臭氧急性暴露对大鼠血管的损伤及其机制

目的:探索不同浓度臭氧(O3)急性暴露对雄性Wistar大鼠血管的损伤效应和可能的机制。方法:120只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,每组20只;实验动物置于气体染毒柜中,对照组暴露于过滤后空气,处理组分别暴露于浓度为0.12ppm,0.5ppm,1.0ppm,2.0ppm和4.0ppm的臭氧,持续暴露4h。利用PC-lab医学生理信号采集系统获得动脉血压数据;血流变指标和血生化指标由天津迪安诊断实验室检测;血清中内皮素(ET-1)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OhdG)、白介素(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)采用酶联免疫(ELISA)微孔板法检测;氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)分别采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和一氧化氮(NO)采用微孔板比色法;取胸主动脉组织制备石蜡切片,经HE染色后观察血管结构改变。结果:0.12ppm臭氧急性暴露可导致动脉收缩血压(SBP)显著升高;不同浓度臭氧暴露均可导致血浆粘度显著升高,1.0ppm臭氧暴露组血沉(ESR)方程K值显著升高,全血高切相对指数和还原粘度均在臭氧浓度为0.5ppm和4.0ppm时显著降低,而红细胞变形指数在臭氧浓度为0.12ppm、0.5ppm、1.0ppm和2.0ppm时显著升高;急性臭氧暴露可导致总胆固醇含量降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)在0.12ppm臭氧暴露组显著降低;当臭氧浓度高于1.0ppm时还可导致机体出现炎症反应(TNF-α升高)和氧化应激反应(MDA升高、GSH降低);臭氧急性暴露可导致血液中ET-1含量升高,在4.0ppm浓度组具有显著性差异,而HCY水平呈现先降低后升高的趋势,在1.0ppm浓度组达到最高值,胸主动脉未见明显的病理改变。结论:臭氧急性暴露可影响大鼠的动脉血压、血流变及胆固醇代谢,可能的机制是臭氧暴露导致炎症反应和氧化应激反应,引起血管内皮功能损伤,并且随着臭氧暴露浓度升高血管内皮细胞功能损伤越显著。     

北京夏季地表臭氧污染分布特征及其对植物的伤害效应

臭氧是重要的空气氧化剂,适当浓度的臭氧可以消菌杀毒,但过高浓度的臭氧可能对生物健康构成威胁。随着城市汽车保有量的迅速上升,臭氧的前体物氮氧化物和VOCs排放增多,臭氧浓度随之不断升高,地表臭氧污染日趋严重。地表臭氧的分布特征以及其对植物的胁迫伤害效应引起了人们的重视。是通过监测北京夏季地表臭氧污染分布规律,鉴定是否有植物受到臭氧伤害,以及受伤害植物的种类及地理分布特征,为城市与区域臭氧风险评估提供依据。从2012年7月4日到8月30日,采用被动采样分析的方法,在北京东北、西北、西南、东南郊区以及城区设置了10个研究样点,监测平均臭氧浓度的变化。同时,运用"森林健康专家咨询系统"鉴定植物受臭氧伤害的特征。结果表明:(1)监测期间,北京西部和北部山区的臭氧浓度高于平原地区;在平原地区,公园中的臭氧浓度高于道旁绿化带;山区的臭氧浓度平均为105.39μg/m3,公园中为68.49μg/m3,道旁绿化带为56.54μg/m3;(2)在北京的公园和山区发现了18种植物符合"森林健康专家咨询系统"所述臭氧伤害特征,有五叶地锦(Parthenocissus quinquefolia)、核桃(Juglans regia)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、喇叭花(Pharbitis purpurea)、桑树(Morus alba)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)、国槐(Sophora japonica)金叶槐(Sophora japonica f.flavi-rameus)、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、重瓣棣棠花(Kerria japonica)、山香(Hyptis suaveolens)、决明(Cassia tora)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、黄花柳(Salix caprea)、大花地榆(Sanguisorba sitchensis)、火炬树(Rhus typhina)、大豆(Glycine max)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus);没有在道旁绿化带的植物叶片发现臭氧伤害症状;(3)臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)幼树臭氧伤害症状明显,易于辨认,且臭椿出现频率最高,是分布广泛的乡土树种,适合作为臭氧污染指示植物。     

臭氧对植物的影响

臭氧（Ｏ３）是一种主要的光化学氧化剂。由汽车废气及石油、煤炭等燃烧排入大气的碳氢化合物（ＨＣ）和氮氧化物（ＮＯｘ）等一次污染物在阳光（紫外线）作用下,会发生光化学反应,生成氧化能力很强的二次污染物,包括Ｏ３、过氧乙酰硝酸酯和醛类等化学氧化剂。其中很大部分是Ｏ３,约占９０％以上。目前,Ｏ３已是分布很广泛的大气污染物,成为突出的环境污染问题,严重影响植物的生长发育。一、Ｏ３对植物的伤害症状及伤害阈值植物受Ｏ３伤害的症状,一般出现于成熟的叶片上,嫩叶不易出现症状。受害后出现伤斑,零星分布于全叶各部分。…     

臭氧暴露对大豆叶片群体光合作用及产量的影响

臭氧（O₃）已经成为我国许多大中城市夏季的首要污染物,其具有较强的植物毒性,严重威胁农业安全。O₃污染常发生于高温晴天,具有间歇性和累积性的特点,但现有研究多集中于在叶片尺度上探究长期O₃暴露对植物生理过程的影响,而间歇性暴露对植物整株生长和光合生理特性的影响鲜有报道。以大豆为实验对象,依托开顶式气室（OTC）进行间歇性臭氧暴露,探究大豆叶片群体光合作用及产量对间歇性O₃暴露的响应。结果发现（1）间歇性O₃暴露具有累积性和恢复性,在低O₃暴露剂量（AOT40≤2.47μL L^-1 h^-1）处理下,大豆植株的净光合速率降低,但与对照组无显著差异。当AOT40较高时（AOT40≤5.35μL L^-1 h^-1）,大豆植株的净光合速率显著降低,而随着O₃胁迫的消失,大豆植株的净光合速率逐渐回升,并最终恢复。（2）不同的光合参数对间歇性臭氧暴露敏感性不同,其中最大净光合速率最为敏感。在低AOT40下最大净光合速率显著降低,且恢复时间更长。（3） O₃二次暴露后,净光合速率降低幅度较低,且恢复更快,说明间歇性O₃暴露可能会提高大豆的耐受阈值。（4）当AOT40低于5.35μL L^-1 h^-1时,对大豆产量无显著影响,说明间歇性臭氧暴露条件下,大豆减产阈值更高。     

稳定溶解臭氧水对皮肤创面炎症的治疗效果

目的:探讨浓度为1.8-3.2 mg/L溶解臭氧水冲洗控制皮肤创口炎症引发的红肿痛的临床效果。方法:将40例接受激光皮肤除斑治疗的患者分为两组,其中实验组20例患者采用浓度为1.8-3.2 mg/L溶解臭氧水冲洗皮肤创面,而对照组20例患者采用冰袋冷敷的方式处理创面。观察并比较两组患者皮肤创面红肿的改善情况以及两种治疗方法的临床效果。结果:1疼痛症状改善情况:实验组显效20例,对照组显效0例,实验组患者显效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。2临床体征改善情况:实验组显效20例,对照组显效0例,实验组患者显效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:浓度1.8-3.2mg/L溶解臭氧水对于炎症引发的皮肤创面红肿症状具有显著的疗效,不仅能够抑制炎症发展,而且有利于促进创面愈合,值得在临床广泛推广应用。     

臭氧对农作物影响的模型

对流层臭氧(O3)浓度增加对作物的不利影响已受到广泛关注,臭氧模型研究自然已成为该领域的热点之一。建立有效的模型对臭氧造成的作物产量损失进行评估和预测,能为中国臭氧污染的控制和农业安全提供科学依据。根据模型与作物生长关系的紧密程度,可将其分为统计模型和机理模型2大类。本文依据模型的研究进程,依次阐述了浓度响应、剂量响应、通量响应3个统计模型;重点分析国内外影响较大的CLASS、Martin和AFRCWHEAT2-O33个机理模型;指出各模型的局限性,并对相关研究发展方向的可行性措施进行讨论。     

臭氧对春小麦生长的影响及稀土的防护效应

臭氧对春小麦生长的影响及稀土的防护效应ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＯＺＯＮＥＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＳＰＲＩＮＧＷＨＥＡＴＡＮＤＴＨＥＰＲＥＶＥＮＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＡＲＥＥＡＲＴＨＴＯＯＺＯＮＥＩＮＪＵＲＹ臭氧是一种严重危害植物的大气污染物,虽然目前对臭氧防护的机制尚待...     

低浓度臭氧对小鼠生长发育的影响

目的研究低浓度臭氧对小鼠生长发育的影响。方法实验组小鼠和对照组小鼠分别在15w紫外灯照射产生的低浓度臭氧环境下和正常无臭氧环境下连续饲养7周,观察其体重变化;阴道涂片镜检观察雌性小鼠的动情周期。7周后,取脑、心、肝、脾、肺、肾等组织标本,做组织病理学分析;利用全自动生化分析仪对部分血清生化指标进行测定,利用放免试剂盒对血清性激素水平进行测定。结果实验组雌性小鼠体重与对照组雌性小鼠差异无统计学意义,实验组雄性小鼠体重比对照组雄性小鼠轻;实验组雌性小鼠的动情周期与对照组雌性小鼠差异无统计学意义;实验组与对照组小鼠的组织切片均未发现异常;实验组小鼠的血清生化指标以及血清性激素水平与对照组小鼠差异无统计学意义。结论本实验中紫外灯照射产生的低浓度臭氧对昆明小鼠的生长发育基本无影响。     

胃肠安对胃癌细胞氧化应激及炎症活化的影响

目的：观察中药胃肠安对胃癌细胞的丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及核转录因子NF-KB表达的影响,并探讨胃肠安在胃癌微环境中氧化应激及炎症活化的作用。方法：获取胃肠安药物血清,以胃癌细胞（SGC-7901细胞株）为研究对象,设对照组和胃肠安处理组,检测胃癌细胞SOD、MDA、LDH的水平,WesternBlot检测胃癌细胞NF—KB蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组相比,胃肠安处理组中胃癌细胞MDA、LDH降低,而SOD水平升高;对照组胃癌细胞NF-KB蛋白相对表达量为（0．68±0．12）,与对照组相比,胃肠安处理组胃癌细胞NF—KB蛋白相对表达量（0．36±0．04）降低。结论：胃肠安可通过抑制胃癌细胞的氧化应激和炎症,改变肿瘤细胞生存微环境,最终可能发挥抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其具体效应有待深入研究。     

Biomarkers of oxidative stress study V: Ozone exposure of rats and its effect on lipids,proteins, and DNA in plasma and urine

Ozone exposure effect on free radical-catalyzed oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the plasma and urine of rats was studied as a continuation of the international Biomarker of Oxidative Stress Study (BOSS) sponsored by NIEHS/NIH. The goal was to identify a biomarker for ozone-induced oxidative stress and to assess whether inconsistent results often reported in the literature might be due to the limitations of the available methods for measuring the various types of oxidative products. The time- and dose-dependent effects of ozone exposure on rat plasma lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, F₂-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, methionine oxidation, and tyrosine- and phenylalanine oxidation products, as well as urinary malondialdehyde and F₂-isoprostanes were investigated with various techniques. The criterion used to recognize a marker in the model of ozone exposure was that a significant effect could be identified and measured in a biological fluid seen at both doses at more than one time point. No statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups at either ozone dose and time point studied could be identified in this study. Tissue samples were not included. Despite all the work accomplished in the BOSS study of ozone, no available product of oxidation in biological fluid has yet met the required criteria of being a biomarker. The current negative findings as a consequence of ozone exposure are of great importance, because they document that in complex systems, as the present in vivo experiment, the assays used may not provide meaningful data of ozone oxidation, especially in human studies.     

Temporal and spatial distribution of biogenic silica and its significance in the Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake

In this work, the concentrations, temporal and spatial distributions and the relationship between biogenic silica (BSi) and primary productivity are discussed on the basis of the geochemistry character of BSi in the water–sediment system of the Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake. The results show that the average concentrations of SiO₃^2- and BSi are 3.0 mg/L and 3.5 mg/g in the overlying water and sediments from the Wuliangsuhai Lake, respectively, while they are 1.0 mg/L and 7.5 mg/g, respectively, in the Daihai Lake. It is the uptake and assimilation of diatom phytoplankton which results in the significant difference of the SiO₃^2- concentrations between the two lakes, and the inputs of surface runoff is one of the important factors in impacting the spatial distributions of SiO₃^2- in the overlying water. The spatial distributions of BSi suggest the Si source of the two lakes and indicate the differences of eutrophication types and ancient primary producer between the two lakes. The eutrophication precesses and ancient primary productivity of diatom phytoplankton are reconstructed by applying the geochemistry information of BSi archived in the vertical concentration profiles in the two lake sediments. The geochemistry information of BSi well responds to the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of the Daihai drainage basin indicating silicate limitation of primary productivity by diatoms phytoplankton in the Daihai Lake.     

Temporal and spatial distribution of biogenic silica and its significance in the Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake

In this work, the concentrations, temporal and spatial distributions and the relationship between biogenic silica (BSi) and primary productivity are discussed on the basis of the geochemistry character of BSi in the water–sediment system of the Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake. The results show that the average concentrations of SiO₃^2- and BSi are 3.0 mg/L and 3.5 mg/g in the overlying water and sediments from the Wuliangsuhai Lake, respectively, while they are 1.0 mg/L and 7.5 mg/g, respectively, in the Daihai Lake. It is the uptake and assimilation of diatom phytoplankton which results in the significant difference of the SiO₃^2- concentrations between the two lakes, and the inputs of surface runoff is one of the important factors in impacting the spatial distributions of SiO₃^2- in the overlying water. The spatial distributions of BSi suggest the Si source of the two lakes and indicate the differences of eutrophication types and ancient primary producer between the two lakes. The eutrophication precesses and ancient primary productivity of diatom phytoplankton are reconstructed by applying the geochemistry information of BSi archived in the vertical concentration profiles in the two lake sediments. The geochemistry information of BSi well responds to the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of the Daihai drainage basin indicating silicate limitation of primary productivity by diatoms phytoplankton in the Daihai Lake.     

三峡库区大宁河鱼类的时空分布特征

为了解大宁河鱼类资源量及其分布特点,于2006年12月和2007年4月利用HTI Model 241鱼探仪对三峡库区大宁河进行了声学调查。结果表明：冬季鱼类密度显著高于春季,这与鱼类自身的繁殖越冬行为有关。统计分析显示,鱼类水平分布的差异与水深没有明显的相关性,可能主要由群聚行为引起。另外,冬季大宁河鱼类主要分布在中下层,上层和中下层的鱼类密度分布存在极显著性差异(p <0.01);春季鱼类主要分布在中上层,中层和下层的鱼类密度分布差异显著(p <0.05)。大宁河鱼类在冬季和春季均属于成群分布,并且春季各层鱼类密度的变异系数高于冬季,这与水温和鱼类的防御机制有关。     

Sex differences impact the pancreatic response to chronic immobilization stress in rats

Chronic stress has been related to multiple diseases. Inflammation is proposed strongly to link stress to stress-related diseases in different organs, such as small intestine, colon, and brain. However, stress cellular effect on the pancreatic tissue, especially the exocrine one, had received relatively little attention. This work aimed to evaluate the cellular effect of chronic immobilization stress on the pancreatic tissue function and structure along with evaluating the sex role in this type of pancreatic injury. Thirty rats were equally divided into 5 groups: control male, control female, stressed male, stressed female, and stressed female with bilateral ovariectomy. Stressed rats were exposed to immobilization for 1 h/day, 6 days/week, for 3 weeks. Rats were then decapitated for further biochemical, histological, histo-morphometric, and immunohistochemical study. The results showed that, in male and female rats, chronic immobilization stress produced hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, with increasing exocrine pancreatic injury markers by increasing oxidative and inflammatory status of the pancreatic tissue, and exhibited a degenerative effect on the pancreatic tissue. However, the stress-induced pancreatic effects were more obvious in male rats and female rats with bilateral ovariectomy than that in female rats. It could be concluded that male animals were more susceptible to stress-induced pancreatic damage than females. The ovarian hormones are responsible, at least partly, for pancreatic tissue protection since the stress-induced pancreatic injury in females was exacerbated by ovariectomy. In this study, inflammatory and oxidative stress differences in both sexes could provide a plausible explanation for sex differences.     

Emerging role of selenium in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: An insight on its antioxidant properties

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an inflammatory disease primarily involves the inflamed synovium, affecting about 0.5–1 % population worldwide. It is the assumption from many years that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory disorders like RA and many others. The significance of micronutrients in arthritis is linked to their role as a cofactor for the activation of selenoenzymes. Dietary interventions can manage the clinical symptoms of RA like pain, swelling and tenderness of joints and their associated disability along the progression of disease. This review highlights the antioxidant potential of selenium in treatment of RA along with the scientific evidence that Se supplementation can reduce disease progression by managing its clinical symptoms.     

Peroxisomes, oxidative stress, and inflammation

Peroxisomes are intracellular organelles mediating a wide variety of biosynthetic and biodegradative reactions.Included among these are the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive species,molecules whose levels help define the oxidative state of cells.Loss of oxidative equilibrium in cells of tissues and organs potentiates inflammatory responses which can ultimately trigger human disease.The goal of this article is to review evidence for connections between peroxisome function,oxidative stress,and inflammation in the context of human health and degenerative disease.Dysregulated points in this nexus are identified and potential remedial approaches are presented.     

Effects of zinc supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background & ObjectiveCurrent evidence is debatable regarding the feasible effects of zinc supplementation on the inflammation and oxidative stress status of adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this inconclusiveness.Materials and MethodsLiterature search was conducted via online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until June 2020. The overall effect was presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) at 95 % confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis model. Publication bias was also assessed using Egger’s and Begg’s statistics.ResultsIn total, 25 clinical trials (n = 1428) were reviewed, which indicated that zinc supplementation significantly affects the concentration of C- reactive protein (WMD: -0.03 mg/l; 95 % CI: -0.06, 0.0; P = 0.029), interlukin-6 (WMD: -3.81 pg/mL; 95 % CI: -6.87, -0.76; P = 0.014), malondialdehyde (WMD: -0.78 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -1.14, -0.42; P < 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD: 95.96 mmol/l; 95 % CI: 22.47, 169.44; P = 0.010). In addition, a significant between-study heterogeneity and a non-significant increment was reported in nitric oxide (WMD: 1.47 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -2.45, 5.40; P = 0.461) and glutathione (WMD: 34.84 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -5.12, 74.80; P = 0.087).ConclusionAccording to the results, zinc supplementation may have beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in adults.     

红壤坡地不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀的时空分布规律研究

应用定位土芯Eu(Europium)示踪新方法 ,研究红壤坡地不同土地利用方式下土壤侵蚀的时空分布规律 .结果表明 ,新方法对以片蚀和细沟侵蚀为主的红壤坡地是适用的 ;土壤侵蚀的时间分布与降雨量的年时间分布相一致 ,过程性暴雨期表现为全年土壤侵蚀的高峰期 ;在复合坡面 ,随坡面的陡、缓、凹 ,土壤侵蚀表现强、弱、沉积 ;相同坡度和坡长条件下 ,幼龄板栗园的土壤侵蚀速率 >雷竹园 >稀疏马尾松林地 >茶园 .