耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星的耐药性观察

目的对比研究左氧氟沙星和常用的12种抗生素对92株耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性.方法药敏试验采用K-B纸片扩散法.结果左氧氟沙星对耐亚胺培南菌株的耐药率为43.48%;显著低于头胞噻肟、头胞西丁、头胞他定、头胞哌酮、氧氟沙星和洛美沙星(P＜0.02或P＜0.001);和诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、舒普深、妥布霉素的耐药率无差异([ WTBX P＞0.05).结论左氧氟沙星对耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌有良好的抗菌活性.     

左氧氟沙星浸涂导管对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的影响

目的评估左氧氟沙星（levofloxacin,LFX）浸涂导管抑制铜绿假单胞菌粘附、定植,防止生物膜形成的能力。方法体外部分：制备LFX浸涂导管。LFX浸涂导管、PVC导管分别浸没在5 mL 50%LB培养液中（含PAO1 108CFU/mL）,37℃孵育6、12、24和48 h,在各时间点,予导管表面和导管培养液进行细菌计数。体内部分：小鼠皮下植入LFX浸涂导管或PVC导管,沿着导管注射PAO1菌液50μL（107CFU）。第1、5天,对植入导管及导管周围组织进行细菌计数及扫描电镜（SEM）观察。结果 （1）LFX浸涂导管显示药物的快速释放。（2）在各孵育时间点,LFX浸涂导管及导管培养液的细菌数较PVC导管均明显减少（P〈0.05）。（3）小鼠感染第1、5天,LFX浸涂植入导管表面没有或很少细菌;LFX浸涂导管较PVC导管能明显减少植入导管周围组织的细菌量（P〈0.05）。（4）SEM观察：感染第1、5天,LFX浸涂导管表面散在单个细菌或者没有细菌;而第1天,PVC导管表面大量细菌分散存在。第5天,导管表面＂珊瑚状＂生物膜形成。结论 LFX浸涂导管能抑制铜绿假单胞菌粘附、定植,防止生物膜形成,从而有效降低导管生物膜相关感染的发生。     

哌拉西林他唑巴坦与头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦治疗COPD合并铜绿假单胞菌感染的疗效和安全性对比

摘要 目的：对比哌拉西林他唑巴坦与头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并铜绿假单胞菌感染的疗效和安全性。方法：选择2017年1月至2020年1月我院呼吸科住院治疗的60例COPD合并铜绿假单胞菌感染患者纳入研究,通过抽签法分为A组和B组,各30例。A组在常规治疗基础上给予哌拉西林他唑巴坦,B组在常规治疗基础上给予头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦,均持续治疗7 d。比较A组和B组患者的临床疗效、一般治疗情况、血清实验室指标、血气指标的变化及不良反应。结果：治疗后7 d,A组患者的临床疗效、细菌清除率结果分别为93.33%、83.33%,B组为90.00%、76.67%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A组体温正常时间、白细胞计数（WBC）正常时间、肺部炎症病灶消失时间、住院时间分别为（2.68±0.47）d、（5.05±0.53）d、（9.21±1.30）d、（10.02±1.94）d,均明显短于B组的（3.31±0.51）d、（6.52±0.60）d、（10.37±1.88）d、（11.69±1.61）d,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后3 d时,A组患者的WBC、C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）分别为（10.38±1.75）×109/L、（9.75±1.55）mg/L、（1.94±0.31）μg/L,均明显低于B组的（12.10±2.18）×109/L、（11.18±1.64）mg/L、（2.26±0.29）μg/L,治疗后7 d时,A组患者的WBC、CRP、PCT分别为（6.29±1.40）×109/L、（5.91±0.77）mg/L、（0.86±0.20）μg/L,均明显低于B组的（7.55±1.37）×109/L、（7.04±1.29）mg/L、（1.17±0.34）μg/L,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组患者的动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、血氧分压（PaO2）分别为（92.11±3.06）%、（68.37±5.13）mmHg,均明显高于B组的（88.64±3.18）%、（62.84±3.20）mmHg,二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）为（44.12±3.03）mmHg,明显低于B组的（48.49±4.21）mmHg,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：哌拉西林他唑巴坦与头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦对COPD合并铜绿假单胞菌感染患者均具有较好的抗菌效果及安全性,但哌拉西林他唑巴坦可缩短恢复时间,临床应用价值更高。     

铜绿假单胞菌的双组分系统

双组分系统是存在于原核和少部分真核生物细胞中的信号转导系统,主要由组氨酸蛋白激酶和反应调节蛋白组成,通过感应外界环境信号、信号输入、磷酸基团传递、信号输出等环节调节基因表达,使细胞能更加适应环境变化。铜绿假单胞菌为条件致病菌,其双组分系统构成多样、功能复杂且参与介导耐药性产生,因此铜绿假单胞菌的双组分系统日益引起人们关注。本文对铜绿假单胞菌双组分系统的组成、信号转导机制、种类、研究方法及其临床意义进行了综述。     

野生型铜绿假单胞菌和新型mucA突变铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成的动态观察

目的观察新型mucA突变的粘液型菌株PA17和野生型菌株PAO1生物膜(biofilm,BF)形成的动态过程,并比较2株菌生物膜形成过程的差异。方法 SYTO9/PI荧光探针标记PAO1和PA17,体外建立1d,3d,5d,9d时间点PAO1及PA17的BF模型,激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察两株菌BF动态形成的过程。结果通过SYTO9/PI双染可以动态观察PAO1菌株和PA17菌株的BF形成过程;PAO1菌株和PA17菌株的BF形成过程有差异:PAO1菌株1d时已形成微菌落,3d时形成覆盖整个玻片的生物膜结构,而PA17菌株1d时仅有散在的不可逆粘附细菌,3d时才形成微菌落,5d时形成生物膜结构;随着时间的推移,2株菌生物膜形成的厚度均逐渐增加,且死菌的比例也逐渐增加。结论 PAO1和PA17BF的动态形成过程存在差异,而PA17与PAO1生物膜形成存在的差异可能与其mucA基因突变造成大量藻酸盐的产生有关。     

环丙沙星耐药的铜绿假单胞菌药敏情况分析

目的了解对环丙沙星耐药的铜绿假单胞菌的药敏情况。方法细菌的鉴定及药敏试验,均采用法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK2微生物鉴定与药敏系统,选择经VITEK2测定耐环丙沙星的铜绿假单胞菌(耐药株)68株及对环丙沙星敏感的铜绿假单胞菌(敏感株)67株,统计分析两者对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、哌拉西林和哌拉西林他唑巴坦等几种临床上常用抗生素的药敏情况。结果耐药株对以上6种抗生素的敏感率分别为亚胺培南706%,阿米卡星206%,庆大霉素191%,头孢他啶279%,哌拉西林632%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦721%。而敏感株对6种抗生素的敏感率则分别为925%、328%、687%、657%、881%与896%,明显高于耐药株,经χ2检验,除阿米卡星005相似文献   

铜绿假单胞菌生物降解特性的研究进展

近年来在环境污染物的生物降解研究方面有了很大进展。铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomon asaeruginosa,PA)作为重要的降解菌株之一,具有较强的降解能力,可降解物质种类广泛,在环境污染物的生物降解中具有重要作用并占据重要地位。本文综述了PA的降解特性、代谢途径、遗传基础与酶系及促降解物质在生物降解方面的研究进展。     

铜绿假单胞菌对11种抗生素的耐药性差异

目的探讨不同标本分离铜绿假单胞菌对11种抗生素耐药性的差异,指导临床合理使用抗生素。方法按常规方法培养分离后,经VITEK-AMS60或VITEK-II自动微生物鉴定分析仪的鉴定,用Kirty-Bauer法做药物敏感试验。结果尿液与血液之间,以及尿液与伤口分泌物之间,分离株均对所检测的11种抗生素的耐药性差异有非常显著性（P〈0.01）,尿液与穿刺液分离菌对除亚胺培南和美洛培南外的9种抗生素的耐药性差异有非常显著性（P〈0.01）,血液与穿刺液、血液与伤口分泌物和穿刺液与伤口分泌物间,除穿刺液与伤口分泌物分离菌对美洛培南的耐药性差异有显著性（P〈0.05）外,其他差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论不同标本来源铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林等11种抗生素存在耐药性差异。     

铜绿假单胞菌异质性耐药的研究进展

异质性耐药是指细菌中的同源亚群对某种抗生素表现出不同的敏感性,被认为是细菌由敏感进化成完全耐药的中间阶段.常规的临床检验无法有效检测出异质性耐药,这对临床治疗用药造成了巨大的威胁,引起患者的反复感染和用药失败.铜绿假单胞菌作为医院内感染的主要条件致病菌之一,其耐药机制已被广泛研究,而异质性耐药研究则相对较少.本文主要就...     

铜绿假单胞菌生物膜分散的研究近况

细菌分泌胞外多糖附着在物体表面组成一个结构性群体即生物膜,导致对抗生素的强抵抗性和感染的迁延不愈。反过来,已形成的生物膜也可以分散为游离菌,许多环境物质能够促进该分散过程,并且这些物质与抗生素合用对生物膜有强大的对抗作用。从生物膜到浮游菌是个复杂的过程,目前关于铜绿假单胞菌生物膜分散的特征、机制、诱导分子等已经引起了学者的强烈兴趣,随着问题的深入研究必然会给人类治疗生物膜所致的难治性感染带来更大的意义。     

Antibody response to acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a burn wound

Abstract Immunoblotting techniques were used to study the antibody response of a burn patient during the acute phase of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The results showed the presence in the patient's serum of antibodies to outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) including iron-regulated membrane proteins (IRMPs) of the infecting strain of P. aeruginosa as well as a representative index of Enterobacteriaceae. The patient's serum also contained antibodies which reacted with OMPs of other serotypes of P. aeruginosa .     

氨溴索与碳酸氢钠序贯灌洗佐治支气管扩张感染疗效分析

目的探讨氨溴索与碳酸氢钠灌洗治疗支气管扩张反复感染的疗效及意义。方法将支气管扩张反复感染住院患者,分为灌洗组(常规治疗方法 +支气管局部注药灌洗34例)、对照组(常规治疗方法 38例),治疗2周后进行临床评估,随访半年。结果灌洗组总有效率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),半年急性加重次数与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在常规治疗基础上局部氨溴索、碳酸氢钠序贯灌洗能提高支气管扩张感染疗效、减少半年急性加重次数、改善生活质量,通过改善微环境来维持菌群平衡值得借鉴、推广。     

铜绿假单胞菌感染的非抗生素治疗研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌是引起多种人体感染的常见致病菌,目前主要采用抗生素治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染.由于铜绿假单胞菌能对多种抗生素产生抗性,导致传统的抗生素治疗面临非常大的挑战.因而铜绿假单胞菌感染的非抗生素治疗方法受到了广泛重视,并取得了可喜的研究进展.本文从抗原抗体免疫疗法、噬菌体疗法、抗毒力因子疗法三个方面就铜绿假单胞菌的非抗生...     

Efficacy of silver-releasing rubber for the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in water

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Elastoguard? silver-releasing rubber in preventing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in water. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa under various conditions in an in vitro model system was compared for silver-releasing and conventional rubber. Under most conditions tested, the numbers of sessile cells attached to silver-releasing rubber were considerably lower with reference to conventional rubber, although the effect diminished with increasing volumes. The release of silver also resulted in a decrease in planktonic cells. By exposing both materials simultaneously to conditions for biofilm growth, it became obvious that the antibiofilm effect was due to a reduction in the number of planktonic cells, rather than to contact-dependent killing of sessile cells. The data demonstrate that the use of silver-releasing rubber reduces P. aeruginosa biofilm in water and reduces the number of planktonic cells present in the surrounding solution.     

Volatile biomarkers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis and noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether volatile organic compounds specific to Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be detected in clinical sputum specimens. Methods and Results: Patients were recruited from specialist bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis clinics. The gold standard for diagnosing Ps. aeruginosa infection was a positive sputum culture. About 72 sputum headspace samples taken from patients at risk of or known to have prior Ps. aeruginosa infection were analysed by solid phase micro‐extraction mass spectrometry. 2‐nonanone was a marker in Ps. aeruginosa in sputum headspace gas with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 88%. A combination of volatile compounds, a sputum library of 17 compounds with 2‐nonanone, increased sensitivity in the detection of Ps. aeruginosa to 91% with specificity of 88%. Conclusions: In contrast to the 48‐hour turnaround for classical microbiological culture, these results were available within 1–2 h. These data demonstrate the potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis of Ps. aeruginosa infection from sputum samples. Significance and impact of the study: 2‐Nonanone is a compound requiring further study in the exhaled breath as it may improve diagnostic of Ps. aeruginosa infection when combined with other reported volatile markers.     

Evidence for the location of OprM in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane

Abstract OprM with a M _r of 49 K is associated with the multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Detergent fractionation of bacterial cells has demonstrated that OprM is located in the outer membrane from which it sediments with the other major outer membrane proteins. In this study we have determined the location of OprM as the P. aeruginosa outer membrane. Western immunoblots of cell fractions, obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of whole cell lysates, were probed with an OprM-specific murine polyclonal antiserum.     

哈尔滨市112株绿脓杆菌的血清学分型和耐药性测定

对从临床分离的112株绿脓杆菌进行系统鉴定后,血清学分型表明:6、2和3型分别占32.14％、15.18％、15.18％,为主要流行型,共占总分离株的62.50％。耐药性测定结果为:对10种抗生素5耐以上者占69.6％。其中对多粘菌素、妥布霉素、丁胺卡那霉素三种抗生素最为敏感,敏感率分别为100％、70.6％、86.5％。     

Auxotrophy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis

Seventy-four of 403 (18.4%) sputum isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 49 of 136 (36.0%) adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) were auxotrophic mutants. Two of 11 (18.2%) isolates of P. aeruginosa taken from patients with non-CF bronchiectasis were also auxotrophic. All 99 strains taken from non-bronchiectatic sources were prototrophic. Forty-six of 55 (83.6%) CF auxotrophs required one or more of 36 growth factors tested; the requirements for the remaining 9 isolates were not identified. Methionine was the sole factor required by 17 of 22 (77.3%) isolated which depended on a single factor. We conclude that auxotrophy is a feature of P. aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis.