妊娠期糖尿病患者血清PGRN、FGF21、Vaspin水平与糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的相关性分析

摘要 目的：研究妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者血清颗粒蛋白前体（PGRN）、成纤维细胞生长因子21（FGF21）及内脏脂肪组织源性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Vaspin）水平与糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗（IR）的相关性。方法：选取2016年1月～2020年1月我院收治的300例GDM患者纳入研究,作为观察组,另取同期于我院进行体检的健康孕妇100例作为对照组。比较两组血清PGRN、FGF21、Vaspin水平、糖脂代谢以及IR相关指标水平,并通过Pearson相关性分析血清PGRN、FGF21及Vaspin水平与糖脂代谢、IR的关系。结果：观察组血清PGRN、FGF21及Vaspin水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。观察组空腹血糖（FPG）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。观察组胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）高于对照组,而胰岛素β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：GDM患者血清PGRN、FGF21及Vaspin水平与FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR均呈正相关关系,而与HOMA-β呈负相关关系（均P＜0.05）。结论：GDM患者血清PGRN、FGF21及Vaspin水平均存在异常高表达,且和糖脂代谢及IR存在密切关系,可能成为临床上GMD诊治的潜在靶点。     

FGF21 mediates alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis by activation of systemic release of catecholamine in mice

Alcohol consumption leads to adipose tissue lipoatrophy and mobilization of FFAs, which contributes to hepatic fat accumulation in alcoholic liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21, a metabolic regulator, in the regulation of chronic-binge alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis. FGF21 KO mice were subjected to chronic-binge alcohol exposure, and epididymal white adipose tissue lipolysis and liver steatosis were investigated. Alcohol exposure caused adipose intracellular cAMP elevation and activation of lipolytic enzymes, leading to FFA mobilization in both WT and FGF21 KO mice. However, alcohol-induced systemic elevation of catecholamine, which is known to be a major player in adipose lipolysis by binding to the β-adrenergic receptor, was markedly inhibited in KO mice. Supplementation with recombinant human FGF21 to alcohol-exposed FGF21 KO mice resulted in an increase in fat loss in parallel with an increase of circulating norepinephrine concentration. Furthermore, alcohol consumption-induced fatty liver was blunted in the KO mice, indicating an inhibition of fatty acid reverse transport from adipose to the liver in the KO mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that FGF21 KO mice are protected from alcohol-induced adipose tissue excess-lipolysis through a mechanism involving systemic catecholamine release.     

Effect ofE. coli endotoxin on temperature,oxygen consumption and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats and mice

The effects ofE. coli endotoxin 0127 B8 on oxygen consumption, temperature, and on the activity of the proton conductance pathway in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated in rats and mice. In rats an increase was observed in rectal and skin temperature, whole body oxygen consumption and GDP binding in BAT. In mice only the rise in rectal and skin temperature were significantly changed by endotoxin administration.These findings suggest that in some species BAT is involved in the production of endotoxin induced fever and increased energy expenditure.     

Effect of running training on uncoupling protein mRNA expression in rat brown adipose tissue

The effect was investigated of endurance training on the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats. The exercised rats were trained on a rodent treadmill for 5 days per week and a total of 9 weeks. After the training programme, a marked decrease in BAT mass was found in terms of weight or weight per unit body weight; there was a corresponding decrease in DNA content and a downward trend in RNA and glycogen levels. The UCP mRNA was present at a markedly decreased level in BAT of trained animals. In consideration of the reduced levels of mRNAs for hormone-sensitive lipase and acylCoA synthetase, the brown adipose tissue investigated appeared to be in a relatively atrophied and thermogenically quiescent state.     

京尼平对小鼠棕色和白色脂肪组织UCP1表达的影响

目的:棕色脂肪组织活化和白色脂肪组织棕化是改善减肥的良好策略。本研究利用冷刺激作为阳性对照,观察京尼平对小鼠脂肪组织活化与棕化的作用。方法:8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组、京尼平组、冷刺激组, 每组10只。京尼平组小鼠腹腔注射给予京尼平处理(15 mg/(kg·d),连续9 d),对照组用生理盐水处理,冷刺激组小鼠在室温(22℃±2℃)下处理4 d后,置于4℃环境中进行冷刺激处理5 d(24 h/d)。检测各组小鼠每天摄食量、体重和体温变化,取肩胛下区、腹股沟区及附睾周围部分脂肪组织观察形态学的变化,测定棕色脂肪组织、皮下白色脂肪组织以及内脏白色脂肪组织解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)的表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,京尼平组小鼠白色脂肪湿重下降16%,冷刺激组下降28%,均有明显差异(P＜0.05);京尼平组和冷刺激组白色脂肪组织颜色变深,HE染色显示脂肪细胞内的脂滴变小,数量增加;京尼平组小鼠的皮下、内脏白色脂肪组织和棕色3种脂肪组织中的UCP1表达量均明显增加(P＜0.05)。结论:京尼平通过上调UCP1的表达促进棕色脂肪组织活化和白色脂肪组织棕化,此效应是京尼平降脂减轻体重的作用机制之一。     

Maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation promotes fetal brown adipose tissue development through epigenetic modifications in C57BL/6 mice

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a crucial regulator of energy expenditure. Emerging evidence suggests that n-3 PUFA potentiate brown adipogenesis in vitro. Since the pregnancy and lactation is a critical time for brown fat formation, we hypothesized that maternal supplementation of n-3 PUFA promotes BAT development in offspring. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing n-3 PUFA (3%) derived from fish oil (FO), or an isocaloric diet devoid of n-3 PUFA (Cont) during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake was delivered to the BAT of neonates significantly reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio. The maternal n-3 PUFA exposure was linked with upregulated brown-specific gene and protein profiles and the functional cluster of brown-specific miRNAs. In addition, maternal n-3 PUFA induced histone modifications in the BAT evidenced by 1) increased epigenetic signature of brown adipogenesis, i.e., H3K27Ac and H3K9me2, 2) modified chromatin-remodeling enzymes, and 3) enriched the H3K27Ac in the promoter region of Ucp1. The offspring received maternal n-3 PUFA nutrition exhibited a significant increase in whole-body energy expenditure and better maintenance of core body temperature against acute cold treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation potentiates fetal BAT development via the synergistic action of miRNA production and histone modifications, which may confer long-lasting metabolic benefits to offspring.     

牛膝多糖对哮喘大鼠信号转导子和转录激活子6表达的影响

目的：研究牛膝多糖（ABPS）对支气管哮喘大鼠支气管信号转导子和转录激活子6（STAT6）及其mRNA表达的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组和哮喘＋牛膝多糖组（ABPS组）。留取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞（E0s）和分类计数;并测定BALF和血清中白细胞介素4（IL-4）浓度;采用免疫组化法和原位杂交法分别检测STAT6蛋白和STAT6 mRNA的表达。结果：①哮喘组BALF中细胞总数、EOS绝对值和EOS占细胞总数的百分比（EOS％）均高于对照组（P〈0．01）,ABPS组上述指标均低于哮喘组（P〈0．01）;②BALF和血清中IL-4浓度哮喘组均高于对照组（均为P〈0.01）,ABPs组均低于哮喘组（均为P〈0．01）;③免疫组化和原位杂交显示,哮喘组支气管STAT6蛋白和STAT6 mRNA表达的平均吸光度（LD）均高于对照组,ABPS组则均低于哮喘组（均为P〈0．01）,其主要表达细胞是上皮细胞。结论：哮喘大鼠支气管STAT6及其mRNA较强表达,上皮细胞是其主要表达细胞;牛膝多糖有抑制哮喘气道EOS性炎症的作用．下调STAT6及其mRNA表达,使IL-4合成减少可能为其重要作用机制。     

低氧对肥胖小鼠棕色脂肪组织相关基因表达的影响及其机制

目的：分析肥胖小鼠在低氧暴露后棕色脂肪组织的差异表达基因及通路,以探讨低氧影响棕色脂肪组织活化的机制。方法：30只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,其中8只为普通对照组（N,n=8）;其余饲喂高脂饲料8周后,肥胖建模成功小鼠随机分为两组：肥胖对照组（OB,n=8）和肥胖低氧组（H,n=8）。H组进行11.2%氧浓度8 h/d,6天/周共4周的低氧暴露。4周后,测试血糖、血脂,取肩胛处棕色脂肪组织进行mRNA表达谱芯片扫描和生物信息学分析。利用KOBAS2.0软件对所筛选差异表达基因,并对参与关键生物过程和信号通路的差异基因进行实时荧光qPCR验证。结果：干预结束后,H组较OB组体重和血脂血糖水平显著降低;OB组较N组的上调差异基因802个,下调1 175个,差异基因的功能主要集中在糖脂合成代谢及免疫炎症反应过程;H组较OB组上调基因297个,下调228个,主要参与的生物过程有糖脂代谢、脂质转运过程、肌肉组织发育过程及脉管系统发育过程;低氧暴露调节肥胖机体棕色脂肪的通路主要集中在HIF-1、PI3K-Akt、FoxO和ErbB信号通路等过程。结论：11.2%氧气暴露可通过调节一系列棕色脂肪相关基因表达而提高棕色脂肪活性,从而下调肥胖机体体重。