链球菌-韦荣菌共生对系统性疾病的诊断价值研究

口腔是人体生理功能的窗口,也是种类和数量繁多的微生物库.口腔微生态变化能够反映宿主与环境因素的相互作用,进而影响机体健康和疾病的进展.其中,链球菌属(Streptococcus)和韦荣菌属(Veillonella)是口腔最早的定殖菌和典型共生菌,共同参与口腔早期生物膜形成.大量研究显示,链球菌和韦荣菌共生失调不仅与龋病...     

唾液菌群特征分析对儿童龋齿复发的预测价值

目的探究唾液菌群特征对儿童龋齿复发的预测价值。方法收集2017年1月至2018年1月在中铁十七局集团有限公司中心医院诊断及治疗的龋齿患儿94例,在进行龋齿治疗后第4周搜集唾液样本,并根据12个月后的龋齿发生情况分为复发组及未复发组,对比两组微生物检测结果,并使用ROC曲线评估微生物指标对龋齿复发的预测效能。结果本研究随访结束时,龋齿复发23例(25.84%)。龋齿复发与未复发组的唾液微生物组成存在显著差异:复发组的变形链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)、内氏放线菌(Actinomyces naeslundii)、普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、二氧化碳噬纤维菌属(Capnocytophaga)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、放线菌属(Actinobacillus)的相对丰度显著高于未复发组(均P<0.05),未复发组在纤毛杆菌属(Leptotrichia)、奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)的相对丰度显著高于复发组(均P<0.05)。纤毛杆菌属、内氏放线菌、普雷沃氏菌属、变形链球菌载量预测龋齿复发的AUC值分别为0.753、0.715、0.680、0.940,其中变形链球菌的AUC值显著高于其他三种菌属(均P<0.05)。结论分析唾液菌群对儿童龋齿的复发具有一定的预测价值,其中变形链球菌的预测效能较好。     

胃微生物菌群与幽门螺杆菌感染的胃贲门腺癌发病相关性分析

目的研究胃微生物菌群与胃贲门腺癌发病的相关性。方法选择2016年4月-2018年4月在本院就诊的胃贲门腺癌(GCA)患者109例。患者均经病理科组织病理确诊为GCA。对照组为健康人群100例,根据有无H.pylori检出将对照组和GCA组患者分为有H.pylori和无H.pylori感染,其中对照组H.pylori检出19例,未检出81例,GCA组H.pylori检出53例,未检出56例。用胃镜采集贲门胃黏膜,置于无菌冻存管放入液氮中保存,使用16SrRNA的方法进行胃黏膜微生物检测。结果 GCA组患者幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染例数明显高于对照组,无论有无H.pylori感染的对照组人群中,丰度较高的菌属是不动杆菌(Acinetobacter),罗斯氏菌(Rothia),嗜血杆菌(Haemophi-lus),拟杆菌(Bacteroides),链球菌(Streptococcus),韦荣球菌(Veillonella),普氏菌(Prevotella)。无H.pylori组内,GCA组样本中普氏菌(Prevotella)、瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、盐单胞菌(Halomonas)丰度明显高于对照组,有H.pylori组内,GCA组样本中普氏菌(Prevotella)、瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、盐单胞菌(Halomonas)、卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas)、梭杆菌(Fusobacterium)丰度明显高于对照组,不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)明显低于对照组。有H.pylori的GCA组样本中普氏菌(Prevotella)、瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、盐单胞菌(Halomonas)、卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas)、梭杆菌(Fusobacterium)丰度明显高于无H.pylori的GCA组,不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)明显低于无H.py-lori的GCA组。结果还发现GCA与普氏菌(Prevotella)、瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、盐单胞菌(Halomonas)、卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas)、梭杆菌(Fusobacterium)正相关,与不动杆菌(Acineto-bacter)负相关。结论 GCA患者胃内菌群数量和分布与健康人群存在明显差异,H.pylori可能影响胃内菌群结构在GCA发病中发挥作用。     

强直性脊柱炎患者咽部菌群变化

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎患者的咽部菌群变化。方法筛选入组7例强直性脊柱炎患者和7例健康者咽拭子样本,提取咽部DNA,扩增16SrRNA基因,在Illumina平台测序,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果从ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数综合来看强直性脊柱炎患者的咽部菌群Alpha多样性差异不大。Beta多样性分析显示两组研究对象咽部菌群样本可被区分。强直性脊柱炎患者咽部菌群组成和含量发生显著改变,主要变化包括:拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)显著降低。拟杆菌门中普雷沃杆菌属(Prevotella)相关的纲目科属水平都显著降低。放线菌门变化落实到属水平,放线菌属(Actinomyces)显著降低,丙酸杆菌属(Propionibacterium)和棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)显著增高。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)中,芽胞杆菌纲(Bacilli)所属的与链球菌属(Streptococcus)相关的纲目科属水平显著增加,而梭状芽胞杆菌纲(Clostridia)包含的韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)、消化球菌属(Peptococcus)显著下降。此外,变形菌门中出现弧菌属(Vibrio)的增加和弯曲菌属(Campylobacter)的降低等变化。结论强直性脊柱炎患者(本次研究样本)的咽部菌群出现紊乱,以普雷沃杆菌属、放线菌属、韦荣球菌属、消化球菌属和弯曲菌属等显著降低,丙酸杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、链球菌属和弧菌属等显著增加为主要特征。     

非小细胞肺癌患者肠道微生物特征分析

【目的】分析非小细胞肺癌患者与肺部良性病变患者肠道微生物的构成差异,探究特异肠道菌群对非小细胞肺癌发生发展的影响。【方法】收集63例患者粪便样本,非小细胞肺癌患者39例,其中肺腺癌(ADC) 32例,肺鳞癌(SCC) 7例,肺部良性病变患者24例,进行16S rDNA测序。【结果】毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)和纺锤链杆属(Fusicatenibacter)在肺腺癌患者中显著富集,在肺鳞癌和肺部良性病变中无明显差异。嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)、普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)和柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)在肺部良性病变患者肠道中显著富集。【结论】非小细胞肺癌患者与肺部良性病变患者肠道中均存在特异的微生物菌群。     

干燥综合征患者肠道微生物菌落的分析

目的通过检测干燥综合征(Sj9gren′s syndrome,SS)患者粪便标本的微生物种群分布及外周血Treg细胞绝对计数,分析SS患者肠道菌群变化状态及其与Treg细胞的相关性,为临床诊疗提供新思路。方法通过采用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序平台对29例干燥综合征患者粪便标本中的16S rRNA V3区进行定性分析,与83例健康人粪便标本中菌群的多样性与丰富度统计数据进行比较,分析SS患者中差异性菌群丰富度及其与Treg细胞绝对计数的关系。结果两组研究对象性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与健康人对比,SS患者粪便菌群中细菌多样性低于健康对照组(P0.05),肠道菌群丰富度在门(Phylum)水平上厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌数量较正常对照组减少(P0.05),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)较健康对照组明显增加(均P0.05)。在科(Family)水平上链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriales)和乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)细菌数量较正常对照组明显升高(均P0.05),普雷沃菌科(Prevotellaceae)和Paraprevotellaceae较对照组明显减少(均P0.05)。在属(Genus)水平上Blautia、颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)和韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)细菌数量较正常对照组明显升高(均P0.05),而Roseburia、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)和普氏菌属(Prevotella)较正常对照组明显减少(均P0.05)。其中,SS患者粪便中韦荣球菌属的百分比与其外周血Treg细胞绝对计数呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论 SS患者肠道微生态环境中细菌群落的多样性和均衡性与正常人群存在明显差异,且韦荣球菌属水平的升高与外周血Treg细胞绝对计数呈显著负相关,肠道菌群紊乱或许参与了SS的发病过程。     

Real-time PCR分析滴虫性阴道炎患者微生物组成的变化

目的探寻滴虫性阴道炎患者阴道微生物组成的特点,为临床诊治及减少疾病的复发提供参考依据。方法选取2016年5-6月复旦大学附属华东医院妇科门诊45岁以下确诊为滴虫性阴道炎的育龄期患者16例,以同期18例45岁以下育龄期健康女性为对照,采集患者和健康人上阴道壁1/3处的分泌物,进行常规临床分析和革兰染色,并以21种常见的阴道细菌的特异引物进行Real-time PCR检测,分析并比较这些细菌在滴虫性阴道炎患者和健康人阴道内的组成及变化。结果在18例健康人中,其中13例的阴道微生物组成以乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)为优势菌,3例的阴道微生物组成无明显优势菌群或者优势菌不为检测的21种常见阴道微生物,2例的阴道微生物组成以加德纳菌为优势菌;在16例滴虫性阴道炎患者中,只有2例患者的阴道微生物菌群以乳酸杆菌为优势菌,14例以厌氧菌如普雷沃属(Prevotella)、纤毛菌(Leptotrichia)和斯尼思菌(Sneathia)为优势菌。经Metastats进行组间差异分析,结果表明Lactobacillus crispatus、Leptotrichia amnionii、Eggerthella sp.和Peptostreptococcus sp.在两组之间差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。PCoA主成分析结果亦显示滴虫性阴道炎患者的阴道常见21种微生物组成与健康人有显著差别。结论滴虫性阴道炎患者阴道内微生物组成的多样性增加,普雷沃属、纤毛菌及斯尼思菌的明显增高可能滴虫性阴道炎的炎症发生有关,此结果对于临床治疗滴虫性阴道炎的及减少复发提供新的方向,具有一定的指导意义。     

婴儿与母亲皮肤细菌群落结构的比较分析

为探索母婴皮肤细菌群落特征,本研究对8对母婴7个不同皮肤部位的细菌群落进行焦磷酸测序分析。结果显示,皮肤细菌主要属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。总体而言,母婴皮肤细菌群落的组成相似,但丰度存在差异。母亲皮肤表面的丙酸杆菌属(Propionibacterium)丰度显著高于婴儿(P<0.05)。在婴儿皮肤表面,链球菌属(Streptococcus)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)最丰富;剖宫产出生的婴儿额头表面葡萄球菌属的丰度显著高于自然分娩出生的婴儿(P<0.05)。婴儿皮肤表面特有的常驻菌属包括孪生球菌属(Gemella)、普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、罗思菌属(Rothia)和韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)与成人常见的口腔细菌一致,表明母亲的口腔细菌对婴儿早期皮肤微生态有一定的塑造作用。婴儿皮肤表面的细菌种类与自己母亲相近,各细菌的含量则与其他婴儿相近。母亲皮脂溢出部位(额头和背部)的细菌多样性较其他部位低,且皮肤潮湿、干燥、脂溢部位之间细菌群落差异较大;而婴儿背部细菌群落与肘窝相似,额头与手背相似。     

轻度支气管哮喘儿童的诱导痰菌群特征

目的探讨轻度支气管哮喘儿童的诱导痰菌群特征及临床意义。方法纳入年龄为6~12周岁于2018年11月至2019年1月在深圳市儿童医院呼吸科门诊定期复诊的轻度支气管哮喘患儿51例(哮喘组),留取诱导痰,匹配同年龄段97例健康无过敏儿童的口咽拭子作为对照。诱导痰及口咽拭子提取总DNA并扩增,对16S rRNA基因进行高通量测序并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果NMDS分析结果显示哮喘组与健康对照组研究对象菌群结构存在差异;哮喘组的诱导痰菌群多样性指数(Shannon index)高于健康对照组(2.34±0.53 vs 1.87±0.50,P<0.05)。门水平分析显示,哮喘组与健康对照组的菌群均主要为厚壁菌门(38.34%vs 44.74%,P<0.05)、变形杆菌门(31.14%vs 19.78%,P<0.05)、拟杆菌门(14.59%vs 20.52%,P<0.05)、放线菌门(10.41%vs 7.85%,P<0.05)和梭杆菌门(2.82%vs 6.67%,P<0.05),但两组之间的构成比有明显差异。与健康对照组相比,在属水平上哮喘组韦荣球菌属(5.27%vs 8.96%)、普雷沃菌属(8.38%vs 17.35%)、罗斯菌属(1.50%vs 5.46%)、纤毛菌属(1.37%vs 4.39%)等非条件致病菌属比例明显下降(均P<0.05),而嗜血杆菌属(9.83%vs 6.17%)、卟啉单胞菌属(2.48%vs 1.41%)、莫拉菌属(5.66%vs 0.42%)、诺卡菌属(3.40%vs 0.00%)等条件致病菌属比例明显上升(均P<0.05)。结论尽管轻度支气管哮喘患儿已临床控制,但诱导痰内菌群仍存在结构紊乱。气道菌群紊乱可能是儿童支气管哮喘的发病机制之一。除了致病菌属外,非致病菌菌属的构成变化可能也是儿童哮喘的一个发生机制。     

基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析安格斯牛瘤胃微生物多样性和功能预测的研究

本研究旨在系统探索和分析安格斯牛瘤胃微生物多样性及其基因功能。选用体重550 kg左右的安格斯牛6头分成2组,利用基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术检测牛瘤胃液样本进行组学分析。结果表明,2组样本通过Illumina Miseq测序平台共获得86 298条高质量优质序列,聚类为346个操作分类单元(OUT),经分类学鉴定分属13个门,21个纲,24个目,40个科,123个属。拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)43.16%和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)36.29%为优势菌群。基于属的组成,依次为普雷沃氏菌属_7 (Prevotella_7) 29.28%、琥珀酸弧菌科_UCG-001 (Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001)11.30%、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum) 11.10%、普雷沃氏菌属_1 (Prevotella_1) 6.65%、瘤胃球菌属_1(Ruminococcus_1) 5.17%、琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio) 2.75%等。16S功能预测和COG、KEGG代谢通路数据库对比发现,功能集中在氨基酸运输和代谢、碳水化合物转运及代谢的相关基因上,可能含有丰富的蛋白分解、转运及代谢酶相关基因和大量的纤维素以及木质素降解酶基因。经碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes)注释和KEGG代谢酶数据库比对显示,预测的功能基因糖苷水解酶和糖基转移酶所占比例较高;产乙酸和丁酸相关酶基因丰度较高。安格斯牛瘤胃内含有丰富的蛋白质分解、木质纤维素降解和挥发性脂肪酸生成菌群及酶系,为展示瘤胃微生物多样性,发现和筛选新的功能酶基因提供参考。     

Comparative analysis of salivary bacterial microbiome diversity in edentulous infants and their mothers or primary care givers using pyrosequencing

Bacterial contribution to oral disease has been studied in young children, but there is a lack of data addressing the developmental perspective in edentulous infants. Our primary objectives were to use pyrosequencing to phylogenetically characterize the salivary bacterial microbiome of edentulous infants and to make comparisons against their mothers. Saliva samples were collected from 5 edentulous infants (mean age?=?4.6±1.2 mo old) and their mothers or primary care givers (mean age?=?30.8±9.5 y old). Salivary DNA was extracted, used to generate DNA amplicons of the V4-V6 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene, and subjected to 454-pyrosequencing. On average, over 80,000 sequences per sample were generated. High bacterial diversity was noted in the saliva of adults [1012 operational taxonomical units (OTU) at 3% divergence] and infants (578 OTU at 3% divergence). Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were predominant bacterial phyla present in all samples. A total of 397 bacterial genera were present in our dataset. Of the 28 genera different (P<0.05) between infants and adults, 27 had a greater prevalence in adults. The exception was Streptococcus, which was the predominant genera in infant saliva (62.2% in infants vs. 20.4% in adults; P<0.05). Veillonella, Neisseria, Rothia, Haemophilus, Gemella, Granulicatella, Leptotrichia, and Fusobacterium were also predominant genera in infant samples, while Haemophilus, Neisseria, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Oribacterium, Rothia, Treponema, and Actinomyces were predominant in adults. Our data demonstrate that although the adult saliva bacterial microbiome had a greater OTU count than infants, a rich bacterial community exists in the infant oral cavity prior to tooth eruption. Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Neisseria are the predominant bacterial genera present in infants. Further research is required to characterize the development of oral microbiota early in life and identify environmental factors that impact colonization and oral and gastrointestinal disease risk.     

Areca (betel) nut chewing practices of adults and health behaviors of their children in the Freely Associated States,Micronesia: Findings from the Children’s Healthy Living (CHL) Program

BackgroundChewing areca (betel) nut has been deemed carcinogenic. The practice has become a public health concern in Micronesia. The Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program included an areca (betel) nut questionnaire in a survey of household characteristics in the Freely Associated States (FAS). This paper describes areca (betel) nut chewing practices of adults and the health behaviors of their children.MethodsA cross-section of 1200 children (2–8 year-olds) and their caregivers in Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Republic of Palau, Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Yap were recruited. Socio-demographics, adult areca (betel) nut chewing practices, and other health behaviors of children and adults were assessed. Child anthropometric measurements were collected to estimate weight status.ResultsThe FAS areca (betel) nut chewing prevalence was 42%, ranging from 3% (RMI) to 94% (Yap). Among chewers, 84% added tobacco, 97% added slaked lime, 85% added betel leaf, and 24% mixed the components with alcohol. Among FAS children, 95% practiced daily teeth-brushing and 53% visited the dentist annually. Compared to non-chewing households, areca (betel) nut chewing households were more likely to have very young children enrolled, more highly educated adults, and members that used tobacco and alcohol.ConclusionThe FAS areca (betel) nut chewing prevalence (42%) is above the world prevalence of 10–20%, with wide variability across the islands. The oral health findings in this study may inform future oral cancer prevention programs or policies. Regular monitoring of areca (betel) nut use is needed to measure the impact of such programs or policies.     

Epidemiology of areca (betel) nut use in the mariana islands: Findings from the University of Guam/University of Hawai`i cancer center partnership program

BackgroundAreca (betel) nut is considered a Group 1 human carcinogen shown to be associated with other chronic diseases in addition to cancer. This paper describes the areca (betel) nut chewing trend in Guam, and health behaviors of chewers in Guam and Saipan.MethodsThe areca (betel) nut module in the Guam Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey was used to calculate the 5-year (2011–2015) chewing trend. To assess the association between areca (betel) nut chewing and health risks in the Mariana Islands, a cross-section of 300 chewers, ≥18 years old, were recruited from households in Guam and Saipan. Self-reported socio-demographics, oral health behaviors, chronic disease status, diet, and physical activity were collected. Anthropometry was measured. Only areca (betel) nut-specific and demographic information were collected from youth chewers in the household.ResultsThe 5-year areca (betel) nut chewing prevalence in Guam was 11% and increased among Non-Chamorros, primarily other Micronesians, from 2011 (7%) to 2015 (13%). In the household survey, most adult chewers (46%) preferred areca nut with betel leaf, slaked lime, and tobacco. Most youth chewers (48%) preferred areca nut only. Common adult chronic conditions included diabetes (14%), hypertension (26%), and obesity (58%).ConclusionThe 5-year areca (betel) nut chewing prevalence in Guam is comparable to the world estimate (10–20%), though rising among Non-Chamorros. Adult and youth chewers may be at an increased risk for oral cancer. Adult chewers have an increased risk of other chronic health conditions. Cancer prevention and intervention strategies should incorporate all aspects of health.     

Study of oral microbiota diversity among groups of families originally from different countries

The diversity of oral microbiota is affected by diets habits, gender, age, ethnic group, and environment. The acquisition of oral microbiota and the role of family on oral microbiota development is poorly understood. This study aims to characterize and compare the oral bacterial microbiota among families using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This work was conducted in Jeddah city from 2020 to 2021, in which four families composed of 20 members of different ethnicity and lifestyle were recruited. After the collection of saliva samples, the DNA was extracted and processed for 16S rRNA gene metagenomics sequencing. Among 378 OUTs generated, 39 (10.3%) were unique in group A, 13 (3.4%) unique in group B, and 11 (2.9%) were unique in groups C and D. We observed a significant variation at the level of top abundance phylum (14), families (23), genera (24), and species (22) of bacteria among family members. Within family groups, different bacterial species were reported to be more dominant among certain family members than the other; Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella histicola and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Veillonella atypica, Porphyromonas pasteri and Haemophilus pittmaniae were more dominant in parents of some families than the other family member. In summary, this study highlights the precise and perceptible association of oral microbial between family members. Our findings documented the clustering of certain bacterial species in family groups, supporting the role of community in the development of oral microbiota.     

Effect of areca nut on salivary copper concentration in chronic chewers

The chewing of areca nut is associated with the development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a condition predominantly encountered in Asians indulging in the habit. The pathogenesis of this condition is however, unclear, though several mechanisms have been proposed. Copper has previously been implicated as a possible aetiological factor. In this study, total copper concentration was measured via atomic absorption spectrophotometry in whole mouth saliva of 15 volunteers who were regular chewers, before and after their habitual chew. An aliquot of the latter was also analysed for copper. Six non-chewing volunteers acted as controls. Salivary copper concentrations were corrected for protein content. Over 50% of the subjects had basal salivary copper concentration higher than the range seen in normal controls. All but two subjects demonstrated an increase in the salivary [Cu] following their habitual chew. Marked changes were seen in those with low basal salivary concentrations. These data indicate that soluble copper found in areca nut is released into the oral environment of habitual chewers. Its buccal absorption may contribute to the oral fibrosis in Asians who regularly chew this nut.     

Possible variation of the human oral bacterial community after wearing removable partial dentures by DGGE

Although it is well-known that variations of the microbial community in a specific location of human body may be associated with some diseases, the developing change of the oral microbiota related to oral diseases before and after wearing the removable partial dentures (RPD) is not completely understood. In this study, three kinds of samples (saliva, supra- and subgingival plaque, and oral mucosal surfaces) were collected from the 10-patients group at three different times: before, 1-month and 6-months after the treatment. Ten healthy adults were also selected as the control group. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was applied to identify the bacterial profiles and to analyze the dynamics of the oral microbial population in the pre- and post-therapy. The ANOVA of Repeated Measurement Data indicated that, in the saliva and mucosal surfaces, wearing RPDs caused significant change of numbers of amplicons. As many as 607 amplicons were chosen to cut out and re-amplify by PCR. After cloning and sequencing, a total of 16 bacterial genera were identified. The health-associated genera such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Rothia, Corynebacterium, Leptotrichia, Gemella, Veillonella, Selenomona and Actinomyces tended to decrease, whereas the disease-associated species including Streptococcus mutans tended to increase. In general, wearing RPDs influenced the diversity of the bacterial species in the oral microbial ecosystem. It is noteworthy that the oral environment will be changed from the healthy status towards the disease status after the treatment.     

Clastogenic effect for cigarette smoking but not areca quid chewing as measured by micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells

The objective of this study was to use the micronuclei from exfoliated buccal mucosal cells to investigate the clastogenic effects of areca quid chewing and cigarette smoking, as well as the interaction between the two. The study population was selected from residents of seven villages recruited for a community-cohort study. A total of 141 subjects were recruited based on the regular consumption of cigarettes and betel quid. Salient personal characteristics were collected from interview using a specially designed questionnaire. Micronuclei were scored on Feulgen/fast green-stained smear preparations of exfoliated cells obtained by scraping the surface of the buccal mucosa. There was no significant interaction between the chewing of betel nut and cigarette smoking. Heavy smoking was positively associated with MN frequency, with areca quid chewing negatively associated. A significant positive trend was demonstrated for the relationship between MN frequency and either daily cigarette consumption or cumulative smoking pack-years. By contrast, negative trends were demonstrated for the analogous relationships with areca quid chewing. These results indicate that heavy smoking, but not areca quid chewing, increases MN formation. These findings suggest that the carcinogenesis of the oral cancers induced by areca quid chewing in Taiwan may be through a pathway other than genotoxicity.     

慢性萎缩性胃炎患者舌苔菌群的 特异性菌属分析

目的通过对慢性萎缩性胃炎患者和正常人舌苔菌群的分析,寻找两者之间的差异菌属。方法研究分为两组:慢性萎缩性胃炎患者组(30例,CAG组,主要为薄白苔)和正常人舌苔组(30例,HC组,均为薄白苔),采用16S rRNA基因测序技术对舌苔的菌群进行研究。结果 (1)测序片段总长度约为253bp,片段有效率在90%左右。(2)正常组与慢性萎缩性胃炎组的群落组成在PCA图中各自汇聚成群,差异比较明显。(3)按照系统分类学的方法,采用LEfSe多级物种差异判别分析来寻找阶元系统(门、纲、目、科和属)上的差异菌,发现共有13种差异菌。慢性萎缩性胃炎在纤毛菌属、韦荣球菌属中的含量显著增加(P0.05);链球菌属的含量显著降低(P0.05)。(4)为了进一步寻找阶元系统中属水平的差异菌属,我们采用T-test统计分析法。结果表明慢性萎缩性胃炎组在韦荣球菌属、纤毛菌属、普氏菌属、罗思菌属、口腔杆菌属、口腔毛绒厌氧杆菌、Solobacterium和一种未确认种属的细菌其含量都显著增加(P0.05),而链球菌属的含量显著降低(P0.05)。结论从舌苔样本微生态测序中发现,慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的舌苔菌群发生变化,微生物的代谢产物可能与炎症相关,这些口腔微生物的变化可能成为某些全身疾病,尤其是消化系统疾病的微生物学指征。     

Safrole-DNA adducts in human peripheral blood--an association with areca quid chewing and CYP2E1 polymorphisms

It has been recently demonstrated that safrole (4-allyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene)-DNA adducts are present in oral cancer tissue from patients who have chewed areca quid (AQ) containing high concentration of safrole. In this study, the presence of safrole-DNA adducts in peripheral white blood cells from 88 subjects with a known AQ chewing history and 161 matched controls were studied with the aim of identifying the adducts as a biomarker for safrole exposure. This study also analyzed the correlation between the level of safrole-DNA adducts and polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene, alone and in combination with the GST M1 and GST T1-deletion polymorphisms. The results demonstrated the presence of safrole-DNA adducts in 83 (94.32%) of the DNA samples from subjects with current AQ chewing history and 21 (13.04%) of the control samples without known AQ chewing habit ( [Formula: see text] ). Individuals with at least one CYP2E1 c2 allele had a significant higher frequency of safrole-DNA adducts (odds ratio (OR), 4.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-15.53) than those with the CYP2E1 c1c1 genotype while chewing less than 20 areca quids per day. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the presence of safrole-DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and the presence of these safrole-DNA adducts is correlated with AQ chewing. In addition, the CYP2E1 would seem to play an important role in the modulation of safrole-DNA adduct formation.