无创呼吸机相关性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的病原菌和耐药性及危险因素分析CSCD

目的探讨无创呼吸机相关性肺炎患者多重耐药(MDR)菌感染的病原菌分布、耐药性及危险因素。方法选择2017年6月至2022年6月我院的80例无创呼吸机相关性肺炎患者为研究对象进行回顾性分析,统计患者的临床资料和病原菌分布情况,并对病原菌的耐药性进行分析。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic分析研究MDR感染的危险因素。结果80例患者中MDR感染37例,感染率为46.25%,以鲍曼不动杆菌(43.97%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(20.57%)、铜绿假单胞菌(15.60%)为常见病原菌。药敏试验结果显示,主要革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、庆大霉素、氨苄西林、阿米卡星、头孢呋辛的耐药率较高,对美罗培南、米诺环素、亚胺培南敏感性较高;主要革兰阳性菌对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢他啶、克林霉素等药物耐药率较高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、复方新诺明、利福平敏感性较高。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,晚发型感染(OR=6.785)、近90 d接受3代头孢菌素治疗以及使用含酶抑制剂的复合制剂或碳青霉烯类抗菌药物(OR=6.781)、经胃鼻管(OR=8.579)、APACHE评分≥15分(OR=8.871)、机械通气时间≥48 h(OR=11.695)是MDR感染的独立危险因(均P<0.05)。结论无创呼吸机相关性肺炎患者MDR感染的主要病原菌有铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌等,MDR感染的独立危险因素包括晚发型感染、近90 d接受3代头孢菌素治疗等,临床可对具有上述特征的患者进行针对性治疗,从而降低无创呼吸机相关性肺炎患者MDR感染的风险。     

多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素。方法：选取本院2019年5月至2022年5月收治的198例重症肺炎患者,根据患者在ICU住院期间是否死亡分为存活组（121例）和死亡组（77例）。对重症肺炎患者多药耐药菌感染情况,多药耐药G⁺耐药情况,多药耐药G^-耐药情况进行分析,对影响多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后危险因素的单因素分析,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选影响多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素。结果：198例重症肺炎患者中,多药耐药菌感染患者60例,占比30.30 %,共分离出病原菌290株,其中多药耐药菌65株,占比22.41 %,其中占比比较高的有鲍曼不动杆菌（23.08 %）、铜绿假单胞菌（20.00 %）、金黄色葡萄球菌（20.00 %）、肠炎克雷伯菌（10.77 %）;重症肺炎患者多药耐药G⁺对青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素等具有较高的耐药性,而对万古霉素、替考拉宁、替加环素较为敏感;重症肺炎患者多重耐药G^-对多种抗菌药物均表现出耐药性,其中对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟等具有较高的耐药性;单因素分析结果显示,死亡组患者中男性、年龄≥70岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥26分、有创通气的患者占比显著高于存活组,碳青霉烯类抗生素使用的患者占比显著低于存活组（均P<0.05）,两组患者肺部基础疾病、脑血管疾病、高血压、联合使用其他抗生素的占比,以及两组患者机械通气时间比较无差异（均P>0.05）;纳入多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析显示,男性、年龄≥70岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥26分、有创通气为多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素（OR=1.568、1.203、2.812、1.674,均P<0.05）,而碳青霉烯类抗生素使用是多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的保护因素（OR=0.542,P<0.05）。结论：多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者的主要菌株为鲍曼不动杆菌,且男性、年龄≥70岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥26分、有创通气为多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素,而碳青霉烯类抗生素使用是多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的保护因素。     

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染 危险因素及预后分析

摘要：目的 探讨碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染（CSKP）的危险因素以及影响患者28 d预后的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2017年12月期间住院的肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染患者的临床病史资料,按患者血培养标本采集后28 d内预后情况分为存活组与死亡组,应用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的危险因素,应用Cox回归分析研究影响肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染28 d预后的相关因素。结果 耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的危险因素包括高APACHEⅡ评分、高Pitt菌血症评分、感染时入住ICU、感染前30 d内手术、有创操作、深静脉置管、有创机械通气、器官移植、使用免疫抑制剂、感染前3个月内入住ICU和感染前使用抗菌药物。Logistic回归分析显示高APACHEⅡ评分（OR=1.066,95% CI：1.027~1.107,P=0.001）、手术（OR=3.777,95% CI：1.816~7.855,P<0.001）、有创操作（OR=2.864,95% CI：1.303~6.295,P=0.009）、器官移植（OR=3.892,95% CI：1.553~9.752,P=0.004）、感染前使用抗菌药物（OR=5.626,95% CI：2.740~11.553,P<0.001）是发生碳青霉烯类耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的独立危险因素。影响肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染28 d预后的相关因素有高APACHEⅡ评分、高Pitt菌血症评分、感染时入住ICU、感染前30 d内手术、有创操作、深静脉置管、有创机械通气、器官移植、感染前3个月内ICU入住史、使用抗菌药物、粒细胞缺乏、血液透析和菌株对碳青霉烯类耐药。Cox回归分析发现高APACHEⅡ评分（HR=1.061,95% CI：1.039~1.084,P<0.001）、有创操作（HR=2.505,95% CI：1.239~5.063,P=0.011）、入住ICU（HR=1.589,95% CI：1.042~2.424,P=0.031）是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）血流感染患者的28 d病死率明显高于碳青霉烯类敏感肺炎克雷伯菌感染患者（χ2=41.612,P<0.001）。结论 高APACHEⅡ评分、手术、有创操作、器官移植、感染前使用抗菌药物可导致耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染的发生风险增加。CRKP血流感染患者死亡率显著高于CSKP感染者,但CRKP感染并非患者短期死亡的独立危险因素。而高APACHEⅡ评分、有创操作、入住ICU则可显著增加患者短期病死率。     

肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者临床特点及预后相关因素

目的探讨肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者的病原菌分布、临床特点、病死率及其28 d预后相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年1月于浙江大学附属第一医院住院的276例肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者的临床资料,应用多元Logistic回归模型分析感染耐药肠杆菌科细菌的相关危险因素。根据感染28 d预后情况将患者分为存活组和病死组,采用Cox回归分析影响患者28 d预后的相关因素。结果276例患者共分离出290株肠杆菌科细菌,主要包括大肠埃希菌(35.2%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(44.5%),其中多重耐药菌(MDR)感染占25.5%。多元Logistic分析显示近期使用抗菌药物(OR=2.120,95% CI:1.204~3.731,P=0.009)、上消化道出血(OR=2.864,95% CI:1.209~6.784,P=0.017)是发生耐药菌感染的独立危险因素。Cox回归分析显示CLIFOF(HR=1.505,95% CI:1.301~1.742,P<0.001)、肾衰竭(HR=1.925,95% CI:1.107~3.347,P=0.020)、脑衰竭(HR=2.431,95% CI:1.248~4.736,P=0.009)和凝血功能衰竭(HR=2.724,95% CI:1.544~4.805,P=0.001)是影响肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者预后的独立危险因素。结论肝硬化合并肠杆菌科细菌感染患者病原菌以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主。近期使用抗菌药物和上消化道出血可显著增加肝硬化患者发生多重耐药肠杆菌科细菌感染的风险。高CLIFOF评分、肾衰竭、脑衰竭和凝血功能衰竭可显著增加患者短期病死率。     

婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻的危险因素分析及其护理

目的探讨引起婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)的危险因素及预防护理措施。方法选择798例住院应用抗生素的患者作为研究对象,以发生AAD者作为观察组,与没有发生腹泻者进行对比分析。结果 798例中发生AAD 187例(23.4%)。单因素分析结果显示:结果显示婴幼儿AAD的发生与发病年龄、合并有感染性疾病、病情严重程度、抗生素种类、抗生素使用天数、抗生素联合应用、微生态制剂使用、激素应用、住院天数、血红蛋白量、侵入性操作等因素相关,差异有统计学意义。经Logistic回归分析,筛选出5个AAD独立相关因素:合并有感染性疾病(OR=1.431)、病情重(OR=1.985)、抗生素时间长(OR=2.117)、抗生素联合应用≥2种(OR=3.783)、侵入性操作(OR=4.092)、使用微生态制剂(OR=0.706)。微生态制剂OR1,表示使用微生态制剂为AAD的保护因素。。结论接受抗生素治疗的婴幼儿特别是婴儿发生AAD的可能性大,侵袭性操作、重症患儿、抗生素应用时间长、联合用药是AAD的高危因素,应合理应用抗生素,预防性应用微生态制剂,防止AAD的发生。     

鲍曼不动杆菌呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素分析

目的 研究重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii,Ab)呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的危险因素,为临床防治VAP提供依据.方法 采用回顾性方法,调查2008年1月至2011年12月重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌感染VAP患者的危险因素.采用x2检验进行单因素分析.结果 共调查389例患者,VAP发病率为28.8％(112例),病死率为32.1％(36例).VAP的发生与APACHEⅡ评分、机械通气时间、机械通气方式、抗生素联合使用、昏迷、留置胃管、年龄、以及使用糖皮质激素有关.结论 VAP的发生与多种临床因素相关,加强危险因素监测,严格落实无菌操作制度,集束化管理有助于减少VAP的发生.     

呼吸科住院患者抗生素药物相关腹泻发生现状及影响因素分析

目的了解呼吸科住院患者抗生素药物相关腹泻发生现状并探讨相关影响因素。方法选取2019年1月-2019年9月我院呼吸科病房收治使用抗生素治疗的患者为研究对象,采用前瞻性队列研究,收集患者基本资料、抗生素使用情况及相关因素,以探讨抗生素药物相关腹泻的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入291例患者,抗生素药物相关腹泻发生率为11.3%。COX回归显示,入院时便潜血(OR=4.730,P0.001)、BMI(OR=0.918,P=0.027)、入院时血红蛋白水平(OR=0.974,P=0.007)、院前抗生素使用(OR=3.246,P=0.011)、单日使用抗生素最大种类数(OR=2.665,P=0.001)为抗生素药物相关腹泻的影响因素,便潜血阳性患者较阴性患者抗生素药物相关腹泻发生率高,入院时BMI、血红蛋白水平低,住院前已开始使用抗生素,单日抗生素使用种类多的患者抗生素药物相关腹泻发生率高。结论抗生素药物相关腹泻为呼吸科住院患者中常见的并发症,临床上对于便潜血阳性患者、BMI和/或血红蛋白水平较低的患者、住院前已开始使用抗生素的患者、感染较重需联合使用抗生素的患者,应在行抗生素治疗方案前做好抗生素药物相关腹泻的预防工作。     

外科ICU 中心静脉导管相关血流感染的回顾性病例对照研究

目的:了解外科ICU中心静脉导管相关血流感染(CRBSI)的发病率、病原菌分布及相关危险因素,为临床预防和经验性治疗提供依据。方法:回顾性调查我院外科ICU 2010年1月～2011年8月的中心静脉导管置管病例,根据血培养和导管培养结果分为CRBSI组和非CRBSI组,统计CRBSI的发病率、致病菌;比较CRBSI组与非CRBSI的临床资料,应用多因素Logistic回归分析筛查相关危险因素。结果:共收集249例中心静脉置管病例,CRBSI发病率为8.41例次/千导管日,病原菌分布为G+菌4例,G-菌9例,真菌8例。Logistic回归分析显示导管留置时间(OR 3.298,95%CI 1.070~10.168,P=0.038)、APACHEII评分(OR 1.137,95%CI 1.067~1.213,P=0.000)、完全胃肠外营养(OR 1.117,95%CI 1.023~1.219,P=0.014)是CRBSI的独立危险因素。结论:导管留置时间、APACHEII评分、完全胃肠外营养是发生CRBSI的独立危险因素。     

颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的病原学特征及防控

目的:探讨颅脑外伤所致昏迷患者下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,分析其相关危险因素,为临床预防该类感染提供参考。方法:选择2013年1月~2014年12月我院诊治的160例颅脑外伤致昏迷患者,对发生下呼吸道感染的80例患者采样并进行病原菌检测和药敏试验,采用Logistic回归分析探索颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果:160例颅脑外伤致昏迷患者中,发生下呼吸道感染80例,占50.00%,共分离出病原菌85株,革兰阴性菌59株,占69.41%,革兰阳性菌20株,占23.53%,真菌6株,占7.06%。革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林和头孢曲松的耐药率较高,对左氧氟沙星和庆大霉素的耐药性较低;革兰阳性菌对氨苄西林和四环素的耐药率较高,而对万古霉素和替考拉宁的耐药率较低;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,侵入性操作、使用抗生素是颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌,临床可通过减少侵入性操作及合理使用抗生素预防该类感染。     

念珠菌血症的危险因素和预后分析

目的了解念珠菌血症的临床特点、分布及预后危险因素。方法回顾性调查2012年1月至2014年5月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院所有血培养念珠菌阳性的患者资料,分析其临床特征、治疗和预后等,采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法进行预后单因素分析,采用多元Logistic回归进行预后多因素分析。结果 97例念珠菌血症患者入选,其中男性64例,女性33例,平均年龄（59.6±16.8）岁。包括白色念珠菌51例（52.6%）,非白色念珠菌46例（47.4%）,非白色念珠菌中热带念珠菌17例（17.5%）、近平滑念珠菌12例（12.4%）、光滑念珠菌7例（7.2%）、无名念珠菌4例（4.1%）、其他念珠菌6例（6.2%）。念珠菌培养阳性后30 d内死亡37例,30 d病死率为38.1%。Logistic多因素回归分析显示：年龄（OR=1.104,95%CI：1.041~1.170,P=0.001）、血液系统肿瘤（OR=63.256,95%CI：2.898~1380.833,P=0.008）、APACHEⅡ评分（OR=1.176,95%CI：1.053~1.313,P=0.004）、感染性休克（OR=12.032,95%CI：2.389~60.587,P=0.003）及合并细菌性血流感染（OR=26.016,95%CI：4.002~169.127,P=0.001）是其死亡的独立危险因素;而拔除或更换深静脉置管（OR=0.118,95%CI：0.025~0.559,P=0.007）是念珠菌血症死亡的独立保护性因素。结论念珠菌血症患者分布科室范围广、基础疾病重、侵入性操作多。年龄、高APACHEⅡ评分、感染性休克及合并细菌血流感染是影响念珠菌血症死亡的独立危险因素,拔除或更换深静脉置管是念珠菌血症死亡的独立保护性因素。     

单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素分析

目的:探讨单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)的危险因素。方法:选择2017年5月至2019年5月在我院产科分娩的2810例产妇为研究对象,其中97例(3.45%)符合未足月胎膜早破(Preterm premature rupture of membranes,pPROM)标准,包括53例RDS。收集以下信息:PROM潜伏期、出生时胎龄、脐动脉搏动指数(Umbilical artery pulsatility index,UAPI)、大脑中动脉搏动指数(Middle cerebral artery pulsation index,MCAPI)、胎儿窘迫、产前使用类固醇、新生儿实验室参数、性别、体重、Apgar评分、分娩类型、妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖耐量异常或糖尿病等信息,通过Logistic回归分析研究变量对RDS的影响。结果:Logistic回归分析结果显示,以下变量与RDS密切相关:新生儿性别女性(OR=0.517;95%CI:0.312-0.107;P=0.042),产前使用类固醇(OR=0.467;95%CI:0.355-0.698;P0.001),异常UAPI(OR=2.830;95%CI:1.783-6.234;P=0.002),异常MCA PI(OR=2.136;95%CI:1.120-4.017;P=0.032),胎儿窘迫(OR=2.420;95%CI:1.287-4.824;P=0.017),母体HGB(OR=0.689;95%CI:0.511-1.013;P=0.221),新生儿HGB(OR=0.752;95%CI:0.645-0.891;P0.001),新生儿RBC(OR=0.311;95%CI:0.201-0.565;P0.001)。结论:单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生RDS危险因素主要是性别、胎儿胎盘循环异常和胎儿窘迫。     

Hypothermia in a surgical intensive care unit

Background

Inadvertent hypothermia is not uncommon in the immediate postoperative period and it is associated with impairment and abnormalities in various organs and systems that can lead to adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, the predictive factors and outcome of core hypothermia on admission to a surgical ICU.

Methods

All consecutive 185 adult patients who underwent scheduled or emergency noncardiac surgery admitted to a surgical ICU between April and July 2004 were admitted to the study. Tympanic membrane core temperature (Tc) was measured before surgery, on arrival at ICU and every two hours until 6 hours after admission. The following variables were also recorded: age, sex, body weight and height, ASA physical status, type of surgery, magnitude of surgical procedure, anesthesia technique, amount of intravenous fluids administered during anesthesia, use of temperature monitoring and warming techniques, duration of the anesthesia, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay and SAPS II score. Patients were classified as either hypothermic (Tc ≤ 35°C) or normothermic (Tc> 35°C). Univariate analysis and multiple regression binary logistic with an odds ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were used to compare the two groups of patients and assess the relationship between each clinical predictor and hypothermia. Outcome measured as ICU length of stay and mortality was also assessed.

Results

Prevalence of hypothermia on ICU admission was 57.8%. In univariate analysis temperature monitoring, use of warming techniques and higher previous body temperature were significant protective factors against core hypothermia. In this analysis independent predictors of hypothermia on admission to ICU were: magnitude of surgery, use of general anesthesia or combined epidural and general anesthesia, total intravenous crystalloids administrated and total packed erythrocytes administrated, anesthesia longer than 3 hours and SAPS II scores. In multiple logistic regression analysis significant predictors of hypothermia on admission to the ICU were magnitude of surgery (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4–10.6, p = 0.008 for major surgery; OR 3.6, 95% CI, 1.5–9.0, p = 0.005 for medium surgery), intravenous administration of crystalloids (in litres) (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1–1.7, p = 0.012) and SAPS score (OR 1.0, 95% CI 1.0–1.7, p = 0.014); higher previous temperature in ward was a significant protective factor (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7, p = 0.003). Hypothermia was neither a risk factor for hospital mortality nor a predictive factor for staying longer in ICU.

Conclusion

The prevalence of patient hypothermia on ICU arrival was high. Hypothermia at time of admission to the ICU was not an independent factor for mortality or for staying longer in ICU.     

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus among Iranian patients with chronic liver disease

BACKGROUND: Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism are frequently observed in cirrhosis. We conducted this study to define the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Iranian patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and explore the factors associated with DM in these patients. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five patients with CLD were enrolled into the study. Fasting plasma glucose and two-hour plasma glucose were measured in patients' sera. DM and IGT were diagnosed according to the latest American Diabetes Association criteria. RESULTS: The subjects included 42 inactive HBV carriers with a mean age of 42.2 +/- 12.0 years, 102 patients with HBV or HCV chronic hepatitis with a mean age of 41.2 +/- 10.9 years, and 41 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 52.1 +/- 11.4 years. DM and IGT were diagnosed in 40 (21.6%) and 21 (11.4%) patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = 0.000), CLD status (P = 0.000), history of hypertension (P = 0.007), family history of DM (P = 0.000), and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.009) were associated with DM. Using Multivariate analysis, age (OR = 4.7, 95%CI: 1.8-12.2), family history of DM (OR = 6.6, 95%CI: 2.6-17.6), chronic hepatitis (OR = 11.6, 95%CI: 2.9-45.4), and cirrhosis (OR = 6.5, 95%CI: 2.4-17.4) remained as the factors independently associated with DM. When patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis were analyzed separately, higher Child-Pugh's score in cirrhotic patients (OR = 9.6, 95%CI: 1.0-88.4) and older age (OR = 7.2, 95%CI: 1.0-49.1), higher fibrosis score (OR = 59.5, 95%CI: 2.9-1211.3/ OR = 11.9, 95%CI: 1.0-132.2), and higher BMI (OR = 30.3, 95%CI: 3.0-306.7) in patients with chronic hepatitis were found to be associated with higher prevalence of DM. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis are at the increased risk of DM occurrence. Older age, severe liver disease, and obesity were associated with DM in these patients.     

重症监护室患者压力性损伤的危险因素及Braden评分和经皮氧分压的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：分析重症监护室（ICU）患者压力性损伤（PI）的危险因素并探讨Braden评分和经皮氧分压（TcPO₂）对其的预测价值。方法：选取2019年12月～2021年12月我院ICU 45例发生PI患者为PI组,另选取ICU 45例未发生PI患者为非PI组,收集患者基线资料、Braden评分及TcPO₂。比较两组患者基线资料和Braden评分、TcPO₂,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析ICU患者发生PI的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析Braden评分与TcPO₂对ICU患者PI发生风险的预测价值。结果：PI组年龄大于非PI组,机械通气比例和体温高于非PI组,住院时间长于非PI组,血清白蛋白、Braden评分、TcPO₂低于非PI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增长（OR=1.100,95％CI：1.003～1.206）、体温上升（OR＝1.217,95％CI：1.014～1.460）、住院时间延长（OR=1.240,95％CI：1.049～1.467）、Braden评分下降（OR=1.950,95％CI：1.312～2.898）、TcPO₂下降（OR=1.128,95％CI：1.053～1.209）为ICU患者发生PI的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,Braden评分和TcPO₂单独与联合预测ICU患者PI发生风险的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.785、0.794、0.898,Braden评分联合TcPO₂预测ICU患者PI发生风险的AUC大于二者单独预测。结论：年龄增长、体温上升、住院时间延长、Braden评分下降、TcPO₂下降是ICU患者发生PI的危险因素,Braden评分、TcPO₂对ICU患者PI发生风险具有一定的预测价值,二者联合效能更佳。     

Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Cohort of Children Aged 6-71 Months Living in the Northeast of Minas Gerais,Brazil

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. The aim was to identify the prevalence and incidence of anemia in children and to identify predictors of this condition, including intestinal parasites, social, nutritional and environmental factors, and comorbidities. A population-based cohort study was conducted in a sample of 414 children aged 6–71 months living in Novo Cruzeiro in the Minas Gerais State. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 by interview and included socio-economic and demographic information about the children and their families. Blood samples were collected for testing of hemoglobin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. Anthropometric measurements and parasitological analyses of fecal samples were performed. To identify risk factors associated with anemia multivariate analyses were performed using the generalized estimating equations (GEE). In 2008 and 2009, respectively, the prevalence rates of anemia were 35.9% (95%CI 31.2–40.8) and 9.8% (95%CI 7.2–12.9), the prevalence rates of iron deficiency were 18.4% (95%CI 14.7–22.6) and 21.8% (95%CI 17.8–26.2), and the incidence rates of anemia and iron deficiency were 3.2% and 21.8%. The following risk factors associated with anemia were: iron deficiency (OR = 3.2; 95%CI 2.0-.5.3), parasitic infections (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.2–2.8), being of risk of or being a low length/height-for-age (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.4–3.2), and lower retinol intake (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.1–2.7), adjusted over time. Nutritional factors, parasitic infections and chronic malnutrition were identified as risk factors for anemia. These factors can be verified in a chronic process and have been classically described as risk factors for these conditions.     

Adjunctive steroid in HIV-negative patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia

Background

High-dose steroid therapy has been proven effective in AIDS-related Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) but not in non-AIDS-related cases. We evaluated the effects on survival of steroids in HIV-negative patients with PCP.

Methods

Retrospective study patients admitted to the ICU with hypoxemic PCP. We compared patients receiving HDS (≥1 mg/Kg/day prednisone equivalent), low-dose steroids (LDS group, <1 mg/Kg/day prednisone equivalent), and no steroids (NS group). Variables independently associated with ICU mortality were identified.

Results

139 HIV-negative patients with PCP were included. Median age was 48 [40–60] years. The main underlying conditions were hematological malignancies (n=55, 39.6%), cancer (n=11, 7.9%), and solid organ transplantation (n=73, 52.2%). ICU mortality was 26% (36 deaths). The HDS group had 72 (51.8%) patients, the LDS group 35 (25%) patients, and the NS group 32 (23%) patients. Independent predictors of ICU mortality were SAPS II at ICU admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.04/point; [95%CI], 1.01-1.08, P=0.01), non-hematological disease (OR, 4.06; [95%CI], 1.19-13.09, P=0.03), vasopressor use (OR, 20.31; 95%CI, 6.45-63.9, P<0.001), and HDS (OR, 9.33; 95%CI, 1.97-44.3, P=0.02). HDS was not associated with the rate of ICU-acquired infections.

Conclusions

HDS were associated with increased mortality in HIV-negative patients with PCP via a mechanism independent from an increased risk of infection.     

影响剖宫产术后并发产褥感染的相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨剖宫产术后产褥感染的相关危险因素,为临床制定感控措施提供参考。方法:回顾性分析我院接受剖宫产术的1760例孕妇的临床资料,采用单因素卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归方法对剖宫产术后发生产褥感染的相关危险因素进行统计学分析。结果:1760例接受剖宫产手术的孕妇,术后发生产褥感染的有68例,发生率为3.86%;发生产褥感染最常见的部位是急性子宫内膜炎、子宫肌炎,其构成比占57.4%;经过单因素卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归分析,最终筛选出手术时间(OR=1.351)、血红蛋白(OR=1.759)、胎膜早破(OR=2.247)、孕期生殖道感染反复发作(OR=2.047)、妊娠糖尿病(OR=1.473)、前置胎盘反复阴道出血(OR=1.584)与宫产术后发生产褥感染呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:手术时间、血红蛋白、胎膜早破、孕期生殖道感染反复发作、妊娠糖尿病、前置胎盘反复阴道出血是剖宫产后发生产褥感染的高危因素,临床应针对这些高危因素制定干预措施以降低感染的发生率。     

Análisis de los factores implicados en la evolución de los pacientes mayores de 80 años,ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: ¿debemos cambiar nuestro proceder?

Background and objectivesThe care of older patients in intensive care units (ICU) is becoming more frequent.To describe characteristics of elderly patients admitted to the ICU and to analyze the factors associated with mortality.Patients and methodsRetrospective cross-sectional study, with patients ≥80 years, admitted to the ICU of the Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, from March 2012 to December 2018. Demographic variables, comorbidities and mortality in the ICU, in hospital and at one year were collected, analyzed by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression.ResultsSix hundred twenty patients, mean age 83.6 years (SD: 3.25), 31% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 25% vasopressors and 29% renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to acute renal failure (ARF). The 60% were admissions of medical origin. In-hospital mortality was 156 patients (25%), 91 died in the ICU and 65 on the ward, with shorter ICU stays for the survivors (2.72; SD: 0.22) compared to the deceased (3.74; SD: 0.38), with statistically significant differences. 63% remained alive one year after ICU discharge.An explanatory model of ICU mortality was obtained by logistic regression that included the following factors: IMV (OR: 5.78, 95% CI 2.73-12.22), vasopressors (OR: 2.54, 95% CI 1.24-5.19), AKI/TRS (OR: 2.69, 95% CI 1.35-5.35), medical admission (OR: 2.88, 95% CI 1.40-5.92), urgent admission (OR: 2.33, 95% CI 1.30-4.18) and limitation of life support (LTSV) (OR: 47.35, 95% CI 22.96-97.68). The days in the ICU (OR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99) would be inversely related to mortality.ConclusionsIn older patients, there is no increase in mortality, with a 1-year survival >63%. The need for IMV, the use of vasopressor drugs and ARF/RTS were factors associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis.     

MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and cervical carcinoma susceptibility: meta-analyses based on 4421 individuals

MTHFR polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for several cancers. Studies have conducted on the associations of MTHFR polymorphisms with cervical carcinoma risk and have generated inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to increase power demonstrating the possible relations. Meta-analyses examining the association between MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and cervical carcinoma risk were performed. Separate analyses on ethnicity and source of controls were also implemented. Eligible studies were identified for the period up to Dec 2011. Eleven case-control studies containing 1859 cases and 2562 controls regarding MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were selected, of which four studies containing 461 cases and 832 controls described A1298C polymorphisms. For the overall data, no associations of MTHFR C677T polymorphisms with cervical carcinoma were observed (TT vs CC: OR = 1.07; 95 %CI = 0.73-1.58; dominant model: OR = 0.89; 95 %CI = 0.66-1.18; recessive model: OR = 1.13; 95 %CI = 0.84-1.52). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, MTHFR 677T allele was associated with decreased cervical cancer susceptibility among Caucasians (TT vs CC: OR = 0.65; 95 %CI = 0.45-0.93; dominant model: OR = 0.70; 95 %CI = 0.58-0.86) but not Asians. As for A1298C polymorphism, no marked associations of A1298C genetic variation with cervical cancer risk were observed (CC vs AA: OR = 1.01; 95 %CI = 0.60-1.73; dominant model: OR = 1.17; 95 %CI = 0.91-1.49; recessive model: OR = 0.99; 95 %CI = 0.60-1.63). Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that MTHFR 677T allele might play a preventive role for cervical carcinoma among Caucasians. A1298C polymorphisms might exert little effect on cervical cancerigenesis.