350m氦氧模拟饱和潜水中肺呼吸功能的变化

在350m氦氧模拟饱和及370m巡回潜水实验中,观察了16项肺功能指标及其衍生指标的定期监测结果。通过监测试图对暴露于高气压环境中人员的安全性、作业能力作出客观的评价,以加强医学保障,同时对大深度氦氧环境所导致的呼吸功能改变进行实验研究。     

模拟65msw氦氧饱和潜水对人体氧化应激的影响

目的：探讨模拟65 msw饱和潜水暴露对机体氧化应激的影响。方法：7名健康男性潜水员参加65 msw饱和潜水,在暴露前、中、后取24 h尿检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、总氨基酸（T-AA）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）含量,同时监测24 h尿量及体重变化。结果：总氨基酸含量在减压末期比基础值显著增高,减压后1周恢复至正常水平;SOD、MDA、T-AOC在各时间点无明显变化。进舱后第1天尿量比进舱前基础值明显减少,随后逐渐恢复。加压后第2天开始体重逐渐增高,减压结束时比进舱前体重明显增高。结论：模拟65 msw饱和潜水暴露未造成参试潜水员明显氧化损伤。在饱和潜水试验中实时监测24 h尿量及氧化应激程度对防止机体损伤具有重要意义。     

3.6MPa氦氧饱和潜水对潜水员心功能的影响

为了使我国大深度饱和潜水向纵深发展,适应未来海洋开发的需要,我所建成了500m饱和潜水设备系统,结合验收该设备的性能,进行了3.6MPa(350m)氦氧饱和潜水模拟实验的医学保障研究,心血管功能监测是实验研究的一部分。 1 材料和方法 500m(5.1MPa)饱和潜水设备系统由居住舱(17m~3)、过渡舱(8m~3)和巡潜水舱(19m~3)三部分组成。本次实验的模拟压力为3.6MPa。呼吸氦氧混合气,其中Po_2为40±2kPa,P_(N2)为90kPa,P_(co2)—     

模拟100m氦氮氧常规潜水水下阶段减压方案的计算与动物实验验证

目的:制定100 m氦氮氧(Trimix)常规潜水水下阶段减压方案并通过模拟家兔100 m Trimix常规潜水对方案的安全性和可行性进行验证。方法:根据何尔登理论(Haldane theory),确定适合100 m Trimix常规潜水水下阶段减压方案计算的假定时间单位、理论组织分类、氮过饱和安全系数及其选取方法,建立潜水减压方案的计算方法。本实验减压方案计算中共取五类理论组织:5 min、10 min、20 min、40 min和75 min,氮过饱和安全系数则以1.6计算;8只家兔作为对照组,8只潜水组家兔按实验设计和计算所得减压方案实施模拟100 m Trimix常规潜水,通过比较和观察潜水组家兔肺、脑组织湿干比的变化以及行为学表现来评价减压方案的安全可行性。结果:按计算得到的减压方案减压出舱后的家兔均未出现行为学异常;潜水后家兔肺、脑组织湿干比均较对照组无显著变化(均P0.05)。结论:按haldane理论计算得到的减压方案安全可行,潜水呼吸气的配比浓度使潜水家兔不致发生氧中毒和氮麻醉,减压时在肺型氧中毒剂量单位(UPTD)安全范围内使用富氧气体大大提高了潜水效率。     

海上150 m氦氧饱和-182 m巡回潜水对潜水员血浆和尿液CRH、β-EP含量的影响

目的 :探讨海上大深度饱和潜水对潜水员血浆和尿液中CRH、β EP含量的影响。 方法 :用放射免疫法检测潜水员饱和前后血浆CRH、β EP含量和潜水员在饱和潜水前、加压后、饱和暴露期间及减压后尿中CRH和 β EP的含量。 结果 :血浆CRH含量在饱和潜水后显著高于饱和潜水前 (P <0 .0 1 )。尿液中的CRH、β EP含量在加压后、饱和期间及减压后均显著高于饱和潜水前 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :大深度饱和潜水能引起潜水员血浆和尿液中CRH、β EP含量的改变 ,CRH、β EP参与了大深度饱和潜水引起的机体应激反应     

不同治疗方式对冠心病合并心脏瓣膜炎患者血清炎性反应的影响

目的:比较不同治疗方式对冠心病合并心脏瓣膜炎的临床指标、生活质量及血清炎性反应的影响。方法:选取2014年2月~2016年6月期间于本院进行治疗的64例冠心病合并心脏瓣膜炎患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组每组各32例,对照组进行常规的药物治疗,观察组则进行外科手术治疗,然后将两组患者治疗前后的心脏功能指标、生活质量及血清炎性指标进行比较。结果:治疗前两组患者的心脏功能指标、生活质量及血清炎性指标比较,P均0.05,而治疗后观察组的心脏功能指标、生活质量及血清炎性指标均显著地好于对照组,P均0.05,均有显著性差异。结论:外科手术对冠心病合并心脏瓣膜炎患者血清炎症因子水平及生活质量具有积极的改善作用,适于临床进一步推广应用。     

少突胶质前体细胞移植对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病炎性反应的影响

目的研究少突胶质细胞-Ⅱ型-星形胶质祖细胞(oligodendrocyte-type II astrocyte progenitor,O2A)移植对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)炎性反应的影响,探讨O2A细胞移植对HIE的修复机制。方法采用C57小鼠制成HIE模型。①对照组:即假手术组,尾静脉注入生理盐水2 mL;②HIE非移植组:于成模后48h行尾静脉注入生理盐水2 mL,7、14、28 d脱颈处死动物,甲醛灌注后分离全脑组织、甘油梯度脱水后置冰冻切片机上切20μm脑片,行F4/80及BrdU免疫荧光染色;③HIE移植组:将提取、分离并PKH-26荧光染色的O2A细胞于HIE成模后48 h行尾静脉注入,7、14、28 d脱颈处死动物,甲醛灌注后分离全脑组织、甘油梯度脱水后置冰冻切片机上切20μm脑片,行F4/80,BrdU及DAPI免疫荧光染色。结果 O2A细胞移植后7、14、28 d在HIE小鼠脑内均未见PKH-26阳性的O2A细胞存留;而移植组侧脑室膜下区的内源性神经干细胞较对照组明显增殖旺盛。HIE损伤后在海马及丘脑内可见较多F4/80阳性的小胶质细胞,以第14天为著;O2A细胞移植后上述F4/80阳性的小胶质细胞明显减少。结论细胞移植激活和促进HIE小鼠脑内源性神经干细胞增殖;O2A细胞移植对HIE脑组织的炎性损伤具有抑制作用。提示O2A细胞移植具有促进HIE病变修复、阻止HIE的病情进展的作用。     

胰高血糖素样肽l对脂多糖诱导的血管内皮细胞炎性反应的影响

目的:探讨胰高血糖素样肽l(glucagon like peptide 1,GLP-1)对脂多糖(1ipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的血管内皮细胞(VEC)炎性反应的影响。方法:以体外培养的人动脉VEC为研究模型,将细胞分为四组(对照组、LPS刺激组、LPS+GLP-1组、GLP-1组),Rhodamin-Phalloidin检测肌动蛋白骨架F-actin分布,用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察细胞间连接的形态特征,用示踪剂Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-Dextran检测VECs单层通透性变化改变,酶联免疫吸附实验检测细胞分泌白介素(IL)-6和IL-8的变化。结果:GLP-1(100 nM)可减少LPS(1μg/mL)刺激后细胞肌动蛋白骨架F-actin应力纤维的形成,并抑制LPS刺激后细胞间连接的中断。Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-Dextran细胞通透性检测结果显示:GLP-1可明显降低LPS刺激引起的VEC通透性增加[由(2.57±0.19)×10-5cm/s降至(2.10±0.18)×10-5cm/s,P0.05]。此外,GLP-1可抑制LPS刺激后VEC中炎性细胞因子IL-6和IL-8的表达[分别由(42130±6522)pg/ml降至(27478±5096)pg/ml和(18376±1561)pg/ml降至(14414±927)pg/ml,均P0.05]。结论:GLP-1可对抗LPS刺激引起的VEC炎症反应和细胞通透性增加,改善LPS诱导的内皮细胞炎性损伤。     

胰高血糖素样肽1对脂多糖诱导的血管内皮细胞炎性反应的影响

目的：探讨胰高血糖素样肽1（glucagon like peptide 1,GLP-1）对脂多糖（1ipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导的血管内皮细胞（VEC）炎性反应的影响。方法：以体外培养的人动脉VEC为研究模型,将细胞分为四组（对照组、LPS刺激组、LPS±GLP-1组、GLP-1组）,Rhodamin-Phalloidin检测肌动蛋白骨架F-actin分布,用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察细胞间连接的形态特征,用示踪剂Rhodamine Bisothiocyanate-Dextran检测VECs单层通透性变化改变,酶联免疫吸附实验检测细胞分泌白介素（IL）-6和IL-8的变化。结果：GLP-1（100nM）可减少LPS（1μg／mL）刺激后细胞肌动蛋白骨架F-actin应力纤维的形成,并抑制LPS刺激后细胞间连接的中断。Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-Dextran细胞通透性检测结果显示：GLP-1可明显降低LPS刺激引起的VEC通透性增加[由（2．57±0．19）×10^-5cm／s降至（2．10±0．18）×10^-5cm／s,P〈0．05]。此外,GLP-1可抑制LPS刺激后VEC中炎性细胞因子IL-6和IL-8的表达[分别由（42130±6522）pg／ml降至（27478±5096）pg／ml和（18376±1561）pg／ml降至（14414±927）pg／ml,均P〈0．05]。结论：GLP-1可对抗LPS刺激引起的VEC炎症反应和细胞通透性增加．改善LPS诱导的内皮细胞炎性损伤。     

Curcumin alleviates acute kidney injury in a dry‐heat environment by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model

Curcumin exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated the protective effects of curcumin in a renal injury rat model under dry‐heat conditions. We divided Sprague‐Dawley rats into four groups: dry‐heat 0‐ (normal temperature control group), 50‐, 100‐, and 150‐minute groups. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 10): normal saline (NS), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), and curcumin pretreated low, medium, and high‐dose (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively) groups. Compared to the normal temperature group, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary kidney injury molecule‐1, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated load changes in lipoprotein (NGAL) levels were significantly increased in the dry‐heat environment group (P < .05); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) and related inflammatory factor levels were increased in the kidney tissue. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were decreased. However, following all curcumin pretreatment, the serum levels of kidney injury indicators and NGAL were decreased in the urine compared to those in the NS and CMCNa groups (P < .05), whereas renal SOD and CAT activities were increased and MDA was decreased (P < .05). Renal tissues of the 150‐minute group showed obvious pathological changes. Compared to the NS group, pathological changes in the renal tissues of the 100‐ and 200‐mg/kg curcumin groups were significantly reduced. Furthermore, iNOS and COX‐2 expression and inflammatory factor levels were decreased after curcumin treatment. Curcumin exerted renoprotective effects that were likely mediated by its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in a dry‐heat environment rat model.     

Plasma angiogenesis and oxidative stress markers in patients with diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Background: Neovascularization in the retina and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we hypothesized that the plasma angiogenic and oxidative stress markers associated with these derangements could aid in the screening of diabetic patients who are at an increased risk of developing retinopathy.

Methods: This study included normal (n?=?148), type2 diabetes without retinopathy (DNR; n?=?148), proliferative DR (PDR; n?=?74) and non-PDR (NPDR; n?=?148) subjects. Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), nitric oxide (NO), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein thiols were estimated.

Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in the plasma concentrations of pro-angiogenic factors and markers of oxidative stress in both retinopathy groups. By contrast, the concentrations of anti-angiogenic factors and antioxidants were decreased significantly in these groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the plasma thresholds of HIF-1α and PEDF can be suitable markers in case of NPDR. However, in PDR, HIF-1α, NO, MMP-9 and PEDF showed high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions: The factors associated with hypoxia, matrix degradation and angiogenic inhibition play a crucial role in predicting DR.     

模拟空气潜水对大鼠脾组织氧自由基生成的影响

目的:观察模拟空气潜水对大鼠脾组织氧自由基(OFR)生成的影响。方法:腹腔注射自旋捕捉剂,高气压处理后检测大鼠脾组织生成的OFR。结果:模拟空气潜水后大鼠脾组织OFR生成增多,并检测到了.OH信号。结论:空气模拟潜水时呼吸气中高分压氧可促进脾组织OFR生成,主要类型可能为羟自由基。     

Evaluation of mediators of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with acute appendicitis

Context: This study aims to explore the potential of new inflammatory markers for improving the challenging diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA).

Methods: Levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP, INF-γ, and TNF-α in serum were measured in 73 patients with AA. Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed.

Results: Serum levels of interleukins, TNF-α, and INF-γ were significantly elevated in patients with appendicitis (p?<?0.0001), except for IL-10, which presented decreased levels. There were no significant differences in SOD (p?=?0.29), CAT (p?=?0.19), or TBARS levels (p?=?0.18), whereas protein carbonyls presented significant increase (p?<?0.0001).

Conclusion: Evaluating these biomarkers could aid in diagnosing AA.     

PPARγ inhibits inflammatory reaction in oxidative stress induced human diploid fibloblast

The ageing of an inevitable life function is an unavoidable regressive physical process. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family. PPARγ plays an important role in regulating several metabolic pathways. Recently, PPARγ has been implicated in inflammatory responses and age‐related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the anti‐inflammatory reaction of PPARγ in an induced ageing progress. The late passage of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF), an in vitro ageing model, reveals the biological index materials of ageing. Aged cells showed decreased PPARγ expression and elevated levels of intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), an inflammatory molecule. To induce the aged cell phenotype, the middle stage of HDF cells (PD31) were induced stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) with 200 µM H₂O₂ for 2 h. SIPS‐HDF cells showed high levels of ICAM‐1, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activity and matrix metallomatrix protease (MMP‐2, ‐9) activity, and low levels of PPARγ expression. A reconstitution of SIPS HDF cells with Ad/PPARγ resulted in the downregulation of ICAM‐1, ERK1/2, MMP‐2 and ‐9, and normalized growth of SIPS‐HDF cells. Moreover, PPARγ in aged HDF cells reduced pro‐inflammatory molecules and eliminated the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the ERK1/2 pathway. These results strongly suggest that PPARγ plays a key role in age‐related inflammation and may have clinical applications as a molecular target in the treatment of age‐related inflammation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

α-亚麻酸对糖尿病大鼠炎症介质和氧化应激的影响

目的:观察α-亚麻酸(ALA)对糖尿病大鼠体内炎症介质和氧化应激的影响,探讨ALA在糖尿病防治中的作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠高脂饮食喂养4周后,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)30 mg/kg建立2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型。将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和ALA治疗组(500μg/kg.d)。4周后测定大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、可溶性P-选择素(sP-selectin)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子(sICAM-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠血清中炎症介质TNF-α、sP-selectin和sICAM-1的含量增加,血清NO含量下降而MDA升高,同时抗氧化酶SOD和CAT的活性降低;ALA治疗可显著降低糖尿病大鼠血清中TNF-α、sP-selectin和sICAM-1的含量(与STZ+vehicle组相比,P<0.01),增加血清NO水平并减少MDA含量,升高抗氧化酶SOD和CAT的活性(与STZ+vehicle组相比,均P<0.05)。结论:ALA可显著降低糖尿病大鼠血清炎症介质的生成,减轻氧化应激水平,具有抗炎和抗氧化作用。提示ALA对糖尿病及糖尿病并发症的发生发展可能具有一定的防治作用。     

The Maillard reaction and oxidative stress during aging of soybean seeds

The chemical reactions that may lead to the loss of seed viability were investigated both during the accelerated aging and natural aging of soybeans ( Glycine max Merrill cv. Chippewa 64). Under conditions of accelerated aging (36°C and 75% RH), fluorescence of soluble proteins accumulated, which was closely correlated with the loss of seed germinability and vigor. We were able to show this correlation by using partially purified proteins for the assay. Fluorescence also increased in seeds under good storage conditions (5°C for up to 21 years), although there was a less significant correlation between seed viability and the accumulation of fluorescent products during the time of natural aging. The rise in protein fluorescence is interpreted as an increase of Maillard products. The carbonyl content of soluble proteins (a measure of the oxidative damage) did not change significantly during either accelerated aging or natural aging: however the elimination of carbonyls during germination seemed to be hindered in seeds that had poor germination. The Maillard reaction may be a consequence of the formation of reducing sugars through a gradual hydrolysis of oligosaccharides during aging. Preliminary evidence from the natural aging study showed that, when seeds were in the glassy state, the sugar hydrolysis was inhibited. These results suggest that the Maillard reaction and oxidative reaction may play an important role in seed deterioration.     

Effects of statins on oxidative stress and primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hyperlipidemic patients

Inflammation and oxidative stress are among the factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia. In metabolic syndrome and hyperlipidemic patients, peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) are primed and they release uncontrolled superoxide that contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the anti-hyperlipidemic drug, Atrovastatin effects improvement in endothelial function, exhibits anti-oxidative characteristics and reduces lipid markers of oxidation. To evaluate possible nontraditional effects of treatment with Atrovastatin on PMNL priming, oxidative stress and inflammation in hyperlipidemia, 50 non-smoking hyperlipidemic patients were treated for 6 months with Atrovastatin and compared to age and gender-matched healthy controls. PMNL priming was assessed by the rate of superoxide release from separated, phorbol ester-stimulated PMNL and by PMNL-CD11b levels. Inflammation was reflected by blood inflammatory markers including albumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels, white blood cells (WBC), PMNL counts and PMNL apoptosis. Atrovastatin treatment showed a reduction in PMNL priming, PMNL apoptosis, fibrinogen and CRP levels concomitant with decreased lipid levels. Atrovastatin may be preferred for hyperlipidemic patients owing to its combined anti-PMNL priming and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its anti-atherogenic effects.     

Photobiomodulation therapy in knee osteoarthritis reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in rats

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage. In this study, MIA‐induced OA knee model was used in rats to test the effects of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBM). We analyzed the inflammatory process (pain and cytokine levels), and its influence on the oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Knee OA was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) intra‐articular injection (1.5 mg/50 μL) and the rats were treated with eight sessions of PBM 3 days/week (904 nm, 6 or 18 J/cm²). For each animal, mechanical and cold hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain were evaluated; biological analyses were performed in blood serum, intra‐articular lavage, knee structures, spinal cord and brainstem. Cytokine assays were performed in knee, spinal cord and brainstem samples. The effects of the 18 J/cm² dose of PBM were promising in reducing pain and neutrophil activity in knee samples, together with reducing oxidative stress damage in blood serum and spinal cord samples. PBM improved the antioxidant capacity in blood serum and brainstem, and decreased the knee pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Our study demonstrated that PBM decreased oxidative damage, inflammation and pain. Therefore, this therapy could be an important tool in the treatment of knee OA.