102,在cos－7细胞内进行暂时性表达,结果表明此启动子的表达水平比SV40早期启动子高约5倍。然后将质粒pMG10102和pSV2－dhfr线性化后用磅酸钙共沉淀法转染CH0－dhfr-细胞,经一系列筛选后获得20个能表达pro—UK的细胞克隆,纤维蛋白溶解平板法(FAPA)测定表达水平为12．5—100IU／10⁶cells／d．再经MTX加压共扩增,得到9株高表达细胞系,其中最高的表达水平达到400—500Iu／10‘cells／d。2—3个月连续传代,表达水平未下降,表明细胞株是稳定的。Western Blot分析证明细胞分泌的重组pro－UK具有与天然pro—UK相同的分子量,而且培养液中不加蛋白酶抑制剂时,分泌的重组UK大部分为单链(60％以上)。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型ul49(VP22)基因的序列分析及其表达

以牛疱疹病毒I型 (BHV-I) 国内地方分离株感染的细胞培养物制备PCR模板,扩增出大小约0.77kb 的ul49基因完整编码区片段,将扩增片段克隆到pMD18-T载体中,获得含ul49基因的重组质粒pMD-VP22.采用双脱氧末端终止法进行序列测定,发现与国外Cooper株ul49基因序列完全一致,说明ul49基因相当保守.进一步将BHV-I ul49完整编码区片段插入原核表达载体pET-28a和真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,获得分别与6xHis融合的原核表达质粒pET-28aVP22和与EGFP融合的真核表达质粒pEGFPVP22.将pET-28aVP22转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE电泳检测发现在38kDa处有一条特异性的表达带.利用脂质体介导,将pEGFPVP22转染PK-15细胞,经G418加压筛选,获得稳定表达VP22的细胞克隆.在倒置荧光显微镜直接检测未固定的活细胞,发现pEGFPVP22转染细胞能发出很强的荧光并主要集中在细胞核中,而对照载体pEGFP- C1转染细胞的荧光分布于胞浆.     

多药抗药基因Mdrl探针的克隆及初步应用

多药抗药基因Mdrl的表达水平与细胞的耐药性直接相关,检测Mdrl的表达水平可预测化疗的效果以及预后,用分子原位杂交的方法可检测单个细胞中Mdrl的表达水平.用PCR扩增方法获得了一段特异的DNA片段,并将其克隆到pUC18载体中,经DNA序列分析证明与文献报道一致,此探针可用于临床标本的分子杂交检测.     

凝血因子VII基因表达载体的构建及其在BHK细胞中的表达

凝血因子Ⅶ是凝血块形成的起始关键分子之一,它对外源性凝血途径的启动具有重要的作用。为表达具有促凝活性的重组人凝血因子Ⅶ,通过PCR的方法从质粒pUC-FⅦ中扩增人凝血因子ⅦcDNA,并将其定向克隆入真核表达载体pIRESneo中,构建重组表达载体pIRES-FⅦ,测序正确后用脂质体介导的方法转染BHK-21细胞,经G418加压筛选、细胞有限稀释等方法获得克隆细胞株,收集无皿清培养上清,进行SDS-PAGE、Western blot和活性鉴定。结果成功构建了重组表达载体pIRES-FⅦ,实现了其在BHK-21细胞中的表达,且表达产物具有促凝活性。重组人凝血因子Ⅶ在哺乳动物细胞中的成功表达,为整体止血剂的研究奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.