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1.
Summary With the aim to determine a possible relationship between somatic embryogenesis and some metabolic contents in embryogenic
and non-embryogenic calluses of sugarcane (Saccharum sp. var CP-5243), the present study was carried out. Embryogenic callus has more soluble proteins, free proline, proteolytic
activity, soluble sugars, and invertase, and lower putreseine/(spermidine + spermine) than non-embryogenic tissue. Non-embryogenic
callus has a higher peroxidase and gallic acid level, lower dry matter/fresh matter ratio, and more gross fat compared with
embryogenic callus. 相似文献
2.
Biochemical marker is one of the important tools for the early identification and selection of somatic embryogenesis in plants.
Studies in developing the biochemical marker for somatic embryogenesis ofEurycoma longifolia disclosed that the regenerated and non-regenerated cotyledons as well as embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were significantly
different in terms of the total protein content as well as the specific activity of peroxidase. The data obtained revealed
that embryogenic tissue possess the highest amount of total soluble protein (64.24 mg/g fresh weight) and two protein bands
(molecular weight = 25 and 21 kDa) were observed at high intensity. The highest specific activity of peroxidase (578.1 ± 61.6
unit/mg soluble protein) was recorded in embryogenic callus and only 157.1 ± 20.5 unit/mg soluble protein was determined in
the non-embryogenic callus. Results obtained also showed that there were variations in the peroxidase banding profiles of
the four samples examined. Only two bands were observed in the non-embryogenic callus at the Rf of 0.24 and 0.27, whereas
in the embryogenic callus, four bands with high intensity were detected at the Rf of 0.24, 0.41, 0.49 and 0.81. 相似文献
3.
Enhanced somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration have been obtained using young leaf bases of naked oat (Avena nuda) as explants by including salicylic acid (SA) and carrot embryogenic callus extracts (CECE) in media. A 5- and 4-fold improvement
was achieved in somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration on the corresponding media supplemented with 0.5 mM SA and CECE
as compared to control, respectively. Some physiological and biochemical changes were assayed in both embryogenic callus (EC)
and non-embryogenic callus (NEC). The results indicated that superoxide dismutase activity was stimulated and catalases and
ascorbate peroxidase activities were inhibited, while the O2
- (superoxide anion) content was reduced and the hydrogen peroxide level was promoted in EC compared with NEC. Reduced malondialdehyde
content and relative electrolyte leakage were also detected in EC. 相似文献
4.
Peroxidase and esterase isozymes were investigated during plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in Bambusa vulgaris, The transition of non-embryogenic calli to embryogenic calli, somatic embryo development, germination and subsequent flowering of somatic embryo derived shoots were associated with selective expression or repression of isoforms of peroxidase and esterase. Non-embryogenic callus showed six peroxidase and four esterase bands. During somatic embryogenesis and germination of somatic embryos, some bands were suppressed and new isoforms of peroxidase and esterase appeared. During flowering, in addition to four peroxidase bands, a new unique esterase band ‘a’ appeared. Each developmental stage was thus associated with a definite isozyme profile. 相似文献
5.
Composition and accumulation patterns of storage proteins in female gametophyte and embryos of the white fir (Abies concolor) were investigated during embryogenesis and germination of mature seeds using SDS-PAGE and immunological approach. Altogether
9 major and minor protein components with molecular masses of 14, 16, 22, 24, 27, 30, 35, 38, and 43 kDa were detected in
female gametophytes and 9 protein bands in the embryos with the molecular sizes of 14, 16, 22, 24, 25, 27, 34, 38, and 43
kDa. The species seems to deviate in this respect from other representatives of Pinaceae. A conspicuous increase of storage protein synthesis was observed at the stage of fully cellularized female gametophytes
and at the cotyledonary stage of embryo development. There exists a high degree of similarity between storage protein profiles
of white fir zygotic and somatic embryos. Successive stages of somatic embryogenesis exhibited a high degree of similarity
of storage proteins except for cotyledonary stage when a noticeable increase in storage protein synthesis was registered.
Conversely, during germination of somatic embryos, an overwhelming majority of storage proteins was depleted. 相似文献
6.
M Krsnik-Rasol 《The International journal of developmental biology》1991,35(3):259-263
Peroxidase was studied as a developmental marker in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) callus lines and horse-radish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib) transformants. Embryogenic callus lines DE grown on MS medium with 2.4-D and NA-3 grown on medium with NAA and adenine sulfate showed about a 20 times higher enzyme activity than the habituated non-embryogenic line Z5b/T grown on medium without hormones. A rise in peroxidase activity indicated that somatic embryogenesis was triggered in a few habituated tissue cultures. Separated globular embryoids had a manifold lower enzyme activity than the callus from which they originated. SDS-electrophoresis showed distinct polypeptide patterns between the horse-radish leaves and crown galls, but the tumor characteristic protein bands failed to be identified. In horse-radish crown galls and short bushy plants regenerated from hairy roots an enhanced peroxidase activity was registered. Due to its high peroxidase level and abundant biomass production horse-radish transformants should facilitate enzyme production. 相似文献
7.
Claudia Hoenemann Sandra Richardt Katja Krüger Andreas D Zimmer Annette Hohe Stefan A Rensing 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):77
Background
Clonal propagation is highly desired especially for valuable horticultural crops. The method with the potentially highest multiplication rate is regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. However, this mode of propagation is often hampered by the occurrence of developmental aberrations and non-embryogenic callus. Therefore, the developmental process of somatic embryogenesis was analysed in the ornamental crop Cyclamen persicum by expression profiling, comparing different developmental stages of embryogenic cell cultures, zygotic vs. somatic embryos and embryogenic vs. non-embryogenic cell cultures. 相似文献8.
Hedayat Zakizadeh Bjarne M. Stummann Henrik Lütken Renate Müller 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,101(3):331-338
The isolation and expression analysis of four partial gene sequences from rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Linda) belonging to the receptor-like kinase gene superfamily are reported. These genes have been designated RhSERK1 to RhSERK4 (Accession No. EF631967 to EF631970) as they exhibit high sequence identities with genes from the somatic embryogenesis receptor-like
kinase (SERK) family in other plant species. The RhSERK genes are differentially expressed in non-embryogenic callus, embryogenic callus, mature somatic embryos and a range of tissues
from intact plants, indicating a broad role in plant growth and development. However, the expressions of RhSERK3 and RhSERK4 were approximately fivefold higher in embryogenic callus than in non-embryogenic callus, and they are even higher when compared
to tissues from intact plants. In addition, RhSERK4 expression was approximately eightfold higher in somatic embryos than in embryogenic callus. These results suggest that the
expression pattern of RhSERK3 and RhSERK4 may be used as a marker of somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
9.
Plantlets were regenerated from somatic embryos originatingfrom cotyledonary tissues of pomegranate (Punica granatum) throughmultiple somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic cell clusters proliferatedvigorously with regular sub-culturing after 20 d on RBM-II mediumcontaining 1 µM kinetin (KN), 2 µM benzylamino purine(BAP) and 5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D).Developmental stages of somatic embryos were expressed on sub-culturingwith a low level of 2, 4-D (2.5 µM). Embryogenic initialscells were small, round to oval, thick-walled, contained densecytoplasm which stained with acetocarmine and were usually attachedto non-embryogenic cells. Embryo maturation was obtained onRBM-III and IV media to produce young seedlings on the initiationof the first long tap root. Punica granatum L., pomegranate, multiple somatic embryogenesis, callus culture, plant regeneration 相似文献
10.
An efficient somatic embryogenesis system has been established in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don in which primary and secondary embryogenic calluses were developed from hypocotyls and primary cotyledonary somatic
embryos (PCSEs), respectively. Two types of calluses were different in morphology and growth behaviour. Hypocotyl-derived
embryogenic callus (HEC) was friable and fast-growing, while secondary callus derived from PCSE was compact and slow-growing.
HEC differentiated into somatic embryos which proliferated quickly on medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg l−1) and BA (1.5 mg l−1). Although differentiation and proliferation of somatic embryos were faster in primary HEC, maturation and germination efficiency
were better in somatic embryos developed from primary cotyledonary somatic embryo-derived secondary embryogenic callus (PCSEC).
At the biochemical level, two somatic embryogenesis systems were different. Both primary and secondary/adventive somatic embryogenesis
and the role of plant growth regulators in two modes of somatic embryo formation have been discussed. 相似文献
11.
以尾巨桉优良无性系无菌苗茎段为外植体,通过对多种不同浓度生长调节剂组合的优化,进行胚状体诱导研究;并对胚性与非胚性愈伤组织进行形态解剖学观察、相关生理指标检测以及相关基因荧光定量PCR分析,以揭示尾巨桉胚性愈伤组织非胚性化发生的机理,为建立尾巨桉体细胞胚胎再生体系提供参考。结果表明:(1)胚性愈伤组织在MS+0.1mg/L NAA+0.01mg/L TDZ培养基中诱导得到胚状体,外植体经过0.5mol/L蔗糖处理12h有助于胚性愈伤组织产生胚状体,胚状体最高发生率为16.7%。(2)尾巨桉胚性与非胚性愈伤组织石蜡切片观察发现,两者的细胞形态特征存在明显的差异,胚性愈伤组织细胞体积小,排列紧密,表现出典型的胚性细胞特征,而非胚性细胞比较大,排列疏松,细胞呈不规则形状。(3)生理生化指标检测结果表明,非胚性愈伤组织中蛋白质含量、SOD、PPO及CAT活性均显著低于胚性愈伤组织,非胚性愈伤组织中木质素、可溶性糖含量以及PAL和POD活性要高于胚性愈伤组织,二者的反肉桂酸4-单加氧酶基因、淀粉磷酸化酶基因、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因、葡萄糖-1-磷酸腺苷酸转移酶基因、葡萄糖六磷酸异构酶基因、分支酸合酶基因以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因表达差异也达到显著水平。 相似文献
12.
Summary Indirect somatic embryogenesis, encapsulation, and plant regeneration was achieved with the rare rhoeophytic woody medicinal
plant Rotula aquatica Lour. (Boraginaceae). Friable callus developed from leaf and internode explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic, acid (2,4-D) was most effective for the induction of somatic embryos. Subculture of the callus
onto half-strength MS medium with the same concentration of 2,4-D resulted in highly embryogenic callus. Suspension culture
was superior to solid medium culture for somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic callus.during subsequent transfer to suspension
cultures of half-strength MS medium having 0.23 μM 2,4-D induced the highest number of somatic embryos (a mean of 25.6 embryos per 100 mg callus) and the embryos were grown
up to the torpedo stage. Transfer of embryos to half-strength MS basal solid medium allowed development, of 50% of the embryos
to the cotyledonary stage. Of the cotyledonary embryos, 90% underwent conversion to plantlets on the same medium. Encapsulated
cotyledonary embryos exhibited 100% conversion to plantlets. Ninety-five percent of the plantlets established in field conditions
survived, and were morphologically identical to the mother plant. 相似文献
13.
S. A. Webster S. A. Mitchell W. A. Reid M. H. Ahmad 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(5):467-472
Summary This study investigated factors affecting the production of somatic embryos in Blighia sapida (ackee). Explants obtained from fully expanded leaves or cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos excised from brown (BSCZE)
or green seeds (GSCZE) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 9, 18 and 36μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4 or 22.1 μM benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 0.2–19.9 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Leaf explants grown on media supplemented with the different combinations of 2,4-D and BAP formed callus,
but they were non-embryogenic, while explants were not responsive on TDZ-supplemented media. GSCZE explants grown in the presence
of 2,4-D/BAP combinations of 9/4.4, 18/4.4 or 36/4.4 μM formed non-embryogenic callus profusely, but explants gave rise to organized globular protuberances (GPs) and non-embryogenic
callus on media containing TDZ, with the best concentration at 0.4 μM. BSCZE explants grown on TDZ-supplemented media also formed callus, but no GPs were detected. When GPs were cultured on media
containing TDZ and abscisic acid they (ABA), gave rise to the highest number of somatic embryos. The medium was also beneficial
for the development of somatic embryos from the globular to cotyledonary stage. 相似文献
14.
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16.
Effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on ethylene production, ACC oxidase (ACO) activity, and content
of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) during indirect somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Medicago sativa L. were studied. ABA and MeJA, at 50 μM, were applied during the induction, proliferation, or differentiation phase. ABA
decreased ethylene production at the beginning of callus and SE induction and during the differentiation of somatic embryos.
The hormone inhibited ACO activity in explants with overgrowing callus during the first two weeks of induction, in embryogenic
suspension and also in differentiating embryos. The ACC content was reduced by ABA in callus at the end of SE induction, in
embryogenic suspension and in globular embryos, but elevated in cotyledonary embryos. MeJA had no significant effect on ethylene
production during M. sativa SE, despite the fact, that it inhibited ACO activity during the first two weeks of induction and in torpedo and cotyledonary
embryos. The ACC content was increased by MeJA in 14-day-old callus and embryogenic suspension but was inhibited in globular
embryos. Both ABA and MeJA seem to be involved in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during distinct phases of SE in
M. sativa. It might be considered that exogenous ABA, more probably than MeJA, exerts its inhibitory effect on M. sativa somatic embryo formation by modifying ethylene production. 相似文献
17.
Summary Somatic embryogenesis was induced from suspension cultures (derived from leaf callus) of an important medicinal plant, Plumbago rosea L. While acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alone induced embryogenesis, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) failed to elicit a similar response.
This is the first time that ASA-induced somatic embryogenesis has been reported in cultured cells. Optimal embryogenic response
per culture was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing a combination of ASA (8.32 μM) and IAA (5.06 μM). but 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid individually did not induce somatic embryogenesis. Increase in the
concentration of ammonium enhanced the number of embryos formed per culture. Accumulation of plumbagin, an important naphthoquinone
and a medicinal compound, was three times higher in embryogenic compared to non-embryogenic suspensions. 相似文献
18.
ABA对枸杞体细胞胚发生的调节作用 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, we determined the ABA contents of different stages in somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that endogenous ABA contents increased to maximum value twice during somatic embryogenesis. After first maximum value of ABA contents embryogenic cells were observed in callus, and simultaneously, there was a specific protein of somatic embryogenesis investigated by SDS-PAGE. This protein accumulates preferentially in embryogenic callus but not in transferred callus. So it is suggested that ABA could promote the expression of specific genes and the synthesis of embryogenic protein during somatic embryogenesis in Lycium barbarum L. and ABA play an important role in globular stage as well. In addition, treatment of non-embryogenic activity callus with 4 mumol/L exogenous ABA could stimulate somatic embryogenesis. And the ABA function mechanism in relation to somatic embryogenesis was discussed. 相似文献
19.
Some physiological and biochemical changes were measured between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus obtained from Cardiospermum halicacabum. Combination of auxin with cytokinin was more favourable for high amount of callus formation. 2,4-D played a key role in triggering somatic embryo formation. Embryogenic callus had more total carbohydrate and starch contents, total free amino acids, nucleic acids, phenols and ascorbic acid. Non-embryogenic callus exhibited high chlorophyll content, total soluble sugar, protein, ammonia and enzymes like peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Thus, the present study indicated that the process of somatic embryogenesis was characterized by some biochemical and physiological changes induced by plant growth regulators. 相似文献
20.
Levels of wheat germ agglutinin have been determined by radioimmunoassay in tissues of immature wheat embryos cultured under different conditions in order to determine the suitability of the lectin as a marker for somatic embryogenesis. Embryos cultured on media favouring continued embryo development accumulated lectin in a similar manner to zygotic embryos in planta unless precocious germination occurred. Embryos cultured on media containing 2,4-D produced callus, and some of this developed somatic embryos. Both embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus contained WGA, that in non-embryogenic callus possibly arising from developmentally arrested root primordia.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- dpa
days post anthesis
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline, (10 mM KH2PO4 K2HPO4, 145 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
- RIA
radioimmunoassay
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献