五大连池新期火山熔岩台地不同植被类型土壤微生物群落的功能多样性

土壤微生物群落是陆地生态系统的重要生物活性成分,其结构和功能多样性直接影响到系统的碳、氮等生态过程,微生物群落功能多样性与地上植被类型变化密切相关,开展植被类型对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响研究具有重要意义。以五大连池新期火山熔岩台地苔藓、草本、灌丛、矮曲林、针阔混交林5种典型植被类型为对象,利用BIOLOG微孔板法研究不同演替阶段植被类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性特征。结果表明：不同植被类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性存在显著差异。平均颜色变化率（AWCD）随培养时间延长而逐渐增加,大小顺序为：苔藓 > 针阔混交林 > 矮曲林 > 草本 > 灌丛。灌丛土壤微生物多样性指数与其他植被类型间差异显著。主成分分析结果表明,主成分1和主成分2分别能解释变量方差的56.24%和29.59%,不同植被类型下土壤微生物的碳源利用格局差异主要是由氨基酸类和带磷基糖类引起,二者合计解释总变异量的47.51%。冗余分析表明,速效磷、铵态氮、C：N和pH对微生物功能多样性具有显著的影响,羧酸类、氨基酸类、酯类和胺类的降解更易受到环境因素的影响。研究结果为进一步探讨植被类型与土壤微生物之间在植被演替过程中的关系提供参考。     

不同植被恢复模式下矿区复垦土壤真菌群落组成及多样性

本研究利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析安太堡露天煤矿生态复垦区4种植被恢复模式(刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia、油松Pinus tabulaeformis、沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides和柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii)土壤真菌群落组成及多样性,并探究其与土壤环境因子的相关性。高通量测序结果共获得821 508条有效序列和1 841个OTUs,子囊菌门Ascomycota和担子菌门Basidiomycota为优势菌门,序列数占真菌总数的88.43%,此外还含有3.72%未被分类学鉴定的真菌。真菌α多样性分析结果表明：刺槐模式、沙棘模式和柠条锦鸡儿模式的Sobs指数、Chao1指数、Ace指数和Shannon指数均显著高于油松模式(P<0.01),而油松模式的Simpson指数显著高于其余3种植被恢复模式(P<0.05)。真菌β多样性分析结果显示：OTU水平下4种植被恢复模式土壤真菌群落组成差异显著(R=0.709 9,P=0.005),其中,油松模式的土壤真菌群落与其他3种模式距离较远,差异显著(P<0.01),而其余3种植被恢复模式之间两两组成相近,差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过土壤理化性质的测定、典范对应分析、冗余分析以及Spearman相关性分析,结果发现土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷是显著影响4种植被恢复模式土壤真菌群落组成的环境因子。综上所述,在矿区生态复垦过程中刺槐模式是物种相对多度最高的植被恢复模式,油松模式是优势菌群含量最高的植被恢复模式。研究结果可为植被修复煤矿复垦区土壤及真菌资源的开发利用提供理论依据。     

Analysis of vegetation structural diversity by Burnaby's similarity index

The application of Burnaby's similarity index is discussed by using structural data from mediterranean vegetation. The index, suggested to compare objects described by characters measured on different scales (mixed data), was applied in a fuzzy theory context. Ordinations of vegetation relevés and structural characters by joint plots have been obtained. These are very useful to map vegetation structural diversity in multidimensional spaces and to test the efficiency of an intuitive classification based on qualitative assessment.     

UAV-based classification of maritime Antarctic vegetation types using GEOBIA and random forest

Development of vegetation communities in areas of Antarctica without permanent ice cover emphasizes the need for effective remote sensing techniques for proper monitoring of local environmental changes. Detection and mapping of vegetation by image classification remains limited in the Antarctic environment due to the complexity of its surface cover, and the spatial heterogeneity and spectral homogeneity of cryptogamic vegetation. As ultra-high resolution aerial images allow a comprehensive analysis of vegetation, this study aims to identify different types of vegetation cover (i.e., algae, mosses, and lichens) in an ice-free area of  Hope Bay, on the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Using the geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) approach, remote sensing data sets are tested in the random forest classifier in order to distinguish vegetation classes within vegetated areas. Because species of algae, mosses, and lichens may have similar spectral characteristics, subclasses are established. The results show that when only the mean values of green, red, and NIR bands are considered, the subclasses have low separability. Variations in accuracy and visual changes are identified according to the set of features used in the classification. Accuracy improves when multilayer information is used. A combination of spectral and morphometric products and by-products provides the best result for the detection and delineation of different types of vegetation, with an overall accuracy of 0.966 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.946. The method allowed for the identification of units primarily composed of algae, mosses, and lichens as well as differences in communities. This study demonstrates that ultra-high spatial resolution data can provide the necessary properties for the classification of vegetation in Maritime Antarctica, even in images obtained by sensors with low spectral resolution.     

Cattle foraging habits shape vegetation patterns of alluvial year-round grazing systems

Year-round grazing with robust cattle is increasingly used as a near-natural tool for the restoration of structurally diverse grassland ecosystems in Western and Central Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general success of year-round grazing and to analyze the interplay between emerging vegetation structures, grazing patterns and abiotic environmental conditions. In summer 2010 vegetation composition, aboveground biomass and soil properties were sampled at 44 quadrats of 4 × 4 m² within two year-round grazed floodplain sites in Northwestern Germany. For plot selection, we predefined structural vegetation types and later statistically determined indicative plant species for each structural type. Our results showed that year-round grazing resulted in the successful creation of eutrophic grassland communities on former agricultural land after 15 years. Soil parameters like phosphorous and potassium concentration and the flooding duration did not or only slightly differ between different structure types. In summer, cattle preferably fed at short-growing patches which were of better digestible biomass than taller patches. Hence, our data clearly demonstrate a positive feedback between grazing intensity and fodder quality leading to a patchy vegetation structure of intensively grazed swards and less frequented areas dominated by high-growing grasses and tall forbs, almost independently from primary differences in soil parameters and other site factors such as flooding duration. The remarkable structural and floristic diversity of year-round grazing systems clearly is a result of these spatially contrasting feeding patterns.     

Space remote sensing for spatial vegetation characterization

The study area, Madhav National Park (MP) represents northern tropical dry deciduous forest. The national park, due to its unique location (nearest to township), is under tremendous biotic pressure. In order to understand vegetation structure and dynamics, vegetation mapping at community level was considered important. Prolonged leafless period and background reflection due to open canopy poses challenge in interpretation of satellite data. The vegetation of Madhav National Park was mapped using Landsat TM data. The ground data collected from sample points were subjected to TWINSPAN analysis to cluster sample point data into six communities. The vegetation classification obtained by interpretation (visual and digital) of remote sensing data and TWINSPAN were compared to validate the vegetation classification at community level. The phytosociological data collected from sample points were analysed to characterize communities. The results indicate that structural variations in the communities modulate spectral signatures of vegetation and form basis to describe community structure subjectively and at spatial level.     

黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构与物种多样性特征

该文采用"空间代替时间"的方法,研究了贵州省威宁县喀斯特地区植被演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、生活型谱和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)该调查共记录到种子植物174种,隶属于52科117属,物种分布较多的有菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、小檗科、唇形科、蓼科。(2)随着植被的正向演替,物种丰富度逐渐增加,群落结构趋于复杂,高位芽植物所占比例逐渐增大。(3)随着植被的恢复,群落层次分化逐渐明显,大径级植株所占比例呈现增加趋势。(4)随着植被的恢复,群落各层次的ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(DS)、均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(DM)逐渐增加;不同演替阶段植物群落之间的Srensen相似系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cody指数则表现为逐渐增加的趋势。黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性不同,建群种和关键种发生了明显变化,不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性的研究对喀斯特地区植被演替规律的认识和生态恢复具有重要意义。     

Bird community composition in an actively managed savanna reserve, importance of vegetation structure and vegetation composition

The mosaic of trees, shrubs and open grassland in mesic African savannas is highly dynamic and strongly influenced by mammal herbivory and fire. We investigated the bird fauna in four different savanna habitats to help assess the impacts of vegetation change on this component of faunal diversity. Birds were censused, plant species were identified and vegetation structure was measured in four different vegetation types (Acacia nilotica woodland, Acacia nigrescens woodland, broadleaf thicket and open grassland) in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park in northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Multivariate ordination analyses were used to determine the relative importance of vegetation structure and floristic composition in defining bird assemblages. The bird communities of the grasslands, the acacia woodlands, and the broadleaf woodlands were clearly separated on the first axis of the detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA). Canopy cover and foliage height diversity (FHD) were strongly correlated with the first axis of DCCA, possibly reflecting a secondary successional series from grassland to woodland, known as bush encroachment. Floristic composition (based on presence–absence data only) seemed to be less important for bird community composition than vegetation structure. The results indicate that changes in vegetation structure, caused by bush encroachment, could cause concomitant changes in bird community composition.     

黄土高原不同植被覆被类型NDVI对气候变化的响应

植被与气候是目前研究生态与环境的重要内容。为探究黄土高原地区植被与气候因子之间的响应机制,利用线性趋势分析、Pearson相关分析、多元线性回归模型以及通径分析的方法,对黄土高原2000—2015年全区和不同植被覆被类型区内NDVI与气候因子的变化趋势以及相互作用关系进行分析。植被覆被分类数据和植被指数数据分别来源于ESA CCI-LC(The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Land Cover)以及MODND1T/NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)。结果表明:(1) 2000—2015年黄土高原全区植被年NDVI_(max)显著增加的区域占总面积的74.25%,不同植被覆被类型年NDVI_(max)分别为常绿阔叶林常绿针叶林落叶阔叶林落叶针叶林镶嵌草地农田镶嵌林地草地灌木,并且都呈显著增加趋势,其中常绿阔叶林和农田增加幅度最大,为0.012/a。(2)黄土高原全区NDVI与气温、日照、降水和相对湿度等气候因子之间没有显著相关性,但在不同植被覆被类型区,气候因子对NDVI存在显著作用,且不同植被覆被类型差异明显。(3)在全区和不同植被覆被类型区NDVI仅对降水的响应比较一致,气温无论在整个区域尺度还是不同植被覆被类型区对植被的影响均不显著。(4)常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、常绿针叶林及镶嵌林地等以乔木为主的植被覆被类型受年均相对湿度和年总日照时数的显著负效应驱动,草地、镶嵌草地等以草本为主的植被覆被类型则受到年总降水量的显著正效应影响。这说明对植被类型进行区分,更有利于揭示气候对植被的作用机制。     

干旱区典型盐生植物群落下土壤微生物群落特征

运用Biolog技术,对干旱区玛纳斯河流域扇缘带的6种典型盐生植物群落下土壤微生物群落特征差异性进行了研究,探讨不同植物群落对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:不同盐生植物群落土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随培养时间的延长而逐渐增加,大小顺序依次为:梭梭花花柴白刺绢蒿柽柳雾冰藜,且差异显著。不同植物群落土壤微生物对6类碳源利用差异显著(P0.05),其中梭梭群落利用率最高,雾冰藜群落利用率最低。碳水化合物类和氨基酸类是主要碳源,胺类的利用率最低。主成分分析(PCA)表明,在31种因子中提取的2个主成分因子,分别可以解释所有变量方差的41.51%和25.35%,对PC1和PC2起分异作用的主要碳源分别为碳水化合物类和氨基酸类。土壤微生物群落Shannon指数、Simpson指数上,除雾冰藜群落较低,其他群落之间均差异不显著(P0.05)。植物群落Margalef指数,Shannon指数和Simpson指数上,均为绢蒿,梭梭和柽柳群落较为优势。相关性分析表明,植物群落多样性指数与土壤微生物多样性指数呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),说明了植物多样性越丰富,土壤微生物越丰富。总体来说,干旱区不同盐生植物群落对土壤微生物群落多样性具有重要影响。其中,梭梭群落的土壤微生物群落具有较强的微生物总体活性和功能多样性。     

The vegetation of seacliffs and headlands in New South Wales,Australia

A phytosociological survey of seacliff and headland vegetation on the central and south coast of New South Wales was carried out. Analysis of the quadrat data led to the recognition of 15 communities; the occurrence of a number of other vegetation types is briefly discussed. The vegetation types fall into three major groupings: grasslands, scrub and heathland, although the coincidence between structural and floristic boundaries is poor. Ordination of the communities indicates that the major factors varying between communities are exposure and soil fertility, the grasslands and scrubs occurring on more fertile soils than the heathlands. Amongst the woody communities it is suggested that the two major groups recognized fall into different phytosociological alliances, although lack of studies of Australian vegetation limits the applicability of a conventional hierarchical classification. The true heathlands correspond closely with the alliance Leptospermion, previously recognized in Victoria. The scrub communities are assigned to a new alliance, the Westringio-Banksion integrifoliae.     

皖北石灰岩山地植被对地表节肢动物组成及多样性的影响

调查皖北石灰岩山地退化生态系统不同植被恢复类型地表节肢动物群落组成、类群多样性以及功能群组成,揭示退化生态系统植被恢复进程中土壤地表节肢动物群多样性变化规律及其影响因素,为石灰岩山地植被恢复成效评价提供科学依据。采用陷阱法对皖北石灰岩山地侧柏+构树混交林、酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛样地地表节肢动物群落组成、多样性以及功能群进行调查。共采节肢动物个体数11601,隶属8纲14目44科。酸枣+牡荆灌丛样地采集到节肢动物37科,占所有类群的84.1%,荩草+牡荆草灌丛和侧柏+构树混交林采集到土壤节肢动物类群为35和26科,分别占总科数的79.6%和59.1%。在目的分类单元下,直翅目、等足目和鞘翅目类群相对多度较高,而科的分类单元下,潮虫科、金龟甲科、蚁科和蟋蟀科为皖北石灰岩山地优势地表节肢动物类群。酸枣+牡荆灌丛节肢动物类群丰富度和荩草+牡荆草灌丛多样性指数最高,侧柏+构树混交林两者均最低。3个样地地表节肢动物营养功能群均以植食性为主。不同植被恢复类型间群落相似性也有变化,酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛间相似性较高,而侧柏+构树混交林与其他2种类型之间相似度均较低。研究结果表明石灰岩山地生境不同植被群落组成、数量和结构及其驱动形成的土壤理化特性、表层的凋落物数量、质量和微生境条件的变异,引起地表节肢动物群落组成、结构和多样性和营养功能群的不同。     

The spatial distribution of vegetation types in the Serengeti ecosystem: the influence of rainfall and topographic relief on vegetation patch characteristics

Aim The aim of this study is to introduce a structural vegetation map of the Serengeti ecosystem and, based on the map, to test the relative influences of landscape factors on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in the ecosystem. Location This study was conducted in the Serengeti–Maasai Mara ecosystem in northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, between 34° and 36° E longitude, and 1° and 2° S latitude. Methods The vegetation map was produced from satellite imagery using data from over 800 ground‐truthing points. Spatial characteristics of the vegetation were analysed in the resulting map using the fragstats software package. Average patch area and nearest neighbour distance (NND) were determined for grassland, shrubland and woodland vegetation types. The heterogeneity of vegetation types was estimated with Simpson’s diversity index (D). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to explore the relationships between the spatial characteristics of vegetation and three predictor variables: annual rainfall, coefficient of variation (CV) in annual rainfall, and topographic moisture index (TMI). Results A vegetation map is presented along with a detailed summary of the distribution of land‐cover classes and spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystem. Significant relationships were found between vegetation diversity (D) and TMI, and also between D and average rainfall. The average area of grassland patches showed significant relationships with average rainfall, with rainfall CV and with TMI. Grassland NND was positively associated with average rainfall. Woodland patch area showed a unimodal response to average rainfall and a negative linear association with TMI. Woodland NND showed a U‐shaped association with annual rainfall and a weaker positive linear association with TMI. An acceptable model that explained variation in shrubland patch characteristics could not be identified. Main conclusions The vegetation map and analysis thereof resulted in three significant causal explanatory models that demonstrate that both rainfall and topography are important contributors to the distribution of woodlands and grasslands in the Serengeti. These findings further indicate that changes in patch characteristics have a complex interaction with rainfall and with topography. Our results are concordant with recent studies suggesting that percent woody cover in African savannas receiving less than c. 650 mm year^?1 is bounded by average annual rainfall.     

海南昌江石碌铁矿尾矿库区植被调查

实验开展了3个不同年代的海南石碌铁尾矿库区植被调查研究,根据记录数据计算了各样地物种的重要值、物种多样性指数和均匀度等。结果表明,铁尾矿库区内植物种类总体上来看较为稀少,不同尾矿库区内植物群落组成成分差异比较大。已经停止使用20a的尾矿区（样地1）内,自然定居的植物仅有44种,其中禾本科植物种类较多,其次为豆科植物和莎草科植物,表明这3个科的植物种类较其它科植物更容易适应这种环境,特别是禾本科的水竹（Phragmites karka）、雀稗（Paspalum commersonii）和豆科的田菁（Sesbaniacannabina）表现出较强的适应能力;刚停止使用2a的尾矿库区（样地2）内,自然定居的植物有21种,其中硬骨草（Panicum repens）、斑茅（Saccharum arundinaceum）和芒（Miscanthussinensis）等禾本科植物为该样地的优势种群;正在使用的尾矿库区（样地3）内物种单一,只有水竹（Pyllosacys karka）、芒（Miscanthus sinensis）和田菁（Sesbaniacannabina）三种植物能在该恶劣的生境中顽强地生长和发育,表现出极强的适应能力。结果还表明了3个不同年代库区的植物群落的组成与结构存在明显的演替顺序差异,样地3单种优势明显,从样地3到样地1,这种优势依次减弱,物种多样性指数也依次增加,这表现出由较少先锋物种种类组成的简单群落向稳定复杂群落方向演替的趋势,反映了植物群落结构随演替时间的延长越来越趋向复杂化。在同一个尾矿库区内土壤的不同水分含量和理化性质会对植物的定居与群落的组成关系密切。     

Halocnemum M. Bieb. vegetation in the Mediterranean Basin

The aim of the article is the syntaxonomic interpretation of hyperhalophilous woody or semi-woody vegetation with Halocnemum M. Bieb. along the coasts of the Mediterranean Basin. For this area, the two species of Halocnemum, H. strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb. and H. cruciatum (Forssk.) Tod. are identified; their morphological characteristics, synonymy and distribution are here described. The study carried out of particular aspects of the plant morphology and the micromorphological characteristics of the seeds collected from different places in the Mediterranean allows to better differentiate the two species. Vegetation studies already done in many communities of the Mediterranean by several authors threw into great confusion because only H. strobilacem has been recognized as a dominant species. As regards the syntaxonomic analyses of the vegetation, the authors refer to the proposals already made by various scientists for the vegetation of inland salt basins of Eurasia and the Irano-Anatolian area, who suggested the classes Kalidietea foliate and Halocnemetea strobilaceiirano-anatolica, respectively. Conversely, in the Mediterranean Basin, the vegetation study is present only in coastal areas where it is considerably impoverished in the number of species. Therefore, the authors propose to include hyperhalophilous, woody and fruticose vegetation in the class Sarcocornietea fruticosae. However, the phytosociological and ecological diversity is highlighted proposing the order Halocnemetalia cruciati in which both the alliance Halocnemion strobilacei, for middle Eastern Europe, and the alliance Halocnemion cruciati, for North Africa with penetrations in the Western and Eastern Europe up to the Middle East coast, are included. This new interpretation has required the correction of the names of two associations (Frankenio corymbosae–Halocnemetum cruciati and Zygophylloalbi–Halocnemetumcruciati) and the proposal of two new associations Arthrocnemo machrostachyi–Halocnemetum cruciati and Halocnemo cruciati–Sarcocornietum fruticosae. A further proposal concerns the addition of the alliance Limoniastrion monopetali, previously included in the order Limonietalia, in the order Halocnemetalia cruciati.     

Classification of vegetation in the Western Australian wheatbelt using Landsat MSS data

We examined the use of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data to provide preliminary information on broad vegetation types present within nature reserves in the wheatbelt region of Western Australia. We analysed Landsat data for an area of natural vegetation for which ground survey and aerial photographic data are available. We used canonical variate analysis to examine the degree of spectral separation between training sites selected in the main structural vegetation types. The training classes were then grouped into spectral classes and an allocation procedure used to map the pixels in the reserve into these classes. The analysis provided a good correspondence between spectral classes and broad vegetation types recognised from aerial photography, but did not discriminate between differences in dominant species (e.g. between different types of Eucalypt woodland). The classification derived from the study reserve was then applied successfully to two nearby reserves, indicating that the data can be used to provide initial information on the broad vegetation types present in wheatbelt reserves, although it is not suitable for finer resolution studies.Abbreviation MSS = Multi-spectral scanner     

Fire,storm, flood and drought: The vegetation ecology of Howards Peninsula,Northern Territory,Australia

Twenty different communities, characteristic of the coastal vegetation of the northern portion of the Northern Territory, were recognized by photo-interpretation and ground truthing a 20 × 20 km area near Darwin. Data collected from 161 quadrats placed throughout the study area showed a strong relationship between subjective and objective measures of vegetation structure. Photopattern is best explained by a combination of structural, lifeform and floristic data. The mangrove, grassland, forest and woodland communities form a complex spatial pattern. Variations in moisture regime, through the interaction of topography and soils with temporal fluctuations of salt and/or fresh water supply, appear to best explain vegetation distribution. Three anomalously open eucalypt communities are interpreted as being the consequence of a severe tropical cyclonic storm which destroyed much of Darwin in 1974. These communities are frequently burnt by the nearby urban population and possess layers of sapling size eucalypts, although the height and density of the regrowth appears to vary with site quality. It is argued that fire is a characteristic of the seasonal climate, and that the fire pattern largely reflects the vegetation pattern. Occasional severe tropical storms also affect vegetation types differently. The greatest amount of windthrow occurs in moist monsoon forests while the eucalypts on well drained soils are more windfirm, but remain obviously damaged for over 10 years.     

The vegetation of the Farasān Islands,Red Sea,Saudi Arabia

Abstract. Classification of the vegetation of the Farasān Islands using TWINSPAN technique resulted in the recognition of seven community types associated with seven different habitat types: silty runnels, palm orchards, rocky plains, rocky plateau crevices, coastal sand dunes, sand plains, and mangroves. These communities were dominated or co-dominated by 13 perennial species; 87 associate species were recorded in the study area with chamaephytes dominating the life-form spectrum. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that organic carbon, soil moisture, silt, electrical conductivity and calcium carbonate were the major edaphic gradients controlling the distribution of the plant communities on the Farasān Islands. Higher species richness was recorded in the plant communities inhabiting the palm orchards, the crevices of the rocky plateau, silty runnels, rocky plains and rocky plateau, while those of the mangrove and sand formations (dunes and plains) showed a lower species richness. Soil texture and organic matter are the main factors promoting species diversity in the more diversified habitats, while high salinity and calcium carbonate are the main factors associated with lower species diversity in the less diversified habitats of the study area.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复类型昆虫群落结构及多样性的研究

为探讨黄土高原植被恢复过程中植物与昆虫群落的关系,评价人工植被和自然恢复植被种类搭配的合理性,为退化生态系统的植被恢复提供依据。采用样地调查法,在黄土丘陵沟壑区纸坊沟流域研究比较了不同植被恢复类型昆虫群落组成、结构及多样性的变化。结果表明,2种不同植被恢复类型区昆虫有189种(含蜱螨目),分别隶属13目84科。而不同植被恢复类型昆虫群落的物种数、丰富度、多样性、均匀度及优势度指数值均有明显差异。以20a自然封育植被恢复区昆虫群落的物种数、丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数值均较高,其值分别为160、21.17、1.4914和0.6918。优势度则以人工治理区(0.7251)>自然封育区(0.5845)。说明从人工治理区到自然封育区,随着植被种类增加,昆虫种类相应增加,优势种由突出降至不明显,昆虫群落稳定性提高。