Statistical and ecological analysis for the evaluation of floristic diversity: The case of a volcanic complex in North-eastern Italy (Colli Euganei,Padova, Italy)

ABSTRACT

The Euganean Hills are a volcanic mountainous complex, which rises from the eastern Po Plain, and consists of about one hundred hills, rising from 80 m to 604 m above sea level. In the studied area, 1158 taxa of Tracheophytes have been collected. The chorological and life-form analyses of this flora have shown the predominance of the Mediterranean s.l. elements and of the hemicryptophytes, followed by the therophytes. The chorological aspect of this floristic complex was analysed. A cross-spectrum was calculated to see how life-forms are represented in the different chorotypes. A comparison with the biological and chorological spectra of the Veneto Region and of Italy as a whole was also carried out. Several species of remarkable floristic and phytogeographical interest have been found, as well as some included in the national and Regional lists of protected species.     

A floristic investigation of the islet groups Arki and Lipsi (East Aegean Area, Greece)

Arki and Lipsi are two islet groups situated in the NNW part of the prefecture of Dodecannisos (E Aegean area, Greece), which consist of 37 islets in total, of which three (Lipsos, Arki and Marathi) are permanently inhabited. From the area studied 557 taxa of Tracheophytes have been registered and the chorological and life-form analyses of the flora have shown the predominance of the Mediterranean elements and the therophytes, respectively, confirming the Mediterranean character of the flora. However, significant fluctuations have been observed regarding the representation of both, chorological and life-form types, from islet to islet. A comparison of the individual flora of the 37 islets studied, revealed very low floristic similarity even between neighbouring islets (β-diversity). Not one of the taxa registered was present on all 37 islets; yet, 199 taxa were present on only one islet. Eight of the taxa registered in the studied area fall under a protection status according to international lists. The floristic data were statistically evaluated with respect to species-area relationship and other geographical factors such as altitude, minimum distance from a larger inhabited island and sea depth.     

Plant species diversity of Adriatic islands: An introductory survey

Abstract

The European Mediterranean region is one of the world's major centres of biodiversity. Research on plant species diversity in this region has neglected the area along the eastern part of the Adriatic basin in comparison to the other Mediterranean areas. The main aim of this study was to focus on this neglected area, by supplying data which is at present lacking in order to discuss the species-area relationship (SAR), floristic richness and endemism of the Adriatic islands and coast. Floristic data for 106 Croatian islands collected by different authors were integrated, systematised and presented in a form usable by other researchers worldwide. The Power (Arrhenius) function was used for modelling (by non-linear regression) the SAR. Residuals around the regression curve (as indicators of floristic diversity without the influence of island area) were calculated for each island. The proportion of endemics in the total island flora varies from 0% up to 28.6%, and 17.5% for narrow endemics. Floristic richness of the broader region was estimated (on the basis of SAR extrapolation) on 1807 species for all Croatian islands, and on 2797 species for the entire Mediterranean area in Croatia.     

A biogeographical analysis of the European Atlantic lowland heathlands

Questions: What is the climatic envelope of European Atlantic heathlands and the relationship between their floristic geographical variability and climatic parameters? Are the biogeographic patterns extracted from genuine heath plants comparable to those extracted from the accompanying flora? To what extent does the species composition extracted from phytosociological data support the current theory of refuge areas of heath vegetation in southern Atlantic Europe during the Pleistocene ice ages? Location: Atlantic Europe and NW Morocco. Methods: The geographical territory in which Atlantic heathlands occur was divided into 23 sectors following geographic and chorological criteria. A presence–absence table with 333 taxa was then constructed with the available phytosociological data. The taxa were classified into different groups according to their phytosociological affinity. Several types of numerical analysis were performed with this matrix and the climatic data obtained from meteorological sources. Results: Heathlands require a humid and oceanic climate and are limited by cold temperatures in the north and by summer droughts in the south. The highest floristic richness of this vegetation type is found in NW Iberia. Ordinations indicate a strong correlation between floristic composition of biogeographic sector and summer drought (Ios) and thermicity (It). Conclusions: The main climatic factors determining lowland heathland floristic distribution are thermicity and summer drought. The current optimal conditions for heath flora in NW Iberia suggest that there were southern refuges during the Pleistocene ice ages from which northward expansion has taken place.     

Diversity,knowledge and spatial distribution of the vascular flora of Croatia

The Balkan Peninsula is recognized as an important centre of plant diversity. Despite the fact that Croatia contains more than 50% of all Balkan species of vascular flora, the knowledge of the spatial distribution, α-diversity and relation to the conservation efforts have never been summarized and presented. A spatial analysis was performed on several data-sets containing a number of records and a number of species per grid cell. Results show that the Croatian flora consists of 4507 species and 1159 subspecies. The residuals around the linear regression used as a measure of the species richness indicate that Croatia had the highest residual value among the 40 European countries sampled and highest stress on the biodiversity value of the Apennine, the Iberian and the Balkan peninsulas. On the basis of half a million findings and their spatial distributions, we observed that within one grid cell (35 km²) 542 species could be expected. A number of records based on the herbarium specimens, literature and field observation and related spatial distribution were discussed. The spatial distribution of α-diversity indicates that the national hot spots were more consistent with the important plant areas network than with the network of officially protected areas.     

浙江省野生兰科植物区系分析

在查阅文献的基础上,以天目山国家级自然保护区、清凉峰国家级自然保护区和百山祖国家级自然保护区为重点调查区域,对浙江省野生兰科(Orchidaceae)植物的区系组成及特点、生活型和地理成分类型进行了调查和分析。结果显示:浙江省共有野生兰科植物2亚科45属89种(含变种),其中杓兰亚科(Subfam.Cypripedioideae)1属1种、兰亚科(Subfam.Orchidoideae)4族44属88种;以单种和寡种分布的属所占比例最大,共占总属数的84.4%;中国特有种22种,占总种数的24.7%。生活型包括地生型、附生型和腐生型,各有62、24和3种,以地生型为主。浙江省兰科植物区系中属的分布区类型可分为10个类型及2个亚型,以热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布型属和东亚分布型属为主,占总属数的22.2%;热带分布成分有22属35种,分别占总属数和总种数的48.9%和39.3%,温带分布成分有19属27种,分别占总属数和总种数的42.2%和30.3%。在浙江省兰科植物区系中包含了杓兰属(CypripediumL.)、头蕊兰属(CephalantheraL.C.Rich.)和朱兰属(PogoniaJuss.)等较原始类群,同时中国特有种类丰富,且表现出本地特有种的分化。综合分析结果表明:浙江省野生兰科植物区系的热带亲缘关系较强,起源较古老且分化程度较高,在系统与演化研究方面具有一定意义。     

广东郁南同乐大山自然保护区种子植物区系研究

通过野外调查与查阅资料,广东郁南同乐大山自然保护区共有野牛种子植物149科542属1 002种.种子植物区系组成丰富,区系地理成分复杂,以南亚热带和热带北缘植物区系地理成分为主.区内珍稀濒危植物多,特有现象较明显,植物区系起源古老.与其它邻近地区植物区系相比较,同乐大山自然保护区种子植物区系与广西龙虎山自然保护区、广东黑石顶自然保护区的相似性较高,与湖南武陵源的相似性较低.     

云南药山自然保护区蕨类区系研究

基于馆藏标本,对云南药山自然保护区蕨类进行区系分析.结果表明:该保护区共有蕨类30科、67属、177种及10变种;属的区系地理成分可划分为10个类型11个亚型;种的区系地理成分可划分为9个类型、20个亚型及7个变型;该保护区温带区系成分占优势;与相邻地区区系成分比较发现,蕨类区系与云南药山联系的紧密程度为:轿子雪山>梅里雪山及附近地区>玉龙雪山>黄山.     

The urban vascular flora of Palermo (Sicily,Italy)

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive inventory of the urban vascular flora of the town of Palermo. The data were gathered from extensive field collections, from specimens kept in different herbaria, and publications of the last 30?years. The floristic catalogue includes all the vascular plants that occur spontaneously within the urban area. Thirteen taxa are endemic to Sicily and one of these, Clinopodium raimondoi, is exclusive to Palermo’s area. The inventory comprises 1052 taxa belonging to 119 families and 225 genera, and contains 170 taxa non-native to the Italian flora.     

Il Contributo di Maria Selebam de Cattani Agli Studi Delle Alghe Marine e di Certe Sue Raccolte Conservate a Venezia

Abstract

Phytosociology, ecology and chorology of snowbed vegetation in Croatia were researched. Snowbed stands, found only in freezing ravines and dolines of the Liburnian karst and Velebit Mountains (NW Dinaric Alps, NW Croatia), were classified into the association Drepanoclado-Heliospermetum (Salicion retusae, Arabidetalia caeruleae, Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Those stands, exposed mostly to the north and shaded for the majority of the growing season, were developed on more or less settled periglaciar screes and boulders in the coldest parts (bottoms, smaller ditches) of the dolines with long-lasting snow cover. Due to lower altitude of Croatian mountains, snowbed vegetation could be found only azonally, in freezing ravines surrounded by altimontane and subalpine (fir-)beech and spruce forests, where these stands manage to thrive due to specific microclimatic conditions. Snowbeds host some rare, endangered and/or protected plant species in Croatia. Vulnerability of the flora and vegetation of snowbeds in Croatia is briefly discussed.     

宁夏种子植物区系研究

宁夏有种子植物(不包括栽培植物)101科493属1415种(含种下等级),其中裸子植物3科7属11种,被子植物98科486属1404种,另外,具有中国特有属12个,宁夏土著特有种21个(含种下等级)。本文对宁夏种子植物区系的组成、地理成分、特点进行了分析,主要结论如下:种类相对贫乏;区系地理成分复杂,区系中温带成分占绝对优势地位,显示出该区系的温带性质,其中北温带成分是宁夏植物区系的核心;区系起源古老,但也有年轻成分;区系联系广泛,多种区系成分的汇集,即华北-蒙古-唐古特三个区系成分交汇、混杂和过渡;宁夏土著特有成分和珍稀濒危植物较少。     

Ethnobotanical Resources Management in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park (Central Western Iberian Peninsula): Relationships between Plant Use and Plant Diversity, Ecological Analysis, and Conservation

We analyze the floristic and ecological diversity of plants traditionally used in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park (Central Western Spain, Iberian Peninsula). We identified all plant species used by the local people and classified them in 10 general use-categories. All the ethnobotanical data used derive from global ethnobotanical research carried out from 2005 to 2009. The results are analyzed with respect to the total flora of the area and to the ecological diversity of the species in their habitats. The conservation and management of these taxa are also analyzed. We discuss the implications of their harvesting for the development and conservation of their natural populations and habitats.     

泗洱自然保护区种子植物区系特征分析

在对泗洱自然保护区详细调查的基础上,对其种子植物的科、属的分布区类型进行了统计分析。结果表明：(1)保护区内种子植物类群丰富;(2)优势科、属明显;(3)区系起源古老;(4)地理成分复杂;(5)种子植物区系在科和属级水平上均显示出温带性质,同时泛热带类型丰富;(6)保护区内植被具明显的过渡性质;(7)分化现象明显,中间类型和特有种丰富。     

Contributo allo Studio Floristico e Fitogeografico degli alti Pascoli della Montagna della Duchessa

Summary

After having summarily described the ecological conditions of the «Montagna della Duchessa» the author lists the plants collected in this area by him and earlier by Martelli and Anzalone. Notes on the geographical distribution of some species in the most important mountains of Central Italy and critical remarks on the taxonomy of some plants are added to the list. Some taxa must be regarded as having been found for the first time in the Abruzzi.

On the basis of the biological spectrum and of the percentage of the geographical elements, the author takes into account the ecological and phytogeographical features of this flora and points out its affinity with the flora of the lands with an arctic climate.

The author describes the commonest plant-communities, by means of statistical investigations, lists of plants with frequency of each taxa, and field notes. Finally he takes into consideration some peculiar features of the flora of this area.     

安徽珍稀濒危植物区系探讨

在深入调查的基础上,对安徽珍稀濒危植物区系组成和地理成分进行了详细的统计分析,探讨了该区系的组成特点及地理分布特征。结果表明,该区系属温带亚热带性植物区系,具有珍稀濒危物种丰富,古老、孑遗植物众多;地理成分复杂,区系联系广泛;过渡性质明显,温带亚热带成分占优;特有现象显著,华东区系特征典型等基本特征。在植物区系亲缘上,该区系隶属东亚植物区、中国-日本森林植物亚区、华东地区,与华中植物区系关系密切,受西南植物区系影响深刻。     

甘肃平凉太统—崆峒山自然保护区植被和种子植物区系的研究

据初步统计,甘肃平凉太统一崆峒山自然保护区有维管植物103科,377属,750种,其中种子植物90科356属713种（含变种）,研究分析和讨论了太统一崆峒山地区主要植被类型,分布规律以及种子植物区系,其种子植物区系特征是：种类组成比较丰富,地理成分复杂,联系广泛,以温带成分占绝对优势,是典型的北温带性质,该地区也是多种植物区系的交汇地,但以华北成分为主,植物区系隶属于泛北极植物区中国－日本森林植物亚区,华北地区,黄土高原亚地区。     

The endemic vascular flora of Peloritani Mountains (NE Sicily): Plant functional traits and phytogeographical relationships in the most isolated and fragmentary micro-plate of the Alpine orogeny

This study is aimed at (1) producing a complete and updated inventory of the endemic vascular flora of Peloritani Mountains, (2) defining the geographical limits of Peloritani, regarded here as a biogeographical district and (3) highlighting possible paleogeographic connections with other Mediterranean lands. The heterogeneity analysis of the endemic flora was performed by means of contingency tables, through the χ² test. The endemic flora of this area consists of 129 specific and infraspecific taxa, of which 15 are restricted to the Peloritani Mountains. The analysis of habitats revealed that endemic taxa are most abundant on cliffs, rangelands, woods and garrigues. A large number of surveyed taxa are endemic to central-southern Italy and Sicily, while the number of endemic taxa in common with Calabria, Etna and Aeolian Islands turned out to be rather low, in spite of the geographical proximity. The endemic flora of Peloritani allows to emphasize palaeogeographical relationships not only with the neighbouring Mediterranean territories, but also with currently remote ones, such as southern Spain, Sardinia and Corsica. The phytogeographical framework substantiates the hypothesis that the Peloritani floristic district coincides with the limit given to Peloritani Mountains by structural geologists.     

梵净山种子植物区系特征及植物地理学意义

梵净山为地处云贵高原向湘西丘陵过渡斜坡区,是武陵山脉的最高主峰,面积约为77 514 hm~2。该研究针对当地野生种子植物区系的问题,主要通过对种子植物科属种水平的地理成分、区系古老性、区系过渡性等区系特征进行了统计和分析。结果表明:(1)该区物种丰富、地理成分复杂,共有野生种子植物163科843属2 584种,中国特有种1 010种(含梵净山特有种46种),其中属的热带、温带地理成分比例相当,热带成分略占优势。(2)该区植物起源古老,保存有梵净山特有裸子植物梵净山冷杉、长苞铁杉、粗榧、水青树、伯乐树、领春木等大量古老树种。(3)该区与临近区系交汇、渗透现象明显、过渡性质突出,经初步确定以梵净山为典型分布边界点的植物共有120科197属288种,分别有103种、62种、87种、36种以梵净山地区为分布的北界、南界、东界和西界,即梵净山更多的阻碍了热带、亚热带植物的北迁和中国—喜马拉雅成分的东扩。(4)该区常绿树种与落叶树种并茂发育,热带成分与温带成分竞争激烈。因此,梵净山在中国植物区系甚至东亚植物区系中具有非常重要的意义。     

越南蒲马特国家自然保护区植物区系特征

蒲马特国家公园位于越南中部的义安省,国际著名的生物多样性极为丰富的Annamite山系的核心地区。基于植物标本鉴定,在蒲马特国家公园保护区内记录有维管束植物184科,771属,2018种(包括变种和亚种)。该植物区系占整个越南植物区系的21 %,其中的木兰亚纲植物占该植物区系总种数的90 .98 %,总属数的90 .4 %及总科数的83 .7 %。含种数最多的科包括茜草科(37属/129种) ,大戟科(36/99) ,兰科(34/73) ,樟科(11/66) ,桑科(10/54) ,蝶形花科(24/51) ,壳斗科(4/50) ,紫金牛科(5/48)及芸香科(14/45)等。在种子植物地理成分组成上,有11个科的分布区类型及14属分布区类型,其中,热带分布型分别占总科数的85 .6 %和总属数的90 .1 %,并且在其热带分布属中,热带亚洲成分占总属数的31 .4 %。这些特征显示,蒲马特国家公园植物区系是典型热带性质的植物区系,属于热带亚洲植物区系的一部分。     

安徽皇藏峪自然保护区的植物区系和森林植被

皇藏峪有野生种子植物９０科、３２８属、５６３种。属的地理成分复杂,但以温带成分占明显优势,反映了该区植物区系的温带属性。其科、属均以极小和小为主,说明了区系成分的多样性。植物分布呈现南北植物的交汇渗透,具有显著的过渡性。根据对２４个样地的分析,将该区的森林植被划分为１个植被型,７个群系。并对各个群系的主要群落学特征进行了描述。